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1、专题15阅读理解【练习】2022年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）（一）A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Looking out of the window of his truck. Bob Fitzgerald sees dying forests and empty farmland. Fitzgerald says the land has been in his family since the 17th century. I can show you land around here that people grew tomatoes on when
2、I was a little boy. And now its gone.Climate （气候）change is making things worse. As sea levels rise, salt water is entering rivers and other waterways. As a result, the land is becoming too salty for crops to grow on. Hundreds of millions of people will be forced to move inland because of rising wate
3、rs.Kaie Tully, a researcher in the University of Maryland, wants to keep coastal farmers in business as the seas rise. She has seen the forests filled with pine trees killed by the increasingly salty soil. The United States Department of Agriculture gave Tully and other researchers $1.1 million to s
4、tudy the problem. She and her team hope to give fanners ways to stay on their land.They are testing different crops on pieces of land around the Eastern Shore. Sorghum is my new favorite crop because it can grow without rain and it can grow with lots of rain. The grain （谷类）crop may be a good choice
5、to feed the nearly 600 million chickens kept in the area each year. As farmers know, chickens can deal with salt, dry weather conditions and heavy rains. Yet just being able to grow a crop is not enough. The crop has to bring in money.Some people believe the land should be given back to nature. They
6、 say the fields should be turned into wetlands, which are popular with duck hunters （猎人）.“Theres money in duck hunting, Tully said. Hunting organizations will pay fanners for hunting on their land. Farmers could make a lot of money from duck hunting.Tully and her team arc just getting started. It wi
7、ll be a few years before they really understand how to save the farms.1. How docs the author introduce the topic?A. By making a comparison.B. By showing an experience.17. Which sees the most fairs and festivals on Long Island?A. Spring.B. SummerC. Autumn.D. Winter.18. Where will science fans prefer
8、to celebrate their birthday?A. At Animal Exhibit.B. At The Mattituck Strawberry Festival.C. At Home Depot Kids Workshop.D. Al ChuckE. Cheeses.【答案】16. CA17. C【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了 Long Island的几个鲜为人知的好去处，很适合父母们带孩子去进行探 索。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。16 .考查推理判断。根据第一
9、段“You may have your favorite family spots on Long Island where you frequently take the kids. But there may be unexpected places you havent explored yet.”你可能在长岛有最喜欢的家庭景点， 你经常带孩子去。但可能还有一些意想不到的地方，你还没有探索过。说到了“你”带着孩子，一家人到长岛 游玩，后面介绍的四处景点也都是适合带着孩子去探索一番的。可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是父母。故 选C。17 .考查细节理解。根据 The Mattituck Str
10、awberry Festival 部分中的“The fall season offers the largest abundance of fairs and festivals”秋季提供了最丰富的博览会和节日。可知，秋季是这里博览会和节bl最多的 时节，故选C。18 .考查推理判断。根据 Animal Exhibit 部分中的“Kids can also learn about science and participate in programs and workshops throughout (he year. The Animal Exhibit is also a hotspot
11、tor science-themed birthday parties.”孩子 们还可以学习科学，并参加全年的项目和工作坊。动物展览也是科学为主题的生日派对的热点。可知，科 学迷会很乐意选择Animal Exhibit来庆祝他们的生日，故选A。BThe Red Cross is known for doing some of the most heroic acts in the world. There are Red Cross societies in 190 countries all over the world. Their task is to prevent and allev
12、iate human suffering in the face of sudden serious situations by organizing the power of volunteers and asking people to donate（捐献）.In 1860, Swiss businessman and social activist, Jean Henri Dunant, saw the effects of war, and countries not prepared or able to deal with the suffering of those who ha
13、d been injured in the Battle of Solferino during the second War of Italian Independence. Dunant organized a group of volunteers to help bring water and food to （he injured, （o help with medical treatment, or to write letters to the families of those who were dying. After that moment, he knew that mo
14、re had to be done, and he wrote the book, A Memory of Solferino, which encouraged the public to create an organization which would help the wounded. His writing encouraged more people to support him in creating the International Federation of the Red Cross. And in 1863, International Committee of th
15、e Red Cross was founded.The modern-day Red Cross does more than nursing soldiers during wartime. The group began to spend most of its time on disaster relief and epidemic （流彳了病）treatment. It has achieved even greater service in humanitarian 道主义的）programs that serve continuously in both peace and war
16、.One of the easiest ways you can help （he Red Cross is to make sure you are able to donate blood and make an appointment at the Red Cross website. But, donating blood isnt the only way you can help out the Red Cross also encourages you to donate your time if you can, along with other things the mode
17、rn-day Red Cross wants you to know.18. What docs the underlined word alleviate in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Lighten.B. Report.C. Express.D. Find.19. Why did Dunant write A Memory of Solferino?A. To make more people know the Red Cross.B. To ask more people to help the wounded.C. To let people see the effec
