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1、情态动词学习六要素情态动词学习六要素一、注意情态动词的推测用法一、注意情态动词的推测用法推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表 情态动词情态动词 含义含义 适用句型适用句型 适用句型适用句型 可能，或许可能，或许 肯定句肯定句 Must 一定，必须一定，必须 肯定句肯定句 Can/could 可能，或许可能，或许 否定句，疑问句否定句，疑问句 例1：-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000)A.must B.would C.shouldD.m
2、ight析：选析：选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把握的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用性就比较小了，故不用must应用应用might例例 2：-_the news be true?No,it_be true.A.Can,cant B.May,cantC.May,may not D.Must,mustntuu析：析：选选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might 和和must，应而用，应而用can和和cant。二、了解情态动词的完成式
3、用法（一）should/ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例例1：I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94)A.had to write it outB.must have written it outC.should have written it outD.ought to write it out析：析：选选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应面告知，却
4、有没书面告知之，显得应使用使用should/ought to have written表示遗憾之情。表示遗憾之情。例例2：I was really anxious about you,you_home without a word.(NMET2001)A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave 析析:选选B。由语境可知，我真的为你担心，由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填填shou
5、ldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。，表示责备。（二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做cant have done不可能做例例1：-Where is my pen?-I _it.(NMET88)A.might lose B.wouldnt have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost例2：The light in his room is still on,so he _ to bed.A.mustnt have goneB.must have goneC.shouldnt h
6、ave gone D.cant have gone析：选析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填应填cant have gone。（三）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄你至少可以寄5张明张明信片的。信片的。四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：could,would,might等情态动等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客
7、气、礼貌，而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如如would you please,would you mind,would you like to等，等，might还可以用于肯定句表示还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，推测，表示可能性小，might和和could表示征求对方意见时，回答表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成必须还成may,can.例例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you_.A.mightB.will C.canD.should析：选析：选C。该句用。该句
8、用can的委婉表达式的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，来征求对方意见，could 和和might通用，但回答时必须还成通用，但回答时必须还成can或或may，因此该题不选，因此该题不选A.例例2：_you mind my smoking here?A.ShouldB Could C.MightD.Would析：选析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式委婉的表达方式would you mind来征求对方意见。来征求对方意见。五、弄清情态动词的异化现象五、弄清情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回
9、答时，有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。而改用别的动词。例例1：-Must I start at once?No,you_.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont析：析：A。由语境可知该答句表示。由语境可知该答句表示“不必不必”，而，而mustnt表示表示“不准、禁止不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示表示“不必不必”，但肯定句回答继续用，但肯定句回答继续用must。例例2：-Need I hand in m
10、y exercise book at once?Yes,you_.A.mustB.need C.canD.will析：选析：选A。根据规定。根据规定need用于一般疑问用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定而作否定回答时，使用回答时，使用need的否定式的否定式neednt。六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：请看下表：情态动词情态动词 含义含义 征求意见使用征求意见使用人称人称 can/could 可以可以各
11、种人称各种人称may/might 可以可以各种人称各种人称will/would 愿意愿意第二人称第二人称shall 需要需要第一、第三人第一、第三人称称must 必须必须各种人称各种人称need 需要需要各种人称各种人称 例1：-_I tell John about it?-No,you neednt.I have told him already.(NMET94)A.ShallB.Will C.CanD.May析：选析：选A。从回答句。从回答句“No,you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求对方的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示意见，表示“需要需要”而且用语第一人而且用语第一人称，要使用称
12、，要使用shall。例2：_you please help me with my English?A.WouldB.Do C.ShallD.Can析：析：A。次句表示追求对方意见，有。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意愿意”之意，而且又用于地二之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用人称，应选用would。1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will2.How _ you say that
13、you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.may3.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoBAB4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would5.Is John comin
14、g by train?-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may6.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont beC.couldt be D.mustnt beCDC7.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats
15、until all the paper have been collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall8.I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?-Yes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should9.Oh,Im feeling well in the stomach,I _ so much fried chicken jusf now.A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eatenC.shouldnt have e
16、aten D.mustnt eatDBC10.I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt leave11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would12.Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.
17、I should C.I will D.I canBCC13.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A.can B.should C.may D.must14.Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yester
18、day afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attendedADA16.Sorry,Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will17.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,b
19、ut why didnt you?A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have18.When can I come for the photes?I need them tomorrow afternoom.-They _ be ready by by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.needADB19.I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stayC.wou
20、ld stay D.must have stayed20.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could21.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustnt have arrived B.shouldnt have arrivedC.cant have arrived D.neednt have arrivedA CC22.When he was there,
21、he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.A.would B.should C.had better D.might23.Sir,you _ be sitting in this waiting room.It is for woman and children only.A.oughtnt to B.cant C.wont D.neednt24.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.can25.
22、I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared sayAADC26.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it outC.should have written it out D.ought to write it out27.Michael _ be a policeman,for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.mayCBGood-bye