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1、Chapter oneManuscript Form and Punctuation(文稿格式和标点符号)第1页/共46页一、一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement 2.Word division3.Capitalization4.Handwriting 第2页/共46页一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement(1).two centimeters at the top(2).two centimeters at the bottom(3).one and a half centimeters on the left(4).one and a ha
2、lf centimeters on the right 第3页/共46页1.Arrangement 一、Manuscript Form 第4页/共46页 一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement第5页/共46页一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement(title)(5).The title or topic should be placed in the middle of the first line.(6).Every word of the title(including words following hyphens in compound
3、words)should be capitalized,except articles,preposition,coordinating conjunctions and infinitives.(7)The first or last word of the title should be capitalized.第6页/共46页一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement(title)ExamplesMy Impressions of BeijingThe Wall Between Where Do All the New Words Come From?What Tra
4、ditions Mean to the ChineseA clean,Well-Lighted PlaceDifferent Views on Jane EyreInterpretations of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice第7页/共46页 Task 1:Capitalize the following titles(p2)1.where i lived,and what i lived for2.are transgenic crops safe?3.well-known dramatists of the ming dynasty4.a day to remem
5、ber5.approaches to teaching english as a foreign language6.criticisms on the ending of mark twains adventures of huckleberry finn一、Manuscript Form1.Arrangement(title)第8页/共46页Answers to task 1 1.Where I Lived,and What I Lived For 2.Are Transgenic Crops Safe?3.Well-Known Dramatists of the Ming Dynasty
6、4.A Day to Remember5.Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language6.Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn第9页/共46页一、Manuscript Form 1.Arrangement(8).The first line of every paragraph should be indented(started after a space of four or five letters)(9).Arabic nu
7、merals are generally used for paging.They can be put either in the upper right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page.第10页/共46页 1.Arrangement(10)attention:Never begin with a comma(,),a period(.),a colon(:),a question mark(?),an exclamation mark(!)Never ends with 【“(-一、Manuscr
8、ipt Form 第11页/共46页2.Word division(1).one syllable cannot be divided 单音节(2).two or more syllables 双/多音节 a stressed close syllable usually takes a consonant with it dedicate-le is treated as a syllable people a single letter cannot be put at the end or begining of a line evoke,hearty Two-letter ending
9、 should not be put ar the begining of a line handed harden 一、Manuscript Form 第12页/共46页2.Word division(1).one syllable cannot be divided 单音节(2).two or more syllables 双/多音节divisions that may mislead the readers should be avoided layman words with hyphens should be divided only at phens broken-hearted
10、two-syllable words with double consonant in the middle are as rule divided between the two consonants struggle divisons of proper names should be avoided.Paris一、Manuscript Form 第13页/共46页3.Capitalization (1).proper names (2).key words in titles (3).the first words of sentences一、Manuscript Form 第14页/共
11、46页4.Handwriting(1)little space(about one letter)after a comma,and a slightly bigger space(about two letters)after a full stop.(2)draw a think line through a word to cross out it.(3)write an added word above with a clear sign showing where it is to be inserted.一、Manuscript Form 第15页/共46页二、Punctuatio
12、n The comma(,)The period(.)The dash/hyphen(-)The semicolon(;)The colon(:)The question mark(?)The exclamation mark(!)Quotation mark(“”)Parentheses/brackets()Square brackets(【】)第16页/共46页 (1).A comma is used to join clauses.It is put before the conjunction(and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet)(2).A comma is used
13、after an adverbial clause or phrase.(3).Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.1.The Comma(,)二、Punctuation 第17页/共46页 (4).Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by commas.(5).Commas set off parenthetical elements.(6).In dates,a comma is
14、 used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year,no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year.(7).Numbers 1,253,900 53,807,214二、Punctuation 1.The Comma(,)第18页/共46页2.The Period(.)(1).used at the end of a declarative sentence,a mildly imperative sentence,and an indirect qu
15、estion(2).Abbreviations U.S.A.a.m.(3).Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark二、Punctuation 第19页/共46页3.The Dash/Hyphen(-)(1).indicates a break in thought or a change in tone,or a speakers confusion or hesitatione.g.Many people went there-did you go?(2).indicates an unfinished or interrupted state
16、mente.g.He is making preparations for-For going abroad?二、Punctuation 第20页/共46页3.The Dash/Hyphen(-)(3).a pair of dashes set off a parenthetical elemente.g.All his belongings-a few articles of clothing and a few books-are here.(4).introduce a summarizing clause after a series of nounse.g.Bob,Lily,Judy
17、-none of them know where he is.(5)used like quotation marks in a dialogue.(6)introduce subheading and authors after quotation二、Punctuation 第21页/共46页Task 2:punctuate the following passages.(P6)1.most american people are fond of cats and or dogs it is said that every year they spend about$5.4billion o
18、n their pets including$1.5 billion on pet food four times the amount of money they spend on baby food now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour二、Punctuation 第22页/共46页 1.Most American people are fond of c
19、ats and/or dogs.It is said that every year they spend about$5.4billion on their pets,including$1.5 billion on pet food-four times the amount of money they spend on baby food.Now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country;the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are bor
20、n every hour.Answers to task 2第23页/共46页4.The Semicolon(;)(1).between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction.(2).conjunctive adverbs(3).used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctuation.e.g.He wrote a few good books when he was young and poor;but after he beca
