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1、1英语词类的变化形式有：1名词、代词的数、格、性的变化。2形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化。3动词的人称、时态、语态和语气的变化。十大词类：noun,pronoun,adjective,adverb,numeral,verb,article,preposition,conjunction,interjectionnotionalword实词formword虚词第1页/共29页2九种句子成分宾语补足语（objectcomplement）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)同位语主语
2、补足语第2页/共29页3九种句子成分主语（subject）：谓语（predicate）：表语（predicative）：宾语（object）：是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。(n.,pron.,todo,doingandthat-clause)说明主语所发出的动作或从的状态。(verbs)放在连系动词之后，表示主语的身分、状态或特征。(n.,pron.,adj.,adverbsforplaces,prepositionalphrases,tododoing,doneandthat-clause.)在及物动词或介词之后。(n,pron,todo,doingandthat-clause.)
3、第3页/共29页4宾语补足语（objectcomplement）：定语（attribute）：状语(adverbial)：限定或修饰名词或代词。adj.,adverbsforplaces,pron,n.,prepositionalphrases,todo,doing,doneandthat-clauses.修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。adv.,prepositionalphrases,todo,doingdoneandthat-clauses.说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或宾语发出的动作。（adj.,n,adverbsforplaces,todo,doinganddone）同位语：补充说明
4、前面的某个名词或代词。（n.orthat-clauses）e.g.Myfather,adoctor,isverykind.第4页/共29页5Practice:Analyzethefollowingsentences.1.The farmers dont stay long in the same places.2.We are having a wonderful time.3.Its dangerous to swim in the river.4.I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor
5、.5.Im going to move to another city next month.6.Thank you for writing to me.7.It was lovely to hear from you.8.Have you anything to say about this question?9.Its getting dark.第5页/共29页6短语、句子、从句短语：具有一定意义的一组词，可作为句子的一个成分。英语中有下列几种短语：1.不定式短语2.ing短语3.过去分词短语4.介词短语5.名词短语e.g.HelikestowatchTVwhilehavinglunch.
6、e.g.Isawmanypeoplestandingbythelake.e.g.Givenmoretime,Iwoulddoitbetter.e.g.Withhishelp,Ihavefinishedwritingthepoem.e.g.darkbluesky/atruestory/themostwonderfulmoment第6页/共29页7从句(clause)含有主谓结构的一组词，在句子中作一个成分，一般由连接词、关系代词或关系副词引导。e.g.Ifyouwanttosaysomething,sayitclearly.从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句形容词性从句：定
7、语从句副词性从句：状语从句第7页/共29页8句子：sentence含有主谓结构的一组词，有比较完整的意义。从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：简单句：并列句：复合句：只有一个主谓结构的句子。由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。含有一个主句和一个或更多的从句。句子的类型e.g.ThiskindofcomputercouldbemadeinChinaevenintheseventies.e.g.IaskedDickforsomehelp,buthecouldntdoit,either.e.g.Theyweredeeplymovedbywhattheysawandheardthere.第8页
8、/共29页9Pickoutthesentences:1.The first thing we should do is to solve the problem at once.2.His returning to our country.3.Names of villages and small towns.4.Take care of yourself when you are away from home.5.To discover the secret of the nature.6.In this restaurant the food is good,but the service
9、 is poor.7.The thought of her own plan8.Bought a ticket from the conductor.9.Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives?第9页/共29页10Pointoutthetypeofeachsentence:1.Let him have a rest.2.The boy is clever yet he is not diligent.3.Either you are right
10、or I am.4.My classmates and I study and play together.5.He once lived and worked there.6.No one can reply whether it will rain tomorrow.7.It seemed that they had lost something.8.The lessons he taught were important.9.Dont miss the chance,or you will regret it.10.I began to go to school at the age o
11、f six.第10页/共29页11从说话人的目的来看，句子可分为：陈术句：疑问句：祈使句：感叹句：陈述一项事实。提出问题。表示请求、建议和命令。表示强烈的情感。e.g.Whatalovelyday!句子的种类Howstupidyouare!第11页/共29页12Pointoutthekindofeachsentence:1.Be quiet.Lets begin our meeting.2.I enjoy the quietness of the country.3.What a wonderful birthday I am having!4.Do these chocolates belo
12、ng to us?5.How disappointed Jenny was!6.Something must be done to stop pollution.7.Miss Lin went to Hong Kong for a holiday.8.Take an umbrella along;its likely to rain.9.Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives.第12页/共29页13词类和句子成分是不同的概念。同一个词类可以在句中
13、充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。英语中的六种基本句型基本句型一：主系表基本句型二：主谓基本句型三：主谓宾基本句型四：主谓间宾直宾基本句型六：Therebe+主语+状语基本句型五：主+谓+宾+宾补第13页/共29页141.主系表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分类：1.be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,seem等表示情况；2.get,grow,become,turn，fall等表示变化；3.stand,