18、t of wars.D. To call on people to stop wars.20. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To introduce the Red Cross website.B. To explain the Red Crosss future work.C. To show how the Red Cross helps needy people.D. To encourage people to offer help in the Red Cross.【答案】19. AB20. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，
19、介绍了红十字会的来历，和它的主要职能，并且鼓励人们为红十字会提供帮 助。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推埋判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准 确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。19 .考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Their task is to prevent and alleviate human suffering in the face of sudden serious situations by organizing the power of volunteers and asking people to donate
20、（捐献）.“他们的任务是通过组 织志愿者的力量，呼吁人们捐款来预防和减轻人类在面对突发的严重情况时的痛苦。可知，红十字会的任 务是通过阻止志愿者以及愿意捐赠的人预防和减轻面对突发严重情况的人的痛苦，由此推测划线词的意思 是降低/减少二故选A。20 .考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“After that moment, he knew that more had to be done, and he wrote the book, A Memory of Solferino, which encouraged the public to create an organization which w
21、ould help the wounded.”在 那一刻之后，他知道还有更多工作要做，于是他写了索尔费里诺的记忆一书，鼓励公众创建一个帮助 伤员的组织。可知Dunant写这本书的目的是鼓励公众建立一个可以帮助伤员的组织。故选.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的But, donating blood isnt the only way you can help out the Red Cross also encourages you to donate your time if you can, along with other things the modern-day Red Cross wa
22、nts you to know.“但是，献血并不是您可以提供帮助的唯一方式一红十字会还鼓励您尽可能捐出自己的时间，以及 现代红十字会希望您知道的其他事情。可推测最后一段是为了鼓励人们向红十字会提供帮助。故选DoCWhen the cal Fluffy disappeared from her home in Navarre, Ohio, her owner found her high in a tree. She wasnt immediately worried because everyone （old her that cats always came down when （hey w
23、ere hungry.That was on a Friday. On Sunday, when the white cat still wouldnt budge and stayed high in the tree, Ellen Albert called Eric Valley Fire and Rescue for help with her pct.Fluffy was about 40 feet in the air. Too high fbr the ladders （梯子）we carry, Ryan Shanowcr of Eric ValleyFire and Rescu
24、e says. She was also near some power lines that caused danger. We tried cat food on day two of her being there and hoped by evening shed be down. High winds and hard rain on day one evening and most of daytwo made the rescue difficult.Fire Chief Rick Annen made his guess about how the cat ended up s
25、o high in the tree. Annen saw hawks （鹰） sitting on a building across the street and noticed Fluffys collar （颈圈）was missing. He supposed that a hawk had picked up Fluffy by the collar and that she had gotten free and fallen high in the tree.By day three, the rain had stopped, but Fluffy still wouldnt
26、, or couldnt, come down. The fire department reached out to a local tree service to see if theyd lend a hand to the frightened cat. They showed up with a bucket （ruck （铲斗车）ihey use to cut （all trees away. Once the bucket （ruck was up in the air, Fluffy was down in a minute or two.It was a happy endi
27、ng, for sure, but not a common days work for these firefighters.21. How did Ellen Albert feel after finding her cat in a tree at first?A. Worried.B. Calm.C. Angry.D. Helpless.22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to budge in Paragraph 2?A. Eat.B. Trap.Fall.D. Move.23. How was the cat resc
28、ued finally?A. By using a bucket truck.By cutting the tree down.C. By providing food for her.By using a long enough ladder.【答案】22. BD23. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只猫跑到了树上，好几天不下来，最后在消防员使用铲斗车的帮助 下，终于救下这只猫。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。22 .考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She was
29、nt immediately worried because everyne told her that cats always came down when they were hungry.她没有立即表示担忧，因为每个人都告诉她，当猫饿了适合，它们总会下 来的。可知起初她是平静的，故选.考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的On Sunday when the cat still wouldnt budge and stayed high in the tree?, 在周口，当这只猫仍然不想动弹，高高地待在树上时。可知move与budge类似，故选D。23 .考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The
30、y showed up with a bucket truck they use to cut tall trees away.Once the bucket truck was up in the air, Fluffy was down in a minute or two.”他们与一辆用来看高大树木的铲斗 车一起出现。铲斗车一升到空中，Fluffy 一两分钟内就下来了。故选A。DMost young people enjoy some forms of physical activity.lt may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in win
31、ter, skating or skiing.lt may be a game of some formsfootball, basketball, hockey golf or tennis.lt may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion of climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take r
32、isks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There arc no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football.There are, of cou
33、rse, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore but it is this freedom from man-made rules ihal makes mountaineering attractive (o many people.Those who climb mountains are free (o use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports we might think that
34、 one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this.There are, it is (rue, no “matches“ between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which (heir lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber know
35、s that he may have to fight forces that arc stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve his skills year by year.A skier is probably past his best by the age of (hirly.But it is
36、not unusual tbr men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in (he Alps.They may take more time than younger men but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.24. What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?