21、me famous and rich,he wrote nothing wroth reading.二、Punctuation 第24页/共46页4.The Semicolon(;)(4).separate a series of items with internal commase.g.Among those who joined the discussion were Miss Wu,a well-known writer;Mr.Li,editor of the literary supplement of the local newspaper;Dr.Qian,a professor
22、of literary criticism;and Ms.Sun,a famous historian.二、Punctuation 第25页/共46页5.The Colon(:)(1).introduce a quotation or a statement(2)introduce an explanation,a summary or an appositive(3)used between hour and the minute to show the time8:30 二、Punctuation 第26页/共46页 2.its 745 on tuesday morning and 26
23、year old steve clerkson is going to work he puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone paper and laptop as he leaves the house he turns on his mp3 player and put on his headphones he is ready to go二、Punctuation Task 2:punctuate the following passages.(P6)第27页/共46页 2.Its 7:45 on Tuesday morning a
24、nd 26-year-old Steve Clerkson is going to work.He puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone,paper,and laptop.As he leaves the house,he turns on his MP3 player and put on his headphones.He is ready to go.Answers to task 2第28页/共46页6.The Question Mark(?)(1).used after a direct question(2)after a s
25、tatement turned into a question e.g.You like it?(3)put between parentheses indicates the writers uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word,figure,or date.e.g.Cao Xueqin,was born in an aristocratic family in 1715(?),and died in poverty in 1764(?).二、Punctuation 第29页/共46页7.The Exclamation
26、 Mark(!)(1).used after an exclamatory sentence,or an emphatic interjection,or a phrase expressing strong emotion.(2)Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.二、Punctuation 第30页/共46页8.The Quotation Marks(“”)(1).double quotation marks:enclose direct quotations (indirect quotation are not e
27、nclosed by quotations marks)(2).single quotation marks:enclose a quotation within a quotation e.g.The professor said,“Confucius says,Do not impose on others what you do not desire yourself.This is a very good principle of moral conduct.”二、Punctuation 第31页/共46页8.The Quotation Marks(“”)(3).used for ti
28、tles and headings(4).used for words with special meaning(5)when other marks are quoted:-the comma and the period may be placed either inside or outside the quotation marks-the colon and the semicolon placed outside the quotation marks-the dash,the question mark and exclamation mark are placed accord
29、ing to the meaning of the sentence.二、Punctuation 第32页/共46页 I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice then someone picked it up you got the wrong number a husky voice snapped before the line went dead mystified I dialed again二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the following passages.(P13)第33页/共46页I
30、said you got the wrong number came thevoice once more the phone clicked in my earhow could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber at that time,I worked for the New YorkCity Police Department a cop is trained to becurious and concerned so I dialed a third time二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the followin
31、g passages.(P13)第34页/共46页hey come on the man said is this you againyeah its me I answered I was wondering how you knew I had the wrong number before I even said anythingyou figure it out the phone slammed down二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the following passages.(P13)第35页/共46页I sat there for a short
32、 time the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers I called the man backso you have figured it out he askedthe only thing I can think of is eh nobody evercalls youyou got it the phone went dead for the fourthtime Chuckling I dialed the man back二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the following passages.(P13)
33、第36页/共46页what do you want now he asked.I thought Id call just to say Hellohello whywell if nobody ever calls you I thought maybe I shouldokay hello who is this二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the following passages.(P13)第37页/共46页at last I had got through now it was his turn tobe curious I told him who
34、 I was and asked whohe was my names Adolf Meth Im 88 years old and Ihavent had this many wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years we both laughedin this way we became phone friends二、Punctuation Task 3:punctuate the following passages.(P13)第38页/共46页I dialed a number and the phone rangonce twice,then someo
35、ne picked it up.“You got the wrong number,”a husky voicesnapped before the line went dead.Mystified Idialed again.Answers to task 3第39页/共46页“I said,You got the wrong number.”came thevoice once more.The phone clicked in my ear.How could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber?At that time,I worked for t
36、he New YorkCity Police Department.A cop is trained to becurious and concerned,so I dialed a third time.Answers to task 3第40页/共46页“Hey!Come on,”the man said,“is this youagain?”“Yeah,its me,”I answered,“I was wonderinghow you knew I had the wrong number before Ieven said anything.”“You figure it out,”
37、the phone slammed down.Answers to task 3第41页/共46页I sat there for a short time,the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers.I called the man back.“So you have figured it out?”he asked.“The only thing I can think of is:eh,nobody evercalls you.”“You got it,”the phone went dead for the fourthtime.Chuckling
38、 I dialed the man back.Answers to task 3第42页/共46页“What do you want now?”he asked.“I thought Id call just to say Hello!.”“Hello,why?”“Well,if nobody ever calls you,I thought maybeI should.”“Okay,hello,who is this?”Answers to task 3第43页/共46页At last,I had got through.Now it was his turn tobe curious.I told him who I was and asked whohe was.“My names Adolf Meth.Im 88 years old,and Ihavent had thismany wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years,”we both laughed.In this way,we became phone friends.Answers to task 3第44页/共46页Thank you!第45页/共46页感谢您的观看！第46页/共46页