确定词义表达得体分析解析.pptx

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1、会计学1确定词义表达得体分析解析确定词义表达得体分析解析2 run a car run a shop run oil run message run a fever run a computer run a meeting run chickens run arms run an advertisement驾驶经营提炼传递发操作主持饲养运输刊登Run的译法第1页/共49页3head的译法:的译法:1.1.headhead of the English Department of the English Department 英语系英语系主任主任 2.2.headhead of the gove

2、rnment of the government 政府政府首脑首脑 3.3.headhead of the bed of the bed 床床头头 4.4.headhead of the staircase of the staircase 楼梯楼梯顶端顶端 5.5.headhead of the needle of the needle 针针尖尖第2页/共49页4head的译法:的译法:6.He was badly wounded in the 6.He was badly wounded in the headhead.他他头部头部受了重伤。受了重伤。7.He has a good 7.H

3、e has a good headhead for maths.for maths.他很有数学他很有数学天分天分。8.You should use your 8.You should use your headhead.你该动动你该动动脑子脑子。9.The dinner cost us five dollars a 9.The dinner cost us five dollars a headhead.这顿饭花了我们每这顿饭花了我们每人人块钱。块钱。第3页/共49页5head的译法:的译法:10.He arranged his speech under five 10.He arranged

4、 his speech under five headsheads.他的演讲分为五个他的演讲分为五个部分部分。11.We have thirty 11.We have thirty headhead of cattle.of cattle.我们有三十我们有三十头头牛。牛。12.12.HeadsHeads or tails?or tails?正面正面还是反面?还是反面?13.Where is the 13.Where is the headhead?厕所厕所在哪?在哪?第4页/共49页6poor的译法:的译法:1.The cloth is 1.The cloth is poorpoor in q

5、uality.in quality.这种布料质量很这种布料质量很差差。2.The water is 2.The water is poorpoor in oxygen.in oxygen.这水这水缺缺氧。氧。3.Her first concert had a 3.Her first concert had a poorpoor audience.audience.她的首场音乐会只有她的首场音乐会只有寥寥无几寥寥无几的听众。的听众。第5页/共49页7poor的译法:的译法:4.This to her was a 4.This to her was a poorpoor consolation.c

6、onsolation.这种安慰对她来说是这种安慰对她来说是不起作用不起作用的。的。5.In my 5.In my poorpoor opinion,you should let her go.opinion,you should let her go.以以鄙人鄙人之见,你应该让她走。之见,你应该让她走。6.She was a 6.She was a poorpoor sailor and always went to bed immediately on sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat.getti

7、ng on the boat.她有她有晕船晕船的毛病,所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。的毛病,所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。第6页/共49页8练习练习1:run的译法的译法 1.He will not be 1.He will not be runningrunning in the next election.in the next election.他不准备他不准备参加参加下届竞选。下届竞选。2.The train is not 2.The train is not runningrunning today.today.那班火车今天停那班火车今天停开开。3.The film began to 3.T

8、he film began to runrun.电影电影开映开映了。了。4.His face was 4.His face was runningrunning with sweat.with sweat.他汗他汗流流满面。满面。第7页/共49页9run的译法的译法 5.It was such a hot day that the butter 5.It was such a hot day that the butter ranran.天气热得连黄油都天气热得连黄油都融化融化了。了。6.The road 6.The road runsruns north.north.这条路向北这条路向北延伸

9、延伸。7.The rumor 7.The rumor runsruns that he is going to resign.that he is going to resign.谣谣传传他要辞职了。他要辞职了。8.The monsoon had six weeks more to 8.The monsoon had six weeks more to runrun.雨季还要雨季还要持续持续六个星期。六个星期。第8页/共49页10run的译法的译法 9.The car repair will 9.The car repair will runrun you at least two hundr

10、ed.you at least two hundred.修车至少要修车至少要花掉花掉你两百元。你两百元。10.The play 10.The play ranran for only a week in that theatre.for only a week in that theatre.这部戏在那家剧院里只这部戏在那家剧院里只上演上演了一个星期。了一个星期。11.Potatoes are 11.Potatoes are runningrunning large this year.large this year.今年土豆今年土豆长长得很大个。得很大个。12.A freezer doesn

