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1、必修二 Unit 4 Exploring literature核心词汇精讲核心词汇-1. devole(P43)【知识要点】de vole v.致力于，献身devotion n.奉献，投入一devoted adj.忠诚的；献身的相关短语：devote oneself lo.献身于，致力于be devoted to.奉献于，专心于，忠诚于devote.lo把贡献给，致力于，把用于类似devote.to(介词)的短语：adapt.to.使适应，使配合adjust.to.调节以适应addict. to.使对上瘾，使沉迷于apply. to.把应用于prefer.。喜欢胜过attach. lo把附在上
2、Teachers attach great importance to improving students ability to adapt/adjust to the new environment. 老师们非常重视提升学生的适应新环境的能力。The problem is that a number of middle school students arc increasingly addicted to cell phones. 问题是，许多中学生越来越沉迷于手机。Now lots of new technologies can be applied to solving proble
3、ms in industry.现在许多新技术可以应用于解决工业上的问题。It was the first time that I had preferred staying at home lo seeing a film.这是我第一次宁愿呆在家里而不愿去看电影。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词The old teacher was admired for his to the educational cause.【答案】devotion【解析】his后面用名词。句意：那位老教师因献身于教育事业而受到钦佩。Mr. Wang is a family man and he alwa
4、ys goes home directly after work.【答案】devoted【解析】此处修饰名词短语family man表示“爱家的人”应填形容词devoted,故填devoted。句 意：王先生是个爱家的人，总是下班后直接回家。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词With their habitats, many animals have gone extinct.【答案】destroyed【解析尸habitats”与“destroy”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词destroyed。故填destroyed o 句意：由于栖息地遭到破坏，许多动物已经灭绝。Th
5、e earthquake ruined the city, making hundreds of thousands of people homeless.【答案】destructive【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词earthquake。故填 destrucdve0句意：毁灭性的地震摧毁了这座城市，使数十万人无家可归。If not dealt with properly, the pandemic of COVID-19 will cause serious to theinternational city.【答案】destruction【解析】空前是形容词s
6、erious,所以空处应该填名词，作宾语，destroy的名词是destruction,不 可数，故填destruction。句意：如果处理不当，新冠肺炎疫情将对这个国际都市造成严 重破坏。Sugar is the of healthy teeth.【答案】destroyer【解析】the加名词，故填destroyer破坏者。句意：糖可以危害健全的牙齿。完成句子大楼被大火完全摧毁了。The building by fire.答案】was completely/totally destroyed我要告诉你，怀疑会摧毁你的信心，使你事无成。Im telling you that doubt wil
7、l and make you accomplish nothing.【答案】destroy your confidencebc核心词汇-1。attcmpt(P53)【知识要点】attempi vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图一attempted adj.企图的，未遂的相关短语attempt to do sth.=make attempts/an attempt to do sth.=make attempts/an attempt at doing slh.试图做某事at the first attempt 首次尝试in an attempt to do sth.为了 做某事attempt to
8、 do sth.44l try/seek to do sth.一样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而manage to do sth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。manage to do sth.相当于succeed in doing sth.。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词The man is being questioned in relation to the murder last night.【答案】attempted【解析】设空前有定冠词the,设空后有名词murder,所以设空处要用形容词attempted（未遂的） 作定语，用于修饰其后的名词mu
9、rder。句意：该男子正在就昨晚发生的未遂谋杀接受询 问。They closed the road an attempt to reduce traffic in the city.【答案】in【解析】in an attempt to为了。句意：为了减轻城市的交通，他们封闭了道路。Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe.are being made to use botanical fuel as a source of power.【答案】attempts【解析】“make attempts to do sth.试图做某事”的被动式。句意：由于俄
10、罗斯天然气对欧洲的限 制，人们正在尝试使用植物燃料作为能源。Not many people can answer this question the first attempt.【答案】at【解析】at the first attempt首次尝试。句意：第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不是很多。He didnt like the plan at first, but we to bring him round.【答案】managed【解析】manage to do sth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。句意：他起初并不喜欢这个计划， 但我们最终使他I可心转意了。The boy to go ca
11、mping by himself but was stopped by his parents.【答案】attempted/tried/sought【解析】attempt/try/seek to do sth.企图/试图做某事。句意：这个男孩试图独自一人去野营，但被 他的父母拦住了。核心词汇-11. confuscd（P54）【知识要点】confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 confusing adj .令人困惑的 confusc vt.使困惑（迷惑不解） confusion n.困惑，混淆相关短语confuse sb. with sth.某物/某事使某人困惑，某物/某事
