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1、专题20阅读理解知推理判断考点题型技巧号考向分析推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲 作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类 题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借 助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断考点01细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、 具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并 借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。考点02因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因
2、或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考 生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系 信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致 的结果。考点03人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语 中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定 注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的 思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注 意作者在文章中
3、的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves
4、 and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be
5、as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it wont keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity （湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that ma
6、y travel to other countries in need of rain.1 .What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?A.They produce oxygen.B.They cover a vast area.C.They are well managed.D.They are rich in wildlife.2 . Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?A.Heavy rainsB.Big
7、 trees.C.Small plants.D.Forest animals.3 .Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A.For more sunlight.B.For more growingspace.C.For self-protection.D.For the detection of insects.4 .What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Life-Giving RainforestsB.The Law of th
8、e JungleC. Animals in the AmazonD.Weather in Rainforests【答案】l.D 2.B 3.C 4.A【分析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其 植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤 为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。1 .细节理解题。根据第一段 Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏
9、了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带 雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。2 .细节理解题。根据第二段 Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy （树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat fromthe sunan
10、d strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠 层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树 有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。3 .推理判断题。根据第三段 Scientists think this is the plants* way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科学家们认为 这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比
11、如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。可以判断出 不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选Co.主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。 其次，热带雨林就是地球的肺它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。 然后，雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些 雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故 选Ao3、The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. T was back teach
12、ing after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of nforbidden fruitn that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.HPlease bring that pistol to me,” I said. Im going to put it in my Grandmas Box.” Wh
13、ats that?n they asked.Its a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren/11 replied,HYou dont have grandchildren/ someone said.HI dont now.* I replied. nBut someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.,My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring, a
14、nd later. Sometimes, students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.The-years
15、 went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that years class. Then someone said, Now you can use your Grandmas Box.* From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in yourGrandmas Box for Gordon.nI loved talking ab
16、out the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christinas I received a surprise gifta large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandmas Box a reality.5.What was the aut
17、hors purpose in having the conversation with the students?A.To collect the water pistol.B.To talk about her grandchildren.D.To explain her teaching method, paragraph 8 refer to?B.The maker of the Grandmas Box.D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.C.To recommend some toys.6 .What do the underlined words
18、 Hthe offender11 inA.The students parent.C.The authors grandchild.7 .What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?B.They asked to see the Grandma*s Box.D.They stopped asking their toys back.B.She is a strict and smart teacher.D.She is a responsible grandmotherA.They went to
19、play with the baby.C.They made a present for Gordon.8 .What can we infer about the author?A.She enjoys telling jokes.C.She loves doing woodwork.【答案】5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶 奶的盒子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物 了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。9 .细节理解题。根据第一段中
20、力 was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.（在缺席了 15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。 现在流行的是水枪）”以及第三段中Please bring that pistol to me/ I said. Tm going to put it in myGrandma，sB
21、ox（请把那支水枪给我，我说。“我要把它放在我，奶奶的盒子，里。”广由此 可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。10 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I would return the belonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到 学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有 者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥 有者”。故选D。11 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the s
22、tudents would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box fbr Gordon.（从3|3时起， 学生 们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子里）由 此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选D。12 推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者 对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作 者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B4、For those who can stomach it,
23、working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect g
24、eneral health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the mens fitness and resting metabolic （新陈代谢的）rates and took sa