11、t cost much to 12.A freezer doesnt cost much to runrun.冰箱的冰箱的使用使用花费不大。花费不大。第9页/共49页11练习练习2:live的译法的译法 1.She needs to find somewhere to 1.She needs to find somewhere to livelive.她需要找个她需要找个住住的地方。的地方。2.Where do these plates 2.Where do these plates livelive?这些碟子这些碟子放放哪儿?哪儿?3.Spiders can 3.Spiders can li

12、ve live for several days without food.for several days without food.蜘蛛可以几天不吃东西还能蜘蛛可以几天不吃东西还能存活存活。4.We saw a real 4.We saw a real livelive rattlesnake!rattlesnake!我们看见了一条我们看见了一条活生生的活生生的响尾蛇。响尾蛇。第10页/共49页12live的译法的译法 5.The club has 5.The club has livelive music most nights.music most nights.这个俱乐部大多数晚上都

13、有这个俱乐部大多数晚上都有现场演奏的现场演奏的音乐。音乐。6.The show is going on 6.The show is going on livelive.这场演出正在这场演出正在实况实况直播。直播。7.Pollution is still very much a 7.Pollution is still very much a livelive issue.issue.污染仍然是目前非常污染仍然是目前非常让人关注的让人关注的问题。问题。8.This is a 8.This is a livelive and interesting book.and interesting boo

14、k.这是一本这是一本生动生动有趣的书。有趣的书。第11页/共49页13练习练习3:like的译法的译法1.He 1.He likeslikes mathematics more than physics.mathematics more than physics.他他喜欢喜欢数学甚于物理学。数学甚于物理学。2.Bananas dont 2.Bananas dont likelike me.me.我吃了香蕉我吃了香蕉肚子不舒服肚子不舒服。(香蕉不适我的肠胃。)。(香蕉不适我的肠胃。)3.It tastes 3.It tastes likelike a mango.a mango.其味其味如如芒果

15、。芒果。4.4.LikeLike charges repel;unlike charges attract.charges repel;unlike charges attract.相同的相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。第12页/共49页14like的译法的译法5.5.LikeLike knows knows likelike.英雄英雄识识英雄英雄。(惺惺相惜)。(惺惺相惜)6.6.LikeLike attracts attracts like like.物以物以类类聚。(臭味相投)聚。(臭味相投)7.7.LikeLike cures cures likelike.以

16、以毒毒攻攻毒毒。8.Ill see you 8.Ill see you likelike on Thursday.on Thursday.我我可能可能在星期四见你。在星期四见你。第13页/共49页15练习练习4:last的译法的译法1.He is the 1.He is the lastlast man to come.man to come.他是他是最后最后来的。来的。2.He is the 2.He is the lastlast man to do it.man to do it.他他决不会决不会干那种事。干那种事。3.He is the 3.He is the lastlast per

17、son for such a job.person for such a job.他他最不配最不配干这个工作。干这个工作。4.He should be the 4.He should be the lastlast man to blame.man to blame.怎么也怎么也不应该不应该怪他。怪他。第14页/共49页16last的译法的译法5.This is the 5.This is the lastlast place where I expected to meet you.place where I expected to meet you.真没想到真没想到在这里见到你。在这里见到

18、你。6.This is the 6.This is the lastlast place where I want to meet you.place where I want to meet you.最不想最不想在这里见到你。在这里见到你。7.He was a senator of the 7.He was a senator of the lastlast Congress.Congress.他是他是上届上届国会的议员。国会的议员。8.She is the 8.She is the lastlast wife in the world for a farmer.wife in the wo

19、rld for a farmer.她她最不适合最不适合做农民的妻子。做农民的妻子。第15页/共49页17last的译法的译法13.I hope Ive seen the 13.I hope Ive seen the lastlast of her.of her.我希望以后都我希望以后都不要再不要再见到她。见到她。14.These colors wont 14.These colors wont lastlast if exposed to the sun.if exposed to the sun.这些颜色在阳光暴晒下会这些颜色在阳光暴晒下会变浅变浅。15.This is a book tha