12、把某人弄糊涂confuse. with/and把和混淆/混为一谈bc/gct confused with/about 对感到困惑【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词 From his look, I know he is the question.【答案】confused, confliscd with/about, conftising【解析】confUsed表示心理感受；be confused with/about对感到困惑；confusing表示特征、性质。句意：从他困惑的表情来看，我知道他对这个令人困惑的问题迷惑不解。C The announcement only succ
13、eeded in creating.【答案】confusion【解析】confusion名词作creating的宾语。句意：那通告反而引起了混乱。You me your questions.【答案】confused, with【解析】confuse sb. with sth.某物/某亦把某人弄糊涂句意：你的问题把我弄糊涂了。Be careful not to quantity quality.【答案】confuse, with/and【解析】confusewith/and把和混淆/混为一谈。句意:注意不要把数量与质量混淆了/ 混为一谈。经典句型研读l.not. but 结构原句呈现】What
14、amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the oki.(P44 Lines 5-6) 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。【知识要点】noi.but. “不是而是”，用来连接两个并列成分。该结构连接的并列成分作主语时， 谓语应与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。【完成句子】真正的强者，不是没有眼泪的人，而是含着眼泪奔跑的人。Real strong men are.答案】not those without tears, but those running in tears不是
15、约翰和汤姆而是他们的妹妹玛丽对钢琴课很感兴趣。great interest in the piano lessons.【答案】Not John and Tom but their younger sister, Mary, takes对你要紧的是实践经验而不是书本知识。What really matters to you is.【答案】not book knowledge but practice2 .what引导的名词从句【原句呈现】Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says.(P45 Lincs 2
16、1-22)文学的魅力更多在于它唤起了我们什么，而不在于它说了什么。【知识要点】what引导名词性从句时.,有比较灵活的意思，可视上下文把what理解为：the+名词+ that定语 从句，通常翻译成：的，在汉语中也叫“的”字结构。whal 相当于 the thing that/anything that.what 相当于 the place that.what 相当于 the time that.what 相当于 the person that.whal 相当于 the speed that.what 相当于 the amount / number that.A is to B what C
17、is to D 和 What C is to D, A is to B该句型用来比较说明两种事物相同或相似的关系，起比喻作用，相当于连接词as,意为“正如、好比、就象一样等。【完成句子】曾经认为不可能的事情现在己经成为了现实。has come true.答案】 What was once regarded as impossible我们的城市己经不是原来的样子了。在过去的数年里发生了巨大的变化。Our city isn,t . Great changes have taken place in the past years.【答案】what it used to be多年之后她变化好大，看起来
18、和过去的她那个大不相同了。I met one of my students the other day. After several years, she changed a lot and looked different from【答案】what she used to be在经历了似乎亳无希望的等待之后，四名被围困在井下长达125小时的煤矿工人终于被成功营 救了上来。After. four coal miners trapped in the mine fbr 125 hours were finally rescued.【答案】 what seemed a hopeless wait几
19、天前，我哥哥以一种我认为是非常危险的速度在大街上开车。The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at.【答案】what I thought was a dangerous speed我们厂今年发展得很快。今年的产量是十年前（产量）的五倍。Our factory has been developing rapidly these days. This years production is five times【答案】what it was ten years ago据我们所知，阅读对思维就像食物对身体一样。As we all
20、 know, reading is.【答案】to the mind what food is to the body.情态动词+have done结构【原句呈现】What shall I read?” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.(P48)“我该读什么？ 你也许不止一次地问自己这个问题。【知识要点】could +have done：本可以做而实际上未能做或者可能已经做过某事；其否定式表示对过去事情 有把握的否定推测，“不可能已经做了某事”：cannot+ have done：对现在或过去发生过的事情的否定
21、推测：might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测；must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done；nccdrft+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了；should(ought to)+have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定式：某种不该发生的事情或 行为却发生了。【单句填空】Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?No, we(do)it, but we spent too much time shopping.【
22、答案】could have done【解析】could have done本可以做某事(但没做)。句意：“你们上个月去参观那个著名的文化遗 址了吗？ ”“没有，我们本可以去的，但花了太多时间购物。”My umbrella is gone. Who(take) it by mistake?答案】could have taken【解析】句意：我的雨伞不见了。谁会错拿了它呢？根据句意，可知错拿雨伞是发生在过去的事， 此处表示的是对过去发生的事情可能性的猜测，在疑问句中，所以用could have done, 故填 could have takenoMary(not receive)my letter
23、, otherwise she would have gone to the concert.【答案】couldnt have received【解析】couldnt have received不可能收至lj了。句意：玛丽不可能收到了我的信，否则她会去参加 音乐会的。Why are your eyes so red? You(not sleep) well last night.【答案】cant have slept【解析】当把握性较大时，肯定句中用must,否定句中用can由题意可知，“你的眼睛怎么这 么红？ ”可以看出说话者作出下述判断时是有一定的事实根据的，把握性较大，故填can* ha
24、ve slepto句意：你的眼睛怎么这么红的？你昨天晚上一定没有睡好吧。Had they known what was coming next, they (have)second thoughts.【答案】might have had【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coining next, they might havehad second thoughto根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应 该用would/might+have done,故填might have had。句意:如果他们早就知道接
