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1、2011 College Entrance Examination English Second RThe types and functions of nounsThe types and functions of articlesSpecial usage of nouns and articlesMistake prone knowledge points of nouns and articlescontents目录The types and functions of nouns01Proper terminology01Proper nouns:names of specific i
2、ndividuals,organizations,events,etc.02Proper nouns are always capitalized.Example:John,Apple,World Cup03010203Common nouns are used to refer to a class of things or people.They are not capitalized unless they are the first word of a sentence or a title.Example:car,dog,teacherCommon nounAbstract noun
3、s are used to describe ideas,qualities,emotions,etc.that are not physical.Example:happiness,love,knowledgeAbstract nounMaterial nouns are used to describe things that have physical form.Example:stone,wood,metalMaterial nounThe types and functions of articles02Types The definite article the is used t
4、o refer to a specific person,place,thing,or idea that has been previously mentioned or is well-known.Functions The definite article the has several functions,including indicating a specific instance of a thing,emphasizing a particular person,place,or thing,and providing clarity when referring to abs
5、tract ideas or generalizations.The definite article theVS The indefinite articles a and an are used to introduce a new person,place,thing,or idea that has not been previously mentioned.Functions The indefinite articles a and an serve to introduce a general category of things or ideas,emphasize the u
6、niqueness or individuality of a person,place,or thing,and provide clarity when referring to abstract ideas or generalizations.TypesIndefinite article a or anTypes Zero article refers to the absence of the definite article the and the indefinite articles a or an when referring to a person,place,thing
7、,or idea.要点一要点二Functions Zero article is used in certain cases where the context is clear and there is no need to specify whether the person,place,thing,or idea is specific or general.For example,in the sentence I like reading books,there is no need to specify whether it is a specific book or a gene
8、ral category of books.zero articleSpecial usage of nouns and articles03抽象名词的具体化 抽象名词通常表示概念或情感，但在某些语境中，它们可以被具体化为有形的事物。例如，“success”通常是一个抽象名词，表示“成功”，但在句子“She wears a badge of success around her neck.”中，“success”被具体化为一个徽章。集合名词的复数形式 有些集合名词，如“audience”、“family”，在表示整体时是单数，但当表示个体成员时则用复数。例如，“The audience is/
9、are very responsive.”物质名词的量化 物质名词通常不使用量化词，如“much”、“many”，但在某些情况下可以用量化词表示数量。例如，“How much water is there in the glass?”Special Uses of Nouns零冠词 在一些固定短语或习惯用法中，冠词可能会被省略，如“go to bed”、“in the morning”。冠词与否定词 在否定句中，冠词可能会与否定词连用，如“I dont like the color of the car.”中的“the”。冠词与最高级 在形容词最高级前通常需要加定冠词“the”，如“The m
10、ost beautiful car is the Bentley.”Special usage of articles030201Mistake prone knowledge points of nouns and articles04 名词复数形式的常见错误 学生在使用名词复数时常常会出现形式错误，如忘记添加“-s”或“-es”，或者在不应该变为复数的名词后面加上了复数形式。The Plural Form NounsOmission of articles遗漏冠词的常见错误在句子中，学生常常忘记使用冠词，如“a”、“an”或“the”。这可能是因为对冠词的用法不熟悉或者对句子语境理解不准确。冠词的特指和泛指用法错误 学生对于冠词的特指和泛指用法常常混淆，例如在应该使用特指冠词的时候使用了泛指冠词，或者在应该使用泛指冠词的时候使用了特指冠词。这可能是因为对冠词的语义理解不够深入。The specific and general references of articlesTHANKS感谢观看