20、t will 15.This is a book that will lastlast.这是一本这是一本有生命力的有生命力的书。(这将是一本书。(这将是一本传世传世之作)之作)16.This money wont 16.This money wont lastlast me a whole week.me a whole week.这钱不这钱不够够我用一个星期。我用一个星期。第16页/共49页18 受原文表层语法结构的影响和字面意受原文表层语法结构的影响和字面意受原文表层语法结构的影响和字面意受原文表层语法结构的影响和字面意思的束缚,对约定俗成、固定搭配、成语思的束缚,对约定俗成、固定搭配、成

21、语思的束缚,对约定俗成、固定搭配、成语思的束缚,对约定俗成、固定搭配、成语等易产生望文生义的错误。等易产生望文生义的错误。等易产生望文生义的错误。等易产生望文生义的错误。1 1、避免望文生义、避免望文生义、避免望文生义、避免望文生义 第17页/共49页19例例例例1 1:the School of the the School of the AirAir【误误误误】空军空军空军空军学校学校学校学校 【正正正正】广播广播广播广播学校学校学校学校第18页/共49页20例例例例2 2:Thats a Thats a talltall story about story about the towns

22、 high street.the towns high street.有关这城主街的说法实在有关这城主街的说法实在有关这城主街的说法实在有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信令人难以置信令人难以置信令人难以置信。例例例例3 3:The The diedie is cast.is cast.木已成舟。木已成舟。木已成舟。木已成舟。第19页/共49页21例例例例4 4:“I will I will teach teach him to him to deceive others,”he deceive others,”he said.said.【误误误误】他说,他说,他说,他说,“我要我要我要我要教教

23、教教他去欺骗别人。他去欺骗别人。他去欺骗别人。他去欺骗别人。”【正正正正】他说,他说,他说,他说,“我要我要我要我要告诫告诫告诫告诫他不要骗人。他不要骗人。他不要骗人。他不要骗人。”第20页/共49页22例例例例5 5:Stop selling me to him.Stop selling me to him.【误误误误】不要把我不要把我不要把我不要把我卖给卖给卖给卖给他。他。他。他。【正正正正】别在他面前别在他面前别在他面前别在他面前夸夸夸夸我。我。我。我。第21页/共49页23 例例例例6 6:She has She has given heart togiven heart to him

24、.him.【误误误误】她她她她爱上爱上爱上爱上了他。了他。了他。了他。【正正正正】她她她她鼓励鼓励鼓励鼓励了他。了他。了他。了他。第22页/共49页24例例例例7 7:He didnt speak He didnt speak for longfor long.【误误误误】他他他他很久很久很久很久没有说话了。没有说话了。没有说话了。没有说话了。【正正正正】他说话他说话他说话他说话时间不长时间不长时间不长时间不长。第23页/共49页25例例例例8 8:I bought a tape-recorder I bought a tape-recorder for a for a songsong.【误

25、误误误】我买一台录音机我买一台录音机我买一台录音机我买一台录音机来听唱歌来听唱歌来听唱歌来听唱歌。【正正正正】我我我我廉价廉价廉价廉价买了一台录音机。买了一台录音机。买了一台录音机。买了一台录音机。第24页/共49页26 根据其主要词性、语法作用、词根据其主要词性、语法作用、词根据其主要词性、语法作用、词根据其主要词性、语法作用、词与词的搭配等来选择词义,用最恰当与词的搭配等来选择词义,用最恰当与词的搭配等来选择词义,用最恰当与词的搭配等来选择词义,用最恰当词汇表达再现原文。词汇表达再现原文。词汇表达再现原文。词汇表达再现原文。2 2、注重词性、注重词性、注重词性、注重词性 第25页/共49页

26、27例例例例1 1:Millet made a portrait of Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield,which Lady Chesterfield,which flatteredflattered her.her.【译文译文】米利特给柴斯特菲尔德贵妇人画了一幅米利特给柴斯特菲尔德贵妇人画了一幅像,这幅像很美,像,这幅像很美,简直超过简直超过了她本人。了她本人。A.A.动词动词动词动词 (Verbs)(Verbs)第26页/共49页28a)a)a)a)英语中有很多抽象名词,或由形容词、英语中有很多抽象名词,或由形容词、英语中有很多抽象名