25、下来会 发生什么事的话，他们也许已经就有了其它想法了。There are several theories about why dinosaurs suddenly died out, one of which says their disappearance(causc)by the climate change.【答案might have been caused【解析】might have done表示对过去事情没有把握的肯定推测，”可能已经做了某事“，且句子主 语disappearance和cause之间是一种被动关系，所以用被动式。句意：关于恐龙为何突 然灭绝有几种理论，其中一种认为恐
26、龙的消失可能是气候变化造成的。Someone(leave)the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.【答案】must have left【解析】must have done表示对过去是清有把握的坑定推测，意思是“一定是做了某事”。句意: 一定是有人没关水龙头，因为水溢出来淹了浴室。一Sorry, I am late.Why, you(comc)to the company today. It is Sunday.答案】neednt have come【解析】neednt have done本不必做而
27、做了。句意：“对不起，我迟到了。”“你今天本来不必 来公司的。今天是星期天。”一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You(make)full preparations.【答案】should/ought to have made【解析】句意：“对不起，妈妈！我的面试又失败了。” “哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分的准 备。”根据语境可知此处指：你本应该作做充足的准备。should/ought to have done意为： 本应该做某事。故填should/ought to have made。3 .tooto句
28、型【原句呈现】His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.(P53 Lines 21-22)他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。【知识要点】“too+形容词/副词+动词不定式”结构简称为“100，。”结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型， 在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太而不能”、太无法 变式：loo+adj./adv. + for. to do：在此结构中加上一个for.,以表示动词不定式的逻辑主语。 too+adj.+a（an）+n. + io do.注意：与
29、so.that.和such . that.句型的转换（查看卜列完成句子,）“too.to“不表示否定意义的情况：too.to结构之前带有but, only, just, simply, all, never, not时，是 强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常、十分、实在、真是太”等；”。，。”结构中 带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious 等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。【完成句子】匚这么多人注视着她，她紧张得说不出话来。She with so many eyes
30、 fixed on her.【答案】 was too nen-ous to speakwas so nervous Ihal she couldnt speak（如果）没有大气保存太阳部分的热量，地球的晚上也会刺骨的寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。 Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold, live.【答案】too cold fbr us to急于求成，往往事与愿违。Being help an event develop often results in the
31、our intention.【答案】too anxious to, contrary to看到那块大石头了吗?事实上，这是一块大石头，没人能搬得动。See that big stone? Actually, its.【答案】too big a stone for everyone to carry itsuch a big stone that no one can carry it so big a stone that no one can carry itIf I am chosen, I will to being a qualified volunteer.【答案】devote my
32、self【解析】devote oneself to致力于。句意：如果我被选中，我将致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。With my energy revision, I have no lime to chat with my friends online.【答案】devoted to【解析】devoteto./be devoted to的变形，过去分词短语在with复合结构中作宾语补足语。句意： 由于我的精力都集中在复习上，我没有时间和朋友在线聊天。He all his free time reading literature.【答案】devoted, to【解析】devote.lo把用于。句意：
33、他所有的业余时间都用来读文学作品了。核心词汇-2. appeal(P44)【知识要点】appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁appeaHng adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的相关短语appeal against 上诉appeal to上诉到，诉诸叩peal to sb.对某人有/产生吸引力，受到某人的喜欢appeal to sb. for sth =make one/an appeal to sb. for sth 呼吁/恳求某人某任appeal to sb. to do sth.= make one/an appeal to sb.to do slh.呼吁
34、/恳求某人做某事appeal for对有吸引力(appeal为名词)【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词The beautiful village surrounded by many mountains is so that it to tourists fromall over the country.【答案】appealing, appeals【解析】appealing吸引人的，恳求的；叩peal to sb.对某人有/产生吸引力。句意：这个群山环绕的 美丽的小山村非常吸引人，结果吸引了来自全国各地的游客。We advocate solving international d
35、ispute by negotiation, instead of appealing arms.【答案】t。【解析】appeal io诉诸。句意：我们主张通过谈判解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。Our school appeals the students set aside an hour every day to take exercise.【答案】to, to【解析】appeal io sb. tod。sih.呼吁某人做某事。句意：我们学校呼吁学生们每天留出一个小时来 锻炼。The film has great appeal young audiences.【答案】for【解析】have