14、lie等表示位置。注：be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。第14页/共29页15e.g.1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Itsgettingcolderandcolder.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.7.Ourwellhasgonedry.8.Hisfaceturnedred.第15页/共29页162.主谓（vi
15、.）e.g.1.The sun was shining.2.The moon rose.3.Who cares?4.What he said does not matter.5.They talked for half an hour.6.The pen writes smoothly 特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第16页/共29页173.主谓宾（vt.）特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.1.Whoknowst
16、heanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Theyatewhatwasleftover.4.Somepeopleliketocommunicatebytelephone.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.第17页/共29页184.主谓间宾直宾特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者物，另一个是动作的间接承受者人。通常间接宾语用一个介词来连接，当间接宾语在直接宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。e.g.1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Sheorderedanewdressforhe
17、rself.2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.Shecookedadeliciousmealforherhusband.3.Igavemycarawash.Igiveawashtomycar.第18页/共29页193.Hebroughtyouadictionary.4.IshowedhimthearticleIhadwritten.5.Mymothermademeanewshirt.6.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.7.Fiction(suchasshortstoriesornovels)canteachusmoreaboutlife
18、thantextbookscan.第19页/共29页205.主+谓+宾+宾补特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。e.g.1.Theyappointedhimmanager.2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.3.Thissetthemthinking.4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?6.Wesawhimout.7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.第20页/共29页216
19、.Therebe+主语+状语该句型表示在某处有某人或物,某个时间有某种活动。重点表示“存在”。表示存在的连系动词可用于此句型中。Therestandsatalltreeontopofthehill.Therewillbeaneveningpartyon15ththismonth.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithhim.Look!Thereliesaletterontheground.第21页/共29页22e.g.1.Wefoundthehallfull.2.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.3.Wefoundth
20、egreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.4.WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），
21、也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）、句子。第22页/共29页23不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样e.g.1.Hesgettingangry.2.Hegottoschoolearly.3.Youllgetasurprise.4.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.5.Hegothimselfintotrouble.6.Hegotherasplendidpresent.第23页/共29页24e.g.1.Ifoundthebookeasily.2.Ifoundthebookeasy.3.Ihavetodosomething.4.Ihavesomethingto
22、do.在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思第24页/共29页25Analyzethefollowingsentences.1.To save money,they decided to eat take-away food instead of going to a big restaurant.2.The rich old couple had their house broken into and lots of things stolen when they were not in.3.Whether they will come doesnt matter too much.4
23、.Its important for Americans to thank other people for a favor even if what the other people did was very small.5.Nobody but the professor and his assistants knows the results.第25页/共29页26词序1.定语的位置：单词作定语，一般放在被修饰词之前，短语和从句作定语则放在被修饰词之后。注意：表示位置的副词作定语时位于被修饰词之后。e.g.Theschoollibraryhasmanybooksonhistory.Ili
24、kethebookyousentme.Hissisterworksinthehospitalnearby.第26页/共29页27状语的位置：修饰形容词或副词的状语，一般放在被修饰词之前；修饰动词的状语大部分放在动词之后，有些表示时间频度的副词(often,usually,seldom,always,constantly),放在实义动词之前,助动词、连系动词、情态动词之后。还有一些可放在句首或句末。地点状语放在时间状语之前，小地点放在大地点之前，小时间放在大时间之前。e.g.Iknowhimwell.Thestudentsoftenhavediscussiononcurrentaffairs.I
25、likethemovieverymuch.Doyoureallywantit?IhopeJimwillcometoSwitzerlandinthesummer.第27页/共29页28TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1.昨天你在街上遇见了谁？2.坐在左边的那个人两分钟前离开了。3.这些天很冷。当心别感冒了。4.在昨天的报纸上有一些重要新闻。5.一些法国人将在一月20日上午到达。6.那边要盖什么？Whomdidyoumeetinthestreetyesterday?Thepersonwhosatontheleftlefttwominutesago.Itsbeencoldthesedays.Takecarenottocatchcold.Therewassomeimportantnewsinyesterdaysnewspaper.SomeFrenchwillarriveonthemorningofJanuary20th.Whatwillbebuiltoverthere?第28页/共29页29感谢您的观看！第29页/共29页