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1、专题26阅读理解之七选五考点题型技巧号考向分析分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇(discourse)通常 是由句子和语段(sentence group)构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能 够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句 子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的”积句而成章，积章而成 篇。”就是这个道理。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分 析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种
2、过渡形式， 段落(paragraph)是在某些语体(如记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段 落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的 方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在 分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间 的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰, 只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。视斐导航【得分要点】(I)在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句， 因为“开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是
3、最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题 所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进 行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可 以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不 是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结式，如两 者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it too tight, while the best way to k
4、eep love is to give it wings!A. Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss.B. She gave them sonic delicious food and left.C. One day she left with the two birds at home alone.D. She took them home and put them in a small cage.E.She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air.F.On
5、e day the girl left the door of the cage open.GSuddenly she felt the bird go softly.6、My dad passed away yesterday and I am processing everything. Its hard to try and find positivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me so much when he was healthy, and when he wasnt, I wanted to share some of the lesson
6、s.Be on the phone less. This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didnt matter. 11. This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey.A. . Sometimes we need people to lean on
7、 My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. Wc were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like weve done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.Not everyone will understand your experience. 13. Just knowing people are here f
8、or us means a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and (hats okay as we are all different.Family is not necessarily the people who brought you into this world. I am adopted and I know we chose each other. 14. I also loved my father very much.Theres nothing more import
9、ant than being with the ones you love. I was able to hold my Dad when he took his last breath. My mom and I made sure that my dad knew he was loved through (his journey. 15. Everything else is secondary.B. All that mattered was him.C. Love is what truly matters.D. Surround yourself with a support sy
10、stem.E. And he loved me more (han anyone on (his Earth.E.Its okay not to remember the reason for everythingF.Really, we can handle more than we ever thought possible.GThis was a long and hard journey for my mom and I and all of those who care about us.7、I experienced years of loneliness as a child.
11、16. His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me ever
12、y evening. 17. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 18.My mother also encourag
13、ed me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 19. I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and
14、transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点)others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.20. Mv parents made it a point tbr their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his fri
15、ends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They,re all memories I treasure today.A. I wasnt alone any longer.B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C. I was invited to play with another kid.D. I loved the colorful photographs i
16、n the books.E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.G.My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.8、As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions that you cant figure out what to do fir
17、st.21.When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of whats important. One of the best ways to see the big picture - what you want out of life - is to lay out your goals.Pressure Points and How to Deal With ThemConfused or overwhelmed 22. . Discuss your conce
18、rns with a friend, parent or teacher. They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.Being too hard on yourself - ease up, take a break and do something you enjoy. Daydream, read a book, go out with friends - anything that helps you relax.Problems, problems, problems - recognize your
19、limits. Ifs too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once. 23.Goal-Setting TipsIts important to remember that goals belong to you - not to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. After youve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. 24., do some researc
20、h. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.25. . If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify (he barriers to getting your goals. Consider ways to overcome them. Dont get depressed by a big, long-term goal - see what steps you can
21、 take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able“ goals.A. Too much to doIf youre not sure what skills youll needB. talk to someone you trustGoals exist to serve youE.Balancing goals in lifeF.Choose whats most urgent and set aside the rest until laterGAs long as you know what ski
22、ll is important and what isntAbout 43 years ago, spotted an advertisement in the paper for the YMCA wilderness program.26. My first experience was a boat trip. I still have the images of sunrises and sunsets with all the beautiful colours on Lake of the Woods.27. Even now I can feel the cold water d
23、ripping down my arm as we sat in the boat pulling the paddles awkwardly through running water. It was my first experience in a boat and my arms became tired after many hours of paddling.We slopped for lunch in the boat by gathering all (he boats together. 28.At night it was time to camp at our site
24、picked out by our guide. There we learned to start campfires and cook some of our meals. This is where fell in love with noodles. 29. We cleaned up our mess and put up our tents and slept on the ground. We learned to carry the heavy packs to our next destination. I developed a sense of accomplishmen
25、t and had arm muscles after that trip.There were no phones, makeup, hair dryers. just us and the bush. Wc came from different backgrounds with different personalities and we all had to work together as a group.30. . I kept a journal from (hat second trip and often go back to it.A. They dropped us of
26、f in the bush.B. I had to experience more of the wilderness.C. I was 15 and wanted to do something different.D. Our guide handed out chocolate, chccsc, and dried meat.E.I liked the boat trip so much that I joined the survival trip the next year.F.It was wonderful sharing simple meals over (he fire a
27、nd talking with new friends.GAs a teenager, didnt know that I was having the best adventure a teenager could have.(2)做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗， 再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外， 如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文 章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确 定的题目。(3)做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空
28、白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语 义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还 是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它 选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容 相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选 项。(4)切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这 类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。【答题技巧】1 .如果空白在段首通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根
29、据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其 他相关词，从而推断出主题句。(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文的第一、二句，锁定线索词， 然后在选项中查找相关词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是 紧密衔接的。段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望，阅读上一段的结尾部分，并结合下一段的内 容，将所选的答案代入，看其是否能承上启下，将两段内容连起来。2 .如果空白在段尾(1)重点阅读空白前的一两句以锁定关键词。通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词, 选项中也可发现前文的同义词、句。(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词
30、， 同时注意选项内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是要补全说明本段主题的其他细 节，在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现 同义词等其他线索。前句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的，要特别注意阅读这样 相连的两句。(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可 考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。3 .如果空白构成一整个自然段(1)这个段落应该起承上启下的作用，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此 可重点阅读较长的
31、选项，以此类推，直至找到正确答案。(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句，寻找相关的线索，而且重要线索 通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更重要。(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代 入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，即为正确答案。【题型分析】Paulo Magalhacs, a 34-ycar-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Romes Colosseum. Or A
32、fricas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall. 31I often send postcards to family and friends. he says to China Daily, but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it 32 Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started
33、looking in a somewhatunlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulos hunch (直觉)paid off.Today his hobby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countr
34、ies and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 33 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may
35、 be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing thats English since it,s widely spoken.Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we know of many postcrossing members,
36、 including Chinese, who have actually improved (heir English skills through their use of postcrossing, Paulo says.A. And thats totally fineThat makes it extra hard to learn and practice itB. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobbyMany love to make a connection with someone
37、from across the world.C. On August 5, (he number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.D. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.G In short, he loves postcards, and (he excitement of gelling a hand-written note from someone far away
38、.1、I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of (he writt
39、en word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother (ook me to (he public library once a week (o borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading open
40、ed new worlds to me. 33My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot
41、 about how io extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a irait(特点)others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.35 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brot
42、her, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more.Theyre all memories I treasure today.A. I wasnt alone any longer.B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C. I was invited to play with another
43、 kid.D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.G My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.3、Some individuals are bom with a gift fbr public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a go
44、od public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you fbcus on the “publicat the expense of thespeaking. 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be
45、yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In faetjnost people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking wh
46、en you make a mistake unless ils a truly serious one. 18Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker, i9 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.20 Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker
47、had spoken longer. On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, UFm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! ”So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing tor more than
48、shifting restlessly in their seals wailing for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You dont need to apologize fbr a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceTake the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.H检测训练Learning a new language like English can be a challenge.1. Classes are important, but so is disciplined practice. It