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1、2021 年西安市东方中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A There are different types of money-saving apps,such as JD Finance,YuE Bao,Ant Financial,and all of them work in different ways.Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money
2、.Capital One Shopping Capital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online.As you add items to your cart at an online seller,this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码).You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available
3、 codes tosave.You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops.Paribus Theres nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later.Wouldnt it be nice to get that money back?Now you can.Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your p
4、urchases from major stores and discussing refunds.It also helps you get compensated(补偿)for late deliveries and makes sure you dont leave it too late to return anything you bought.Digit If you cant figure out how much you can afford to save,Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain
5、amount to your savings.If the appknows you have spare money to save,then it will be moved automatically,and if you dont,it will stop,so theres no risk of being left with no cash for the basics.You can sign up for a free trial for a month,and after that,the monthly service charge is$5.1.If you want y
6、our money back,what app will you choose?A.Digit.B.Paribus.C.YuE Bao.D.Capital One Shopping.2.What can you do by using Digit?A.Offer the most favorable price.B.Track detailed information of goods.C.Analyze spending habits to save money.D.Compare prices of products while shopping.3.What is the purpose
7、 of the text?A.To introduce useful apps for saving money.B.To advertise various products online.C.To improve the power of spending.D.To help to manage spare money.B Why isnt science better?Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those
8、 people whose work involves providing a social good.Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents.Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis.And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skep
9、tical of methods.All too often,however,what should be just isnt so.In a number of scientific fields,published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制),or to have smaller effects than,what was initially claimed.Plenty of science does replicate meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repea
10、t them-but the amount that doesnt is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong.Running studies with small samples,mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiments results after the fact are just some of the way
11、s to increase the number of false discoveries.Its not like we dont know how to do better.Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades.Unfortunately,their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why?Why arent scientific methods better than they are?In a word:incentive
12、s.But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s,psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making.For example,when public schools are evaluated by students performance on standardized tests,teachers respond by teaching“to th
13、e test”.In turn,the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principleoften summarized as“when a measure becomes a target,it ceases to be a good measure”playing out in the realm of research.Science is a competitive enterprise.There are far more
14、credentialed(授以证书的)scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions.Once someone acquires a research position,there is additional competition for tenure grant funding,and support and placement for graduate students.Due to this competition
15、 for resources,scientists must be evaluated and compared.How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals,as well as the status of those journals.Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose w
16、ork may otherwise be quite different.Unfortunately,this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals,we might expect them to actively try to game the system.And certainly,some doas seen in recent high-profile cases of s
17、cientific fraud(欺诈).If malicious fraud is the prime concern,then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However,most scientists are,I believe,genuinely interested in learning about the world,and honest.The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intenti
18、on on the part of individuals.4.Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A.Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B.The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C.Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments results.D.The
19、amount of science that does replicate is comforting.5.What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A.The public.B.The incentive initiators.C.The peer researchers.D.The high-impact journal editors.6.Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A.Good scientists excel in s
20、eeking resources and securing research positions.B.Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C.All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D.The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.7.Acc
21、ording to the author,what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A.High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B.The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C.Researchers are motivated to get actively i
22、nvolved in gaming the current system.D.Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.C Most people around the world are right-handed.This also seems to be true in history.In 1799,scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C.to the 1950s.
23、Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed,so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history.Today,only about 10%to 15%of the worlds population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones?Scientists now know that a pe
24、rsons two hands each have their own jobs.For most people,the left hand is used to find things or hold things.The right hand is used to work with things.This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain.The right side of the brain,which makes a persons hands and eyes work together,c
25、ontrols the left hand.The left-side of the brain,which controls the right hand,is the centre for thinking and doing problems.These findings show that more artists should be left-handed,and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No one r
26、eally knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed.Scientists have found that almost 40%of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born.However,this doesnt happen to everyone,so scientists guess there must be another reason why people b
