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1、 四.由 what,how 引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由 what 或 how 引导，what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词。1.what 引导的感叹句：（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）What a beautiful city it is!What an interesting story she told!（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）What expensive watches they are!Wha
2、t terrible weather it is!2How 引导的感叹句：（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）How cold it is!How hard he works!（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）How he loves his son!How I miss you!（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）How tall a tree it is!（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!How cold i
3、t is!【实例解析】1.(2004 年上海徐汇区中考试题)_ useful computer it is!A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词 computer,所以要用 what 来修饰，又因为 useful 第一个发音是辅音，what 之后的不定冠词用 a,而不用 an。2.(2004 年嘉兴市中考试题)-_ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?-Im not sure,but it takes about ninety minutes to get there b
4、y bus.A.How many B.How often C.How much D.How far 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用 how far 来提问。3.(2004 年河北省中考试题)-_ will it take us to get there by bus?-About two hours.A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How quick 答案：C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间，所以应用 how long 来提问。4.(2004 年长沙市中考试题)-Help!There is
5、a snake near the house.-_ afraid.It will go away later.A.Dont B.Not C.Dont be D.Be 答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有 C。【中考演练】一.单项填空 1.-Excuse me,_ is the nearest bookshop?-Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A.how B.what C.where D.who 2.-_ is it from our
6、school to the Bell Tower?-About half an hours bus ride.Shall we go and visit it?A.How long B.How often C.How far D.How much 3.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,_?-No.She got up too late.A.had she B.hadnt she C.did she D.didnt she 4.-The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.
7、Would C.Do D.Shall 5.-_,sir?-Size 41,I think A.What size do you need B.What can I do for you C.How do you like this shirt D.Whats the matter with you 6.-_ good weather!Why not go out for a walk?A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 7.-Its a nice car._ have you been in it?-Just to Shanghai.A.How much B.How l
8、ong C.How soon D.How far 8.-_ to the United States?-No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you been B.Have you gone C.Did you go D.Will you go 9.-_ were you away from school last year?-About two weeks.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.When 10.-_ do you want?-I want a CD of popular so
9、ngs.A.Which CD B.How many CDs C.What CD D.How much 11._ is your mother,a teacher or a doctor?A.What B.Which C.Who D.whose 12.-_ is your mother today,Jim?-She is much better.A.How B.What C.Where D.How old 13.-_he _ at this school last term?-Yes,I think so.A.Didstudy B.Doesstudy C.Wasstudy D.Didstudie
10、d 14.-_ did you begin to learn English?-Three years ago.A.When B.Why C.Where D.What 15.-_ do you write to your pen-friend?-Once a week.A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often 16._ nice flowers!Where did you pick them?A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 17.The sick mans allowed to take a walk in the ga
11、rden every day,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.has he D.hasnt he 18._ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.A.Not B.Wont C.Dont D.Doesnt 19.He found nothing in the room,_?A.doesnt he B.does he C.didnt he D.did he 20.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you 二.句型转换（按要
12、求改写下列句子）1.Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday.(改为否定句)Bruce _ _ a dictionary yesterday.2.Mr.Smith does morning exercises every day.(改为一般疑问句)_ Mr.Smith _ morning exercises every day?3.Allan will go back to England by plane next month.(就划线部分提问)_ _ Allan go back to England next month?4.There are some ap
13、ples on the table.(改为否定句)There _ _ apples on the table.5.When she sees you,she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问)_ _ she tell you the news?6.Uncle Wang likes making things.(改写为否定句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.7.Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yest
14、erday?8.Our city is very beautiful.(改为感叹句)_ _ our city is!9.He has worked in this school for five years.(就划线部分提问)_ _ has he worked in this school?10.Both of them are my best friends.(改为否定句)_ of them _ my best friend.11.They are happy to see each other.(改为感叹句)_ _ they are to see each other!12.The exa
15、m begins at nine.(改为一般疑问句)_ the exam _ at nine?13.He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.(就划线部分提问)_ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon?14.He had nothing for breakfast.(改为反意疑问句)He had nothing for breakfast _ _?15.She doesnt think I can surf on the Internet.(改反意疑问句)She doesnt think I ca
16、n surf on the Internet,_ _?16.Hes put the tree in the hole?(改为一般疑问句)_ he _ the tree in the hole?17.How useful the book is!(改为陈述句)It is _ _ useful book.18.The population of Australia is about 19,500,000.(就划线部分提问)_ _ population of Australia?19.The meeting will start in ten minutes.(就划线部分提问)_ _ will th
17、e meeting start?20.Dont tell him to come to my office.(改为肯定的祈使句)_ _ to come to my office.三.句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子，每空一词。?1.我母亲通常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。?My mother usually _ some cleaning and _ on Sundays.?2.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。?Were _ to have _ at the party this evening.?3.你看明天有可能结束这项工作吗?Do you think _ _to finish the w
18、ork tomorrow?4.你怎样与你的邻居相处好?_can you get on well _ your neighbours?5.西安的新变化使参观者们感到惊奇。?The _ are _ at the new changes in Xian.?6.天冷了，请穿上暖和的衣服。?Its cold.Please _ _ warm clothes.7.爱迪生在小时候就对科学感兴趣。Edison _ _ _ science even when he was a small boy.?8.尽管他失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。?Even though he had failed many times,h
19、e didnt _ _.9.无论发生什么事情，我都会和你在一起。?_happens,Ill be with you.?10.楼上的噪音害得我整晚无法入睡。?The noises upstairs made me not able to _ _all night.?【练习答案】一.1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C 二.1.didnt buy 2.Does;do 3.How will 4.arent any 5.When will 6.doesnt l
20、ike 7.Did;return 8.How beautiful 9.How long 10.Neither;is 11.How happy 12.Does;begin 13.What was;doing 14.did he 15.does she 16.Has;put 17.such a 18.Whats the 19.How soon 29.Tell him 三.1.does;washing 2.sure;fun 3.it/its possible 4.How;with 5.visitors;amazed/surprised 6.put on 7.was interested in 8.lose heart 9.Whatever 10.fall asleep