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1、提高英语书面表达的提高英语书面表达的方法和技巧方法和技巧Jan 22，2016英语英语书面表达高分策略书面表达高分策略 高考英语书面表达常从如下六个方面进行判分高考英语书面表达常从如下六个方面进行判分1.内容要点是否完整；内容要点是否完整；2.词汇和语法结构运用是否得当词汇和语法结构运用是否得当 3.上下文是否连贯；上下文是否连贯；4.词数是否符合要求；词数是否符合要求；5.拼写与标点符号是否正确；拼写与标点符号是否正确；6.书写是否工整。书写是否工整。如果一篇书面表达覆盖了所有内容要点，应用了较多的如果一篇书面表达覆盖了所有内容要点，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，
2、使全文语法结构和词汇，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，这样就完全达到了预期的写作目的，就可以得到结构紧凑，这样就完全达到了预期的写作目的，就可以得到高分（高分（21-2521-25分）。分）。英语书面表达的解题要领（一）英语书面表达的解题要领（一）1.1.审题定向审题定向 书面表达的第一步是仔细审题，要仔细阅读试题要求及书面表达的第一步是仔细审题，要仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息，如图表、图画、数字等，要准确把握出题者的意相关信息，如图表、图画、数字等，要准确把握出题者的意图。具体地说，要注意以下三点：图。具体地说，要注意以下三点：1 1）审要求审要求：看清题目要求、说明及注意事项，
3、并包括词：看清题目要求、说明及注意事项，并包括词数、是否要写题目、开头结尾是否已写好，以及给出的参数、是否要写题目、开头结尾是否已写好，以及给出的参考词汇。考词汇。2 2）审要点）审要点：弄清所给要点提示并一一列出。如果是图画，：弄清所给要点提示并一一列出。如果是图画，一定要围绕主题合理想象，切忌随意发挥一定要围绕主题合理想象，切忌随意发挥3 3）审文体）审文体：根据要求，确定文体（应用文、说明文、记：根据要求，确定文体（应用文、说明文、记叙文）、格式（信件、启事、日记、便条、口头通知、书叙文）、格式（信件、启事、日记、便条、口头通知、书面通知）、作者身份（第几人称、主人、客人）及事件发面通知
4、）、作者身份（第几人称、主人、客人）及事件发展过程等。展过程等。英语书面表达的解题要领（二）英语书面表达的解题要领（二）2.2.把握时态、语言得当把握时态、语言得当正确使用动词的时态、语态是书面表达的重点。在高考阅卷中，对时态、语态的错误扣分是很重的！尽量多用习语。忌用中式英语。常见错误举例分析常见错误举例分析1.1.动词错误动词错误There have a great number number of friendly classmates here I have come to this school for five months.Wei Fang fell from the tree
5、and her leg hurt.He was put into prison for three years in his thirties though he hasnt done anything wrong.arehave been inhurt her leghadnt2.2.中式英语中式英语He cost five yuan to buy a new dictionary.Recently our village has taken place great changes.The factory broke out a big fire last Sunday.I was very
6、 difficult to refuse and had to receive her invitation.3.3.结构错误结构错误He wrote about 300 stories,some of them had been translated into Chinese.Each year many people die and are hurt on road accidents.We should teach children dont play and ride bikes on the road.英语书面表达的解题要领（三）英语书面表达的解题要领（三）3 3、紧扣要点、条理清楚
7、、紧扣要点、条理清楚可先在认真审题的基础上尽量用英语列出提纲。这样就不容易遗漏要点。叙述时，一般可按照提示语的先后，参照时间、事件、图画逐一叙述(如句式需要，也可适当调整语序)，就比较容易地达到“条理清楚”的要求。英语书面表达的解题要领（四）英语书面表达的解题要领（四）4 4、连贯流畅、书写规范、连贯流畅、书写规范 恰当地使用关联词语，使句子间的逻辑关系更加明确，使整篇文章条理清楚，连贯流畅，例如：句子连贯的相互关系举例句子连贯的相互关系举例He was interested in English and in maths as well.(递进递进)We all tried our best
8、;however,we lost the game.(转折转折)Either you must improve your work,or Ill fire you.(选择选择)It must have been raining all night,for all the roads are wet.(解释解释)There seemed to be no chances of success,therefore,all of them went away.(结果结果)To sum up,all your efforts will be highly paid.(总结总结)恰当地使用连接成分，使句
9、与句，段与段之间的过渡自恰当地使用连接成分，使句与句，段与段之间的过渡自然流畅，这是一篇好的文章所应具备的。常用过渡性词语有：然流畅，这是一篇好的文章所应具备的。常用过渡性词语有：1.表示表示文章结构顺序：文章结构顺序：firstly,secondly,thirdly,finallyinthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastlyto begin with,then,furthermore,finallyfirst and foremost,besides/in addition/whats more,last but not le
10、astfor one thing,for another thing;on the one hand,on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）（适用于两点的情况）2.2.表示表示并列补充关系的并列补充关系的:Whatismore，besides，except,moreover，furthermore，inaddition(另外，此外）3.3.表示表示转折对比关系的转折对比关系的:however;onthecontrary;butAlthough+clause(从句);Inspiteof+n/doingOn(the)onehandOntheotherhandSomewhileoth