27、词,或由形容词、英语中有很多抽象名词,或由形容词、动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词,动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词,动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词,动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词,用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的特征、具体的实例或抽象概念,翻译特征、具体的实例或抽象概念,翻译特征、具体的实例或抽象概念,翻译特征、具体的实例或抽象概念,翻译时可以具体化。时可以具体化。时可以具体化。时可以具体化。B.B.名词名词名词名词 (Nouns)(Nouns)第27页/共49页29例例1:Her grace

28、 was a delight.【译文译文】她她风度优雅风度优雅,很讨人喜欢。很讨人喜欢。例例2:There was a pleasant freshness of spring everywhere.【译文译文】处处洋溢着春色宜人的处处洋溢着春色宜人的清新气息清新气息。第28页/共49页30例例3:You might well have spared yourself the trouble.【译文译文】你大可不必你大可不必多此一举多此一举。小节结束第29页/共49页31例例1:Jane used to be ill,but shes as right as rain now.【译文译文】珍妮

29、曾经有病,可现在珍妮曾经有病,可现在身体很好身体很好。C.C.形容词、副词形容词、副词形容词、副词形容词、副词 (Adjectives&Adverbs)(Adjectives&Adverbs)翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所修饰的主体名词,翻译副词时可添加修饰修饰的主体名词,翻译副词时可添加修饰修饰的主体名词,翻译副词时可添加修饰修饰的主体名词,翻译副词时可添加修饰谓语动词的程度副词。谓语动词的程度副词。谓语动词的程度副词。谓语动词的程度副词。第30页/共49页32例例2:Im quite well

30、 able to take care of myself.【译文译文】我我完全完全能照顾我自己。能照顾我自己。例例3:He laughed shallowly.【译文译文】他他勉强勉强笑了一下。笑了一下。小节结束第31页/共49页33 介词(短语)或译为动词,或译为介词(短语)或译为动词,或译为介词(短语)或译为动词,或译为介词(短语)或译为动词,或译为名词,或译为形容词,还可译为句子。名词,或译为形容词,还可译为句子。名词,或译为形容词,还可译为句子。名词,或译为形容词,还可译为句子。D.D.介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语 (Prepositional Phrases)(Prepositi

31、onal Phrases)第32页/共49页34例例3:He was at once a soldier and a writer.【误误】他他立即立即成为一个军人和一位作家了。成为一个军人和一位作家了。【正正】他是一个军人,他是一个军人,同时同时又是一个作家。又是一个作家。小节结束第33页/共49页35例例2:Because he has caught cold he is not at home today.【误误】他因为感冒了,所以今天不他因为感冒了,所以今天不在家在家。【正正】他今天感冒了,不能他今天感冒了,不能接见客人接见客人。第34页/共49页36 例例1:I went to my

32、 medical man when I fancy Im ill.He is an old chum of mine,and feels my pulse,and looks at my tongue,talks about the weather,all for nothing.【译文译文】我觉得自己生病了,就去找我的医生,他是我的我觉得自己生病了,就去找我的医生,他是我的一个老朋友,他给我把脉、看舌头、还和我谈一个老朋友,他给我把脉、看舌头、还和我谈论天气,论天气,不收我一分钱不收我一分钱。第35页/共49页37 3 3、立足三、立足三、立足三、立足三“意意意意”每一个词汇都有:每一个词汇

33、都有:基本意义(基本意义(basic meaningbasic meaning)衍生意义(衍生意义(derivative derivative meaningmeaning)搭配意义(搭配意义(collocative collocative meaningmeaning)第36页/共49页38例例1:kill1)They killed a bottle of whisky between them.【译文译文】他们两人他们两人喝完喝完了一瓶威士忌酒。了一瓶威士忌酒。2)He killed ten good years on that job.【译文译文】他在那件工作上他在那件工作上浪费浪费了整

34、整了整整10年。年。3)Her bright red hat killed the quiet colour of her dress.【译文译文】她戴着一顶红色的帽子,这和她一身的素她戴着一顶红色的帽子,这和她一身的素装装很不相称很不相称。4)These flowers kill easily.【译文译文】这些花很容易这些花很容易枯死枯死。5)The funny play nearly killed me.【译文译文】这出有趣的戏几乎把我这出有趣的戏几乎把我笑死笑死。第37页/共49页396)That bus ride every day kills off all of my energy

