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1、锁定高考考点第1页/共66页1(2014新课标卷短文改错)For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day._答案：第一个hourhours名词的单复数 第2页/共66页2(2014新课标卷语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the_(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and wor
2、k，like cleaning up a polluted river.答案：changes3(2014新课标卷短文改错)Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please._答案：yearyears第3页/共66页4(2014安徽卷)Why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good_(suggest)答案：suggestion词性的转换
3、 第4页/共66页5(2014湖北卷)Her_(motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.答案：motivation6(2014山东写作)My English improved a lot，more importantly，I gained much_(confident)答案：confidence第5页/共66页7(2014辽宁卷语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep_.答案：breat
4、h8(2013天津卷)While she was in Paris，she developed a_(tasty)for fine art.答案：taste固定搭配 第6页/共66页9(2012山东卷)Being able to afford_drink would be_comfort in those tough times.答案：a；a10(2013新课标卷)India attained_independence in 1947，after_long struggle.答案：/；a抽象名词具体化 第7页/共66页突破重点难点第8页/共66页一、名词的数单数名词变为复数名词的常用法则：(1
5、)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s，如：books，caps，trees。(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es。如：glasses,boxes，watches，brushes。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y改为i，再加es。如：stories，countries。第9页/共66页(4)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s，但是下列名词要加es，它们是：黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，volcanoes，potatoes，tomatoes。(注：volcanos也正确)(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s，但下列以f或fe结尾的名词需
6、把f或fe去掉，加ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。第10页/共66页(6)“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师(7)不规则复数形式变内部元音footfeet脚manmen男人womanwomen女人 toothteeth牙mousemice老鼠 goosegeese鹅gentlema
7、ngentlemen绅士第11页/共66页单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means方法crossroads十字路口series连续species种类works工厂head头(量词)外来名词的复数形式criterioncriteria标准phenomenonphenomena现象analysisanalyses分析basisbases 基础crisiscrises 危机bacteriumbacteria细菌mediummedia媒体第12页/共66页fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式为fishes，表示条数时复数形式为fish。There are
8、many different fishes in this river.这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。I bought five fish today.今天我买了五条鱼。people指“人们”时其单复数形式相同，指“民族”时其复数形式为peoples。people人two people两个人a people一个民族two peoples两个民族第13页/共66页二、词性转换1动词变名词的后缀后缀 例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival 到来；到达survivesurvival 幸存proposeproposal 提议；建议anceenceappearappea
9、rance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅第14页/共66页后缀 例词iontionationattractattraction 吸引inviteinvitation邀请；请柬graduategraduation 毕业expectexpectation 期待；期望competecompetition 比赛；竞争explainexplanation解释(ss)iondiscussdiscussion 讨论；辩论de
10、cidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inghearhearing 听力；听觉begin beginning 开始第15页/共66页后缀 例词mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvarie
11、ty多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势第16页/共66页2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默第17页/共66页后缀例词nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessnes
12、s 粗心大意thgrowgrowth成长；发展strongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth温暖；热情ytyitydifficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任第18页/共66页三、名词的固定搭配1动词have，take，make，pay，play，put，give，keep，lend等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation 有个好名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of
13、 有意识have a feeling of有感觉第19页/共66页have access to可以获得take advantage of利用，趁之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用，妥善处理get relief得到缓解give solution给出解决方案lend a hand帮忙第20页/共66页The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation.这位医生
14、在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.设计这个系统的目的是让学生能够迅速、便捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。第21页/共66页2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in quantity大量，大批in progress在进行中in production在产量方面out of ones reach手不能及out of touch与无联
15、系out of sight看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来第22页/共66页(2012全国卷)The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are in great demand in this city.哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach.记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。第23页/共66页四、抽象名词具体化1.表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽
16、象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的词见下表单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物第24页/共66页单词抽象名词具体化名词意义comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情第25页/共66页(2012福建高考)Its a good feeling for people to
17、 admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。What do you think of the manager of your company?Oh，he is a manager whos pleasant to work with.Its a pleasure to work with him.你认为你公司的经理怎么样？噢，他是一位与其共事非常令人高兴的经理，与他共事是一件愉快的事情。第26页/共66页2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名
18、词drink 饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar 糖a sugar一块糖coffee 咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea 茶two teas两杯茶hair 头发a hair一根头发第27页/共66页I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了手机上。你从来都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。第28页/共66页演练命题热点第29页/共66页.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1(
19、2014东北三校一模语法填空)The father，who was angry and bothered，began tearing the magazine cover into small _(piece)答案：pieces2(2014太原一模语法填空)She did it with a lot of help from a lot of friends and_(volunteer)答案：volunteers第30页/共66页3It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand _(people)homeless.答案：
20、people4As far as I know，two_(thief)have been caught in our community.答案：thieves5(2013江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with_(patient)答案：patience第31页/共66页6(2014石家庄一模语法填空)While waiting for my flights，I watch people passing by and start my _(imagine)答案：imagination7(2014河北衡水中学第二次
21、调研语法填空)Peoples _(choose)of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them.答案：choice第32页/共66页8I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond_(recognize)答案：recognition9Ordinary woman though she is，she tries every means to raise peoples_(aware)of the environm