11、ersone.theother4.4.表示表示前前因因后后果关系的：果关系的：because，becauseof,since,thanksto,so,asaresult,thus,therefore,luckily,unfortunately5.5.表示突出强调的：表示突出强调的：aboveall,afterall,atleast,atmost,surely,indeed,certainly,ofcourse6.6.表示同等并列的：表示同等并列的：and,also,aswellas,andthen7.7.表示层次递进的：表示层次递进的：besides,whatsmore,whatwaswors
12、e,tomakethematter(things)worse/better8.8.表达自己观点：表达自己观点：asfarasIknow/asfarasIamconcernedinmyopinion9.9.表示解释说明的表示解释说明的:thatistosay,forexample,andsoon,suchas,accordingto,forthisreason10.10.表示比较对比的表示比较对比的:justlike,justas,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,moreorless,soonerorlater11.11.表示概括总结的表示概括总结的:inaword,i
13、ngeneral,inshort,intheend,generallyspeaking,asyouknow,inconclusion，tosumup英语书面表达的解题要领（五）英语书面表达的解题要领（五）5 5、注意文采、妙用结构、注意文采、妙用结构(1)变化开头变化开头A group of children with beautiful flowers in their hands were marching in front of the parade(游行、阅兵游行、阅兵).Marching in front of the parade were a group of children
14、with beautiful flowers in their hands.(2)句型多样化，长短句结合句型多样化，长短句结合 例如例如2009年湖北卷书面表达，开头是年湖北卷书面表达，开头是Nice to read your e-mail today.I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.长短句结合，错落有致。长短句结合，错落有致。(3)运用分词或介词结构运用分词或介词结构When she heard the news,she began to cry.Hearing the ne
15、ws,she burst out crying/burst into tears.The woman carried a baby in her arms and got on the bus.With/Carrying a baby in her arms,the woman stepped onto the bus.Mr Smith was invited by Nanjing University,Mr Smith went to make a speech on DNA.Invited by Nanjing University,Mr Smith went to give a lect
16、ure on DNA.(4)适当使用惯用法，使句子富有表现力。适当使用惯用法，使句子富有表现力。例如，我们可把例如，我们可把 Soon we couldnt see the car.改成改成:The car sped up and was soon out of sight.(5)借助非谓语动词，丰富形式与效果。借助非谓语动词，丰富形式与效果。例如，在例如，在 2009年北京卷书面表达中，要表达我们骑自行车年北京卷书面表达中，要表达我们骑自行车去那里，一路上谈笑着，如果说成去那里，一路上谈笑着，如果说成 We went there by bike.We talked and laughed a
17、ll the way.句子很单调，如果说成：句子很单调，如果说成：We bicycled there,talking and laughing all the way.文章就活泼得文章就活泼得多。多。(6)运用倒装、强调手法运用倒装、强调手法The boy was so brave that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement(包围包围).So brave was the boy that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement(包围包围).I did not realize the
18、 importance of learning English well until then.Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English well.It was not until then that I realized the importance of learning English well.(7)适当运用被动结构适当运用被动结构 被动结构在英语中较为常见，如果能将文章中一两个句被动结构在英语中较为常见，如果能将文章中一两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使文章句型丰富。子变成被动语态，就会呈
19、现句型的变化，使文章句型丰富。例如：例如：We can borrow five books at most,and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成：这句话如果写成：At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.效果会效果会更好。更好。(8)适当使用名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。适当使用名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。例如例如2009 年全国卷年全国卷 I书面表达中，如果说书面表达中，如果说 I will come back at abou
20、t 5:00 pm.句子很平淡，说成句子很平淡，说成 I wont be back until about 5:00 pm,效果就好得多。效果就好得多。(9)适当使用插入结构，使句子层次有序。适当使用插入结构，使句子层次有序。例如例如 2009 年浙江卷的书面表达中说年浙江卷的书面表达中说 Li Yue and Zhang Hua are students from Class Three,Grade Two.They went to Sunshine Nursing Home,不如说不如说 Li Yue and Zhang Hua,students from Class Three,Grad
21、e Two,went to Sunshine Nursing Home,使用同位语作插入结构，句子很生动。使用同位语作插入结构，句子很生动。技技 巧巧1.使用较高级的词汇使用较高级的词汇3.使用恰当的连接词使用恰当的连接词词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧2.使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式1.Becausetheweatherwasgood