25、mples （样品）of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists9 lab, each man walked fbr an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exerc
26、ised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast （禁食）.On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the mens blood and fat tissue.Then they compared t
27、he samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On t
28、he other hand, they burned slightly more calories （卡 路里），on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone
29、 had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins （蛋白质）that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin （胰岛素）levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when th
30、ey had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.13 .The underlined expression stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means A.digest the meal easilyB. man age without breakfastC.decide wisely what to
31、 eatD.eat whatever is offered.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C.They could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.14 .What happened to those who ate breakfast before exerc
32、ise?A.They successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a bit more calories.C.They burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.15 .What could be learned from the research?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifesty
33、le is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.【答案】13.B 14.A 15.B 16.D【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻 炼可能对健康更有益。13 .词句猜测题。根据下文 working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断
34、这里说的是那些 不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段的 They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知， 他们首先找到了 10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可 以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活
35、方式代表了普通 人。故选A。15 .细节理解题。根据第六段的 As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories（卡 路里），on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting. nJ知，结果，他们空腹散 步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面。
36、平均而言，他们在早 餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故 选Bo.推理判断题。根据最后一段 The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了 从运动中 获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。 故选Do5、Claire Wyatt, a 24-year-old British v
37、olunteer, led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh, the nations capital, to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need in the coronavirus pandemic（新冠病毒大流行）.Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me,“ said Claire. No
38、t only was I encouraged by the determination of each and every rider, but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability/9When she was first asked to lead the trip, Claire admitted, she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days because cyclin
39、g with a disability can come with added physical and emotional challenges.One team member named Dy, who lost an arm in an accident, biked using just one arm to balance. Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to polio（l、JL麻痹） Despite all the difficulties, Claire realized quickly that sh
40、e didnt have to worry about her team. She saw them deal with rough area that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.The volunteers covered the distance in just four days, not only helping so many people across the country, but also overcoming huge difficulties to get there.“The best thing abo
41、ut this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this. They are so enthusiastic about Cambodia and raising money fbr others in need J said Claire. The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap.”Claire recalled her favorite moment of the experience, when one of the cyclists
42、 pushed an exhausted teammate up a hill for 2 miles. One moment that stood out fbr me was when Naret, our only female rider, was feeling tired J she said, Her fellow rider gently put his hand on her back and pushed her fbr 2 miles! They were encouraging each other to push through the tiredness/9 1.
43、Why did Claire and eight Cambodians cycle 155 miles?A. To challenge themselves.B. To help out needy people.C. To take part in a competition.D. To raise money for the disabled.2. What worried Claire before the ride?A. She might be injured on the road.B. She would be unable to lead the team.C. Her tea
44、m might be looked down on.D. Her team couldnt finish the route.3. Which of the following can best describe the team?A. Confident, calm and friendly.B. Honest, patient and open-minded.C. Strong-minded, brave and caring.D. Curious, creative and experienced.4. What did Claire think of the journey?A. It
45、 could have taken less time.B. It was amazing and inspiring.C. It changed her idea about human nature.D. It was more difficult than she had expected.【答案】l.B 2.D 3.C 4. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 24岁的英国志愿者Claire Wyatt带领8名柬埔寨残 疾人，从柬埔寨首都金边骑行155英里，到Siem Reap筹集资金，并为那些在冠状病毒大流 行中需要帮助的人提供物资的故事。1 .细节理解题。根据第一段Claire
46、Wyatt, a 24-year-old British volunteer, led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh, the nations capital, to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need in the coronavirus pandemic（新冠病毒 大流行）.“（ 24岁的英国志愿者Claire Wyatt带领8名柬埔寨残疾人，从柬埔寨首都金边骑 行15
47、5英里,到Siem Reap筹集资金,并为那些在冠状病毒大流行中需要帮助的人提供物资。） 可知，Claire和8个柬埔寨人骑行155英里是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选B项。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段When she was first asked to lead the trip, Claire admitted, she was feeling nervous about . with a disability can come with added physical and emotional challenges.（Claire承认，当她第一次被要求带领这次旅行时，她对她的团队在短短
48、几天内 走这么远的路程感到紧张，因为残疾人骑自行车可能会带来额外的身体和情感上的挑战。） 可知，她担心她的团队不能完成这么远的路程。故选D项。3 .推理判断题。根据第四段“One team member named Dy, who lost an arm in an accident, biked using justthat she had seen abled cyclists give up on before79 （一个名叫 Dy 的队员在一次事故中失去了一只手臂，他骑自行车只用一只手臂来保持平衡。另一个名叫Vulta的人由 于脊髓灰质炎只能一边蹬踏。尽管困难重重，克莱尔很快意识到她不必担心她的团队。她看 到他们处理崎岖的地区，她以前见过健全的骑自行车的人会放弃。）和第五段“The volunteers covered the distance in just four days, not only helping so many people across the country, but also overcoming huge difficulties to get there.”（志愿者们仅用了四天的时间就跑完了全程， 不仅帮助了全国各地这么多的人，而且克服了巨大的困难。）以及第六段中Claire所说的话 “The best thing