37、A. Soccer and golf.B. Skiing and skating.C. Cycling and hockey.D. Mountaineering.25. What docs the underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 mean?B. Good way.A. Strong emotion.C. Better skill.D. Good reason.26. Why does the author think mountaineering is a sport, not a game?A. Because it has man-made
38、 rules.B. Because it is too dangerous for climbers.C. Because it cant bring people joy or leisure.D. Because it is free for climbers to use Iheir own methods.27. What can we learn from the passage?A. Mountaineering is not attractive to people.B. Physical quality is more important than mental one for
39、 climbers.C. A mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty.D. It is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps.【答案】25. BA26. DD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了登山这项运动的吸引人之处和这项运动对登山者的要求。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇健身类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。25 .考查细节理解。根据第一段中的It may b
40、e walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing?* 可能是步行、骑自行车或游泳，或者在冬天，滑冰或滑雪。可知在冬季，人们最喜欢滑雪和滑冰，故选B。26 .考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Those who have a passion of climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.”那些对攀登又高又难的山有激情的人经常被大家吃惊地仰视。可知passion是 “激情、热情”之意，故选A。27 .考查细节
41、理解。根据第三段中的“There are no man-made rules, as (here are for such games as golf and football.”没有人为的规则，就像高尔夫和足球这样的比赛；以及“Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.”爬山的人可以自由地使用自己的方法。可知作者认为登山是一项运动，而不是一种游戏 是因为登山没有人为制定的规则，登山者可以自由选择自己的方式，故选D。28 .考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But it is not unusual for men o
42、f fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps”可知，五六十岁的男人爬上阿尔卑斯山的最高峰也不是不常见，故选D。（三）AMany people have fears while traveling abroad. But with so many good places to visit in this world, fears that hold you back are stopping you from wonderful experiences more than they are protecting you.
43、Not being able to communicate can not only be worrying, but sometimes it can even be a bit scary. But dont let a fear of failing（o speak the foreign language inhibit you.First, try to learn a few words ahead of time, like please, thank you, hello, goodbye. This will go a long way in showing the loca
44、ls youre trying. A phrasebook can help, but remember that you may not understand the reply you get.Second, write down the hotel you chose, and any places of interest youre planning on visiting. It helps to show a taxi driver or someone youre asking directions from if you have it written down since i
45、ts possible that you wont pronounce it correctly.Third, one of the few words I find to be common is Toilet”. In the US people often ask where to find the bathroom or restroom, but thats not so easily understood for someone whose native language （母语）isnt English. But even in the middle of Southeast A
46、sia, people understand the word toilet.Lastly, try drawing. Andy and I were in a taxi in Izmir, Turkey trying to get to the castle, but the driver didnt know what we were saying. So Andy quickly drew a castle. The driver laughed and nodded, and then brought us to the castle.27. Whats the purpose of
47、the author telling us his own story in Izmir, Turkey?A. To tell us drawing is helpful.B. To show drawing is easy.C. To show they were wise.D. To tell us how to draw.28. What does the author try to do through the text?A. Reduce our fear of learning a foreign language.B. Teach us how to learn a foreig
48、n language abroad.C. Show us how to ask for help in foreign countries.D. Tell us how to communicate when we tour abroad.29. What docs the underlined word “inhibit“ in the first paragraph mean?A. Hurt.B. Change.C. Prevent.D. Protect.【答案】29. AD30. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，如果去国外旅游，但不懂什么外语，那怎么办呢？为此，作者给我们提出了 一些很有用的建议。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要步 根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。29 .考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“Laslly, try drawing 最后，尝试着去画。紧接着，作者就举了自己的 例子，因此此处作者举例的目的应该是告诉我们绘画是有用的，故选A.30 .考杳推理判断。综合全文，作者给出了几条在国外旅游时的建议，告诉我们在旅游过程中，如何处理 语言不通方面的困难。因此作者向告诉我们在国外旅游时如何交流，故选D。31 .考查词义猜测