22、,ourjourneywascomfortable.2.Weallthinkheisagreatman.3.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.4.Thestudentsthereneedntpayfortheirbooks.5.Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.The plan turned out to be a failure.Thanks to the good weather,ourjourneywascomfortable.一、怎样使用较高级的词汇一、怎样使用较高级的词汇Weallthink highly of him.A good id
23、ea occurred to me./A good idea suddenly struck me.Books are free for the students there.6.Whensheheardhehaddied,shewentpalewithsorrow.7.ShewenttoAustriainordertostudymusic.8.Whenhespoke,hefeltmoreandmoreexcited.9.Inourschool,therearetwenty-sixclassrooms.10.Youcanfindmyhouseeasily.ShewenttoAustria fo
24、r the purpose of studying music.At the news of his death,shewentpalewithsorrow.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms.Youll have no trouble finding my house.1Whenhearrives,pleasegivemeane-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.2.Tohissurprise,thelittlegirlknowssomanything
25、s.（使用名词性从句）3.ThoughImweak,Illmaketheeffort.(使用倒装句)4.Hedidnotknowwhathadhappeneduntilhehadreadthenewsinthenewspaper.(使用强调句型)On his arriving,please give me an e-mail.What surprises him is thatthe little girl knows so many things.二、怎样使用较丰富的句式二、怎样使用较丰富的句式Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.It was not until
26、 he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.On one side oftheroadthereisanewclassroombuilding.On the other side,wheretheplaygroundusedtobenowstandsanothernewbuildingourlibrary.(NMET1999范文)As far as I know,everyoneishappyaboutthisnewarrangementofthings.(NMET2001范文)Whats more
27、,Icangotobedearlier.(NMET2001范文)三、怎样使用恰当的连接词三、怎样使用恰当的连接词书面表达书面表达(满分满分25分分)某某中中学学生生英英语语报报社社正正开开展展一一场场题题为为“Young teachers or elderly teachers,which do you prefer?”请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。老年教师老年教师青年教师青年教师教学耐心讲解细致经验丰富教学耐心讲解细致经验丰富精力充沛教学活泼勇于创新精力充沛教学活泼勇于创新你的观点你的观点?注意：注意：1 1词数词
28、数100100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数；左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数；2 2短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合 理，紧凑连贯理，紧凑连贯Some useful suggestions:1.对于英语基础不是很好的学生，可以这样处理：把所给的材料分为几个点，对于英语基础不是很好的学生，可以这样处理：把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用每个点用1-2句简单句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些句简单句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些高级词汇跟适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。高级词汇跟
29、适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。1.重点词汇的处理跟运用重点词汇的处理跟运用 1）Elderly teachers have more patience.They are more patient.2)Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.They are more careful with explanations.3)Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience.They are experienced in teaching.They have more/
30、rich teaching experience.4)Young teachers are full of energy.They have more energy.They are more energetic.5)Young teachers teaching is more lively.They can make their classes lively and interesting.6)Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.They are more ready to accept or create new idea
31、s.2.句型的灵活运用句型的灵活运用1）Some students may think old teachers teaching is better.In their opinion,old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient.Also,they can explain things more carefully.Some students may like elderly teachers teaching because They think elderly teachers have more