35、.【译文译文】每天坐那趟公共汽车使我每天坐那趟公共汽车使我筋疲力尽筋疲力尽。7)This carpet kills the sound of footsteps.【译文译文】这条地毯这条地毯听不到听不到脚步声。脚步声。8)The bill was killed in the House.【译文译文】议案在议会议案在议会被否决了被否决了。9)That has killed her affection.【译文译文】那件事那件事使使她的感情她的感情变冷淡了变冷淡了。10)Care killed a cat.【译文译文】忧虑忧虑伤伤身身谚语谚语第38页/共49页40 “瞻前瞻前瞻前瞻前”指看词的前缀,

36、指看词的前缀,指看词的前缀,指看词的前缀,“顾后顾后顾后顾后”指看指看指看指看词的后缀,即观察派生词的词义。派生词的后缀,即观察派生词的词义。派生词的后缀,即观察派生词的词义。派生词的后缀,即观察派生词的词义。派生词由词根、前缀、后缀组成,这是词由词根、前缀、后缀组成,这是词由词根、前缀、后缀组成,这是词由词根、前缀、后缀组成,这是 “扩扩扩扩大词汇的三把钥匙大词汇的三把钥匙大词汇的三把钥匙大词汇的三把钥匙”。4 4、瞻前顾后、瞻前顾后、瞻前顾后、瞻前顾后 第39页/共49页41例例1:pure1)Pure water is useful.【译文译文】纯净水纯净水有用。有用。2)This is

37、 purely water.【译文译文】这这不过不过是水。是水。3)Purify the water before drinking it.【译文译文】请将水请将水净化净化后饮用。后饮用。4)Purified water is useful.【译文译文】净化了的净化了的水有用。水有用。第40页/共49页42例例2:like1)All music is alike to Tom.【译文译文】汤姆汤姆不懂不懂音乐。音乐。2)That,I think,is hardly likely.【译文译文】我想那不大我想那不大可能可能。3)Mans life is often likened to sea v

38、oyage.【译文译文】人生常被人生常被比作比作海上航行。海上航行。4)His likeness to his brother was remarkable.【译文译文】他他长像长像酷酷似似他兄弟。他兄弟。5)Things cannot be always to ones liking.【译文译文】事情不会总是事情不会总是称心如意的称心如意的。6)Like likes like.【译文译文】物以类聚。物以类聚。小节结束第41页/共49页43 5 5、看词在句中的位置、看词在句中的位置、看词在句中的位置、看词在句中的位置 确定词义要看词在句子中的位置,确定词义要看词在句子中的位置,前后的前后的“

39、邻居邻居”等,位置改变,意思随等,位置改变,意思随之而改变,邻居不同,词义不同。之而改变,邻居不同,词义不同。第42页/共49页44 例例1:only 1)He only loves her.【译文译文】他他只是爱只是爱她。她。2)He loves her only.【译文译文】他他只爱她只爱她(他爱的只是她)。(他爱的只是她)。3)Only he loves her.【译文译文】只有只有他爱她。他爱她。4)He loves his only wife.【译文译文】他爱他他爱他惟一的惟一的妻子。妻子。第43页/共49页45例例2:naturally1)They are behaving nat

40、urally.【译文译文】他们举止他们举止自然自然。2)Naturally,they are behaving well.【译文译文】当然当然,他们表现很好。,他们表现很好。3)She is naturally gentle.【译文译文】她她天生天生就温柔。就温柔。第44页/共49页46例例3:happily1)He did not die happily.【译文译文】他死得不他死得不安心安心。2)Happily,he did not die.【译文译文】庆幸的庆幸的是,他没死。是,他没死。第45页/共49页47例例4:foolishly1)He always spoke foolishly.【译文译文】他一向他一向不善于不善于言谈。言谈。2)Foolishly he spoke at that moment.【译文译文】他在那一刻开口说话,真是他在那一刻开口说话,真是愚蠢愚蠢。第46页/共49页48例例5:quite properly 1)Quite properly he was punished.【译文译文】他受处分是理所当然的。他受处分是理所当然的。2)He was punished quite properly.【译文译文】他受到了恰当的处分。他受到了恰当的处分。第47页/共49页49第48页/共49页

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