《03 非谓语动词讲义（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）--高考英语语法专题复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《03 非谓语动词讲义（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）--高考英语语法专题复习.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用：1. 表示动作的时间，tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态，aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气，mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”，通过动词变位实现。例如，The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制，随之出现了时态和人称的变化，成为一种被限定了的动词，所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。与之相对的，不受主语
2、限制的动词，称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb)，也就是非谓语动词。非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。例如，I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式：1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词，非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。1. 主语例：Swimming makes us hale and heart
3、y.2. 宾语例：Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例：Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例：I invited him to come here.5. 定语例：Dont disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例：He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当，而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。1. 不定式不定式的基本形式是：to+动词原形，这种形式也被称为完全不定式 (fu
4、ll infinitive)。有的时候，不定式中的to可以省略，这种形式被称为裸不定式 (bare infinitive)。完全不定式 To be or not to be, that is the question.裸不定式 You helped me cook the carrot.不定式作主语To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.通常可以使用形式主语it，来避免句子结构头重脚轻。It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.不定式作宾语The rabbit likes t
5、o eat carrots.对于复杂及物动词，通常可以使用形式宾语it，来优化句子结构。I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.不定式作宾语补语The rabbit expected me to eat a carrot.谓语动词see、find、watch、have、make、let等，后面使用不定式作宾语补语时，需要省略to，即需要使用裸不定式。Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.不定式作表语The rabbits dream is to eat every kind of carrot in t
6、he world.不定式作定语The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat.不定式作状语I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.不定式中的动词原形还可以通过变位，表达状态信息。The rabbit seemed to be eating a carrot.The rabbit will appear to have eaten a carrot.2. 动名词动名词的基本形式是：动词原形+ing。动名词的本质相当于名词，也就是说，名词在句中可以承担的成分，动名词也可以承担。动名词作主语Eating carrots is healthy
7、 for the rabbit.动名词作表语The rabbits hobby is growing carrots.动名词作定语a washing machine = a machine for washing动名词作宾语The rabbit likes eating carrots.谓语动词avoid、advise、consider、escape、mind等，动词词组give up、insist on、feel like、put off等，后面不能接不定式，只能接动名词。The rabbit enjoys eating carrots.介词+宾语结构中的宾语也需用使用动名词，特别注意to作
8、为介词的情况。The rabbit is looking forward to seeing you again.* look forward to是动词短语，其中的to是介词，注意与不定式的区别。不定式作宾语 vs. 动名词作宾语例子1stop to do：停下手中的事情，去做另一件事情stop doing：停下正在做的事情例子2forget to do：忘记去做某事，表示事情还没做forget doing：忘记做过某事，表示事情已经做了现在分词、过去分词接下来继续介绍非谓语动词的另外两种形式，现在分词和过去分词。3. 现在分词现在分词的基本形式是：动词原形+ing。现在分词相当于一个形容词
9、，也就是说，形容词在句中可以承担的成分，现在分词也可以承担。现在分词不自带时间概念。现在分词作定语I was satisfied with the exciting speech.现在分词作表语The news is encouraging.现在分词作宾语补语I saw the rabbit eating a carrot.I saw the rabbit eat a carrot.* 不定式作宾补，表示动作自始至终的过程，强调动作已经发生了；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行中，强调动作进行的状态。现在分词作状语Hearing the news, he became excited.Not k
10、nowing what to eat, he skipped lunch.4. 过去分词过去分词的基本形式是：动词原形+ed。过去分词也不自带时间概念。过去分词作定语We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.过去分词作表语The rabbit is interested in growing carrots. （被.引起兴趣）The story is interesting. （引起了.的兴趣）* 现在分词暗含主动关系，过去分词暗含被动关系。过去分词作宾语补语The rabbit found his carrot stolen.过去分词作状语Given another chance, I would go to the party.注意以下句子的区别：独立主格 The work finished, he went home.并列复合句 The work was finished, so he went home.主从复合句 After the work was finished, he went home.学科网（北京）股份有限公司