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1、非谓语动词语法专题非谓语动词语法专题襄樊市第三十六中学襄樊市第三十六中学 MR Davild一、动词不定式一、动词不定式一、不定式（to do）1、定义：1）表将做还未做的事情）表将做还未做的事情2）特指某一次具体的动作的全过程2、特征：、特征：不定式具有名词、形容词、副词及动词的特征在句中可做主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补及状语。其动词特征主要表现在时态、语态的变化上；若是及物动词，还可以带上自己的宾语。拿动词拿动词take举例：举例：主动语态被动语态一般式一般式To take To be taken 进行式进行式To be taking 无完成式完成式To have taken To hav
2、e been taken 完成进行完成进行式式To have been taking无注意：其否定形式直接在注意：其否定形式直接在to 前加否定副词前加否定副词not never等等3.用法：1）做主语做主语To learn a foreign language is not easy。不定式做主语，通常用形式主语不定式做主语，通常用形式主语it引出，而把真引出，而把真正的主语放在谓语之后，如上句可改为正的主语放在谓语之后，如上句可改为：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.常见结构:it be+adj或n+(for/of sb)+to do s
3、thEg.It is a pleasure to meet you here.It is difficult to communicate with him.2)作宾语作宾语Eg.She hope to visit Africa some day.Please tell me how to learn English well.在中学范围，后接不定式做宾语的动词有：想要学习：want hope wish expect seek attempt offer care need learn早打算：plan prepare mean同意否：agree promise choose offer ref
4、use 问问看：ask beg 决定了：decide make up ones mind be determined 尽力干：manage try 干不了别装蒜：cant afford fail pretend3)作宾语补足语Eg.The children asked their parents to take them to the zoo.Mum allowed me to swim after finishing homework.The teacher made me fetch some chalks.注意:感官动词感官动词 see watch look at observe not
5、ice(五看),hear listen to(二听),feel(一感)使役动词使役动词 let make have后要使用带的不定式做宾补，但在被动语态中要还原.如上句要改为：I was made to fetch some chalks.Help后接不定式做宾补，to 可省可不省。Eg.Can you help me(to)carry the box?4)作表语:Eg.Her job is to take care after the children.His wish was to become a scientist.注意区别作表语的不定式和be to do 的结构，前者说明主语的性质和
6、内容，后者表按计划作某事。Eg we are to meet at the school gate at 8:00am5)做定语通常表示将要发生的动作:I have lots of work(to do).事实上工作还未做 He has no wish(to become a sailor).但现在还不是 通常放在受序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰的名词后做定语。He is always the first(to come),and the last(to go).不及物动词的不定式做定语时,后面必须加相应的 介词.Eg.They had no house(to
7、live in).There is nothing for us(to worry about).注意:不定式做定语时的主动表被动的情况:如果直接在句子中能找到它的动作执行者,或是可以理解为省略了逻辑主语（for sb）,则用to do;若不是,则用to be done.Eg.There is nothing(to eat).虽然eat 和nothing是动宾关系,本该用to be eaten,但可理解为在nothing后省略了for us或是for sb,点明了动作的执行者.I give him a novel(to read).(He read the novel).试比较：Have you something to send?(you send it)Have you something to be sent?(sb else sent it)Sent 的动作执行者与you无关，故东西由他人sent6）作状语