27、ecome left-handed.One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents.If a person does not receive the gene(基因)for right-handedness,he/she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more commo
28、n than left-handedness,people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual.A long time ago,left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children,but today they dont have to.8.After studying works of art made at different times in history,the scientists found _.A.th
29、e art began from 1,500 B.C.B.the works of art ended in the 1950s C.most people shown in the works of art are right-handed D.most people shown in the works of art are left-handed 9.What is the left hand for most people used to do?A.Its used to find or hold things.B.Its used to work with things.C.Its
30、used to make a persons eyes work together.D.Its the centre for thinking and doing problems.10.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B.Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.C.Today children are not made to
31、 use their right hands only.D.Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.11.The best title for this passage is _.A.Scientists New Inventions B.Left-handed People C.Which Hand D.Different Brains,Different Hands D We touch our faces all the time,and it had never seemed to
32、 be a big problemuntil COVID-19 arrived.Touching our facesthe T-zone of our eyes,nose and mouth in particularcan mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.This is why organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)have suggested that we avoid touching our faces.Just stop this sim
33、ple behavior,William Sawyer,founder of Henry the Hand,a nonprofit organization that promotes hand hygiene(卫生),told The Washington Post.Its the one behavior that would be better than any vaccine(疫苗)ever created.Yet,stopping this simple behavior might be harder than you think because its already hardw
34、ired(固定存在于)into our system.Some face touchingis an automatic reflex(反射)like when there is an itch(痒)on your nose,youll scratch(挠)it without thinking.According to CNBC,a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stress and regulate emotions.For example,youre more likely to do it w
35、hen you feel awkward or embarrassed.According to Dacher Keltner,a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley,US,this action may also come with a social function:When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject,for example,touching your face is like the curtains on a stage,cl
36、osing up one act of the social drama,ushering(引导)in the next,Keltner told the BBC.Moreover,face-touching in almost all of these occasions is subconscious,which means its very hard to change because you dont even know youre doing it,said Sawyer.But youre not alone.In a 2015 study,wherea group of medi
37、cal students were filmed in class,it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 times an hourwith 44 percent of the touches being in the T-zones.That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.Since its so hard to shake the habit,maybe the easiest w
38、ay is to wash our hands more often.This way,we can be sure that our hands are free from the novel coronavirus.12.What do the first two paragraphs talk about?A.The best way to fight COVID-19 B.How organizations are fighting COVID-19.C.Typical hand hygiene problems in the fight against COVID-19.D.The
39、necessity to avoid touching our faces to fight COVID-19.13.Why is it hard for people to stop touching their faces?A.It makes people feel more confident.B.Many are unaware of this behaviors risks.C.They usually do it automatically and subconsciously D.Many think the action helps them express their em
40、otions.14.Which of the following is a social function of touching faces,according to the text?A.Using it as a sign to change the topic B.Bringing a conversation to an end.C.Showing an interest in the ongoing subject.D.Making others feel relaxed while talking.15.What is the authors purpose in mention
41、ing a 2015 study on a group of medical students?A.To give tips on how to stop touching faces.B.To prove that it is common for people to touch their faces.C.To show it is impossible to shake the habit of touching your face.D.To show how hygiene awareness helps people avoid touching their faces.第二节（共
42、5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 When you are looking for a new job,youll probably get a lot of advice from the Internet and well-meaning friends._16_Some of it may even hurt your chances.Weve clarified a few of the most common misbeliefs about job hunting so you can fi
43、nd your new position quickly without lowering your standards._17_Having a college degree shows that you put in hard work and effort,but it doesnt lock you into one specific career.If you take a completely different career path,consider getting experience in your new field of choice with an internshi
44、p(实习)or vocational classes.You dont need to be perfect to apply.If you meet some of the requirements that the job asks for,take a chance?Its pretty rare for a company to find someone who meets all the requirements.Of course,there are some things that companies wont bend on,or give in,like experience
45、 or skills._18_ Temporary jobs dont necessarily mean dead-ends._19_Usually,companies are cautious about hiring new people,so they use temporary jobs to test the waters first.If you come across a suitable temporary job,consider applying to get your foot in the door.Your personality is no less importa
46、nt than your qualification.You may have gone to a top school and have years of experience._20_Do your best to make a good impression by being polite and kind during your interview.A.However,it never hurts to try.B.Some may turn into long-term or full-time work.C.Your college degree determines your c
47、areer path.D.You dont have to work in the field your degree is in.E.While the advice can sometimes be helpful,a lot of it is contradictory.F.Therefore,they will save companies the trouble of training new employees.G.But,if your attitude doesnt match the company culture,you wont be employed.第二部分 语言运用
48、（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 My grandmother stayed in the nursing home for five years._21_all of the elders that I got to spend time with there,I couldnt_22_what it was been like for them without any visitors at all.I felt it was so_23_,of cour
49、se.That day,Isaw an old_24_alone on a bench,in the front entrance hall of the nursing home.Earlier he had been trying to_25_Jean with one leg,from his wheelchair.Jean is a woman who had cerebral palsy(中风)and couldnt_26_alone in her wheelchair.I asked if they would mind my pushing Jean the rest of th
50、e_27_.Jean said,“Yes,please!The old man smiled and said,“Thank you.”Then I praised him for his_28_and pushed Jean back to her_29_down the hall.Now,this same man was_30_on the bench and as I got closer,he_31_me and smiled.I realized he had only one leg which was dry and a little dirty.Maybe because o