36、 great appeal for对有吸引力。句意：这部电影对年轻观众非常有吸引力。Sun Yang said he would appeal the CAS decision, which, to the publics surprise, bannedhim from competition for eight years.【答案】against【解析】appeal against上诉。句意:孙杨说，他将对国际体育仲裁法庭的决定提出上诉，令公众 惊讶的是，该决定禁止他参加比赛长达8年之久。完成句子他决不会向他们乞求怜悯。He will never.【答案】appeal to them fb
37、r mercy/make one/an appeal to them fbr mercy.煎饼是中国最最吸引人的小吃之一，几乎吸引了每一个美国人。Jianbing, one of the most snacks in China,almost everyone in America.【答案】appealing, appeals to越来越多的人喜欢住在农村，农村对人们的吸引力在于安静和慢节奏的生活。More and more people prefer to live in the countryside,lies in the quiet and slow-paced life.【答案】wh
38、ose 叩peal for them核心词汇3. determine(P44)【知识要点】determine vt.确定；决定，支配 vi.决心determined adj.意志坚定的，下定决心的determination n.决心；决定相关短语determine to do sth.决定做某事determine on/upon doing sht.决定做某事determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事(表示状态)【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式
39、填空或填上恰当的词to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.【答案】Detcnnined【解析】be determined to do slh.下定决心做某事，本句为形容词短语作状语。本句前文省略了because they wereo句意：因为下定决心按时完成工作，所以他们立即开始工作了。His great discovery lay in his and devotion to science.【答案】determination【解析】与devotion为并列关系，故填determination。句意：他的伟大
40、发现有赖于他对科学的决 心和献身精神。There is a look on her face.【答案】determined【解析】determined有决心的，坚决/定的。句意：她脸上表现出坚定的表情。His advice determined me drinking and smoking again.His advice determined me drink and smoke no more.【答案】against, to【解析】determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事;determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事。 句意：他的劝告使我
41、决定不再抽烟喝酒了。They determined starting early.【答案】on/upon【解析】determine on/upon doing sht.决定做某事。句意：他们决定早点出发。完成句子简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。Jane a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds.【答案】has(been)determined to live我决心在英语上取得进步，比以往任何时候都更加努力。to make progress in English, I work harder than ever.I to ma
42、ke progress in English, so I work harder than ever.【答案】Determined, have been determined核心词汇4 significantP44)【知识要点】significant adj.有重要意义的：显著的(副词：+ly)一significance n.意义；重要性相关短语be of great significance=be very significant 非常重要；有重大意义的【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词Thc new drug has great fbr the treatment of th
43、e disease.【答案】significance【解析】形容词great修饰名词，故填significance。句意：这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。There are no differences between the two groups of students.【答案】significant【解析】形容词significant修饰名词differences。句意：这两组学生没有明显差别。The two sets of figures are not different.【答案】significantly【解析】副词significantly修饰形容词different。句意：
44、这两组数字没有明显的差别。完成句子合作或团队合作对足球比赛具有重要意义。Cooperation or teamwork in playing football games.答案】is of great significance/is very significant对于毕业生来说，找到一份合适的工作是非常重要的。to find a proper job.【答案】Ils very significant for a graduate/It is of great significance for a graduate核心词汇-5. sensitive(P45)【知识要点】sensitive ad
45、j.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的sensen.感觉，意识sensible adj.有感觉的，明智的senseless adj.无意义的，无FI的的，失去知觉，不明智的，愚蠢的scnsitivity n.敏感相关短语和句型be sensitive about 介/在意，在乎be sensitive to 对敏感make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通(否定式：not make any sense=make no sense)make sense of理解,弄懂,弄清的意思sense that从句意识到in a/sonie sense从某种意义上说【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上
46、恰当的词The people in the village were for the most part to being poor at that time.【答案】sensitive【解析】be sensitive to对敏感。句意：那时候这个村子里的人大多对贫穷很敏感。一What do you think of her suggestion?Actually it would be much more to talk about it later.【答案】sensible【解析】more +形容词构成比较级，故填sensible。句意：“你觉得她的建议怎么样？ ”“事实上,以后再讨论这个
47、问题要明智得多。”You might get behind if you spend too much lime debating issues.【答案】senseless【解析】senseless adj.无意义的。句意：如果花太多时间争论没意义的事情，你就会落后于人。Such is (he of the information that only two people are allowed to know it.【答案】sensitivity【解析】sensitivity敏感。句意：这信息极为敏感，只允许两个人知道。He is equipped with a deep sense of justice and responsibility