22、ent protection.答案：awareness10(2013天津卷)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend a_.答案：hand第33页/共66页.在括号内填入适当的冠词1The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.Yes，news came as_shock to me.答案：a2(2014浙江高三五校联考)We dont think the experiment is_ failure.At least we have gained experience for fu
23、ture success.答案：a3(2014辽宁写作)Your contribution will certainly make the event _huge success.答案：a第34页/共66页冠词 第35页/共66页锁定高考考点第36页/共66页1(2014天津卷)Life is like_ocean：Only the strongwilled can reach the other shore.答案：an不定冠词 第37页/共66页2(2014重庆卷)I cant tell you_way to the Wilsons because we dont have_Wilson h
24、ere in the village.答案：the；a3(2014浙江卷)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days _week，often long into _night.答案：a；the第38页/共66页 4(2014新课标卷语法填空)Now，years later，this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.答案：the定冠词第39页/共66页5(2014广东语法填空)She apologized for the m
25、istake and gave us a spare VIP room on_top floor.答案：the6(2014江西卷)They chose Tom to be_captain of the team because they knew he was_smart leader.答案：the；a第40页/共66页7(2013浙江卷)People develop_preference for a particular style of learning at_early age and these preferences affect learning.答案：a；an固定搭配中的冠词 第
26、41页/共66页突破重点难点第42页/共66页一、定冠词的用法1用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。(2013陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.据说，在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。第43页/共66页2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。(2014山西部分重点高中高三联考)I dont know who invented the iPhone，but I think
27、it is a useful invention.我不知道是谁发明了iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。As is known to us，the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.众所周知，太阳东方升起西方落下。第44页/共66页注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空，nature自然，man人类等。(2013江西高考)Animals are obviously the lower form of life than man.动物显然是一种比人类低级的生命形式。第45页/共66页3特指某人、某事或某个
28、地方。(2014陕西高考)The village where I was born has grown into a town.我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。(2013重庆高考)The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.这对父母被他们的儿子需要做膝部手术的消息震惊了。4by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。Its said John will be in a job paying over$60,000 a year.Right，he will also get p
29、aid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。第46页/共66页5用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。6用于复数姓氏之前，表示“全家”或“夫妇”或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。As far as I know，the Greens have no children.据我所知，格林家没有孩子。第47页/共66页二、不定冠词的用法1用在
30、单数可数名词前，表示泛指。(2013福建高考)The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve peoples wellbeing and a dream of harmony，peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平发展的梦。第48页/共66页2表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“某一”。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such pe
31、rson here.对不起，这个小区住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。第49页/共66页3序数词前加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”。(2012全国卷)He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。4amost表示“很”“非常”。(2013昆明质量检测)What do you think about the song What Makes You Beautifu
32、l?Its really a most wonderful song this year.你认为歌曲什么使你最美怎么样？确实是今年非常好的一首歌。第50页/共66页5有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding 等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better understanding of how society operates.社会实践对于学生来说是获得对社会更好理解的机会。What happened
33、just now shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference in an emergency.刚刚发生的事情表明了解急救知识在紧急情况下确实能够改变一切。第51页/共66页三、固定搭配中的冠词用于某些习惯用法，如at an early age，have a look，play a trick on，in a hurry，develop a preference for等。at the beginning开始，起初make the most of利用(2014江西南昌一模)If you want to improve you
34、r working efficiency，it will be a must for you to make the most of your time.如果你想提高工作效率，充分利用时间是必须的。第52页/共66页演练命题热点第53页/共66页.单句语法改错1(2014陕西卷短文改错)That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!_答案：aan第54页/共66页2(2014陕西一联短文改错)Im cheerful boy.Bes
35、ides my courses，I have many hobbies，like playing football，basketball and swimming._答案：cheerful前加a3(2014太原第二学段测评短文改错)Here they can borrow a set very easily，and it costs them only little money.Then it can be taken home and used for long._答案：little前加a第55页/共66页4(2014唐山一模短文改错)There I saw a guitar player
36、playing guitar，which I really enjoyed._答案：guitar前加the5(2013辽宁卷短文改错)Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr Johnson.I was eager to see him，but outside his room I stopped._答案：paid后加a第56页/共66页6(2013四川卷短文改错)But after the test，both of us were called to the teachers office.The teacher was angry because we
37、had same answers in the test._答案：same前加the7(2014东北三校二模短文改错)Time flies！This is a third year that I have been in this school._答案：athe第57页/共66页8(2014石家庄一模)When English is an only language in class，students will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking._答案：anthe9(2014沈阳质量监测一短文改错)They a
38、sked me to take a tour around the city next morning._答案：next前加the第58页/共66页10(2014石家庄质量检测二短文改错)Ive learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist._答案：for后加a第59页/共66页.用适当的冠词填空1(2014安徽三所示范性高中质量检测)Making a lecture in public is the last thing I want to do.Just have _try.I am sur
39、e you can make it.答案：a2(2014江西南昌部分重点中学质量检查)The boss usually gives an employee_ salary of 480 dollars a month at_beginning.答案：a；the第60页/共66页3(2014江苏盐城月考)_rescue workers on the scene told_Greens that they were going to pull their child out first.答案：The；the4(2014四川成都第一次诊断)Well，that is one of_most expen
40、sive hotels in town，Im afraid.Do you mean wed better choose _cheaper one?答案：the；a第61页/共66页5(2014烟台一检)Here is_very person we are looking for，one with_good knowledge of German.答案：the；a6(2014福州三中模拟)The pop star didnt turn up at _ Peace Hotel，which was_great disappointment to his fans who had been waiti
41、ng for 16 hours outside the hotel.答案：the；a第62页/共66页7(2014杭州五校第一次联考)The viewers will have _second chance to watch Voice of China on Channel 4 tonight.答案：a8(2014潍坊一模)Excuse me，is there_Mr Taylor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.答案：a第63页/共66页课时高效作业第64页/共66页谢谢观看！第65页/共66页感谢您的观看！第66页/共66页