32、 teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations.2)Many young teachers work very hard.So their teaching is becoming better and better.Most young teachers devote themselves to their work,making them teach creatively and effectively.学生作品学生作品1：Comparewithyoungteachers
33、,Ipreferelderlyteachers.Therearesomereasonsbelow.Foronething,mostofelderlyteachersarepatientinteaching.Theynotonlysparenoefforttoteachthestudents,butalsogiveclassescarefully.Theywilldoalltheycantomakethestudentsunderstandtheteachingcontent.Whatgoodteachers!Foranotherthing,elderlyteachersarefulloftea
34、chingexperience.Thisisalsothemostimportant,especiallyforusseniorstudents.Thisisonlymyopinion.Ithinkyoungteachersarealsogood.点评：亮点：1、观点鲜明，词汇句型的运用比较灵活2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连贯、条理清楚。2、审题不全面，忽略了对青年教师这部分信息的处理。这一点是比较大的失误。1)2)3)1)Compared2)more3)trytomaketheclasseslivelyandinteresting不足之处：1、个别地方的表达需要改进。学生作品学生作品
35、2:Opinions are divided on this question.Some students who like the elderlyteachers more than the young ones think thatthe elderly ones are more patient in teaching,more careful in explaining and also have a lot of experience.However,the others have a differentopinion.They think the teachers who arey
36、oung are full of energy.Besides,theirteaching is lively and they dare to bring inthe new ideas.Well,in my opinion,I like both the elderlyteachers and the young ones because fromthem we both can learn a lot.点评：点评：亮点：亮点：1、段落清楚，要点齐、段落清楚，要点齐全，句式表达比较灵全，句式表达比较灵活，能适当运用复句。活，能适当运用复句。2、过渡词运用也比较、过渡词运用也比较熟练。熟练。
37、需要改进的地方：需要改进的地方：1）2)3)4)1)prefer the elderly teachers to the young ones2)with explanations3)the 去掉去掉4)The young teachersOne possible version:Opinionsaredividedonthisquestion.Somestudentsmaylikeelderlyteachersteachingbecausetheythinkelderlyteachershavemoreteachingexperienceandthattheytendtobepatienta
38、ndcarefulwithexplanations.However,Iprefertobetaughtbyyoungteachers.Tobeginwith,westudentshavemuchincommonwiththem.Sotheyareourfriendsaswellasourteachers.Then,theyaremoreenergeticandenthusiastic.Usuallytheycanmaketheirclasseslivelyandinteresting.Whatsmore,theyaremorereadytoacceptorcreatenewideas,incl
39、udingteaching.Lastbutnotleast,mostyoungteachersdevotethemselvestotheirwork,makingthemteachcreativelyandeffectively.Inaword,Ipreferyoungteacherstoelderlyteachers.联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的
40、教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。2）词数：100-120之间。书面表达：书面表达：Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool.Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince1978.Peopleherearericherthanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Theschoolherewasverysmall.Now
41、ithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyenjoyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool!Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool!Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabou
42、t500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince1978.Peopleherearericherthanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Thisvillageisa small one with/which hasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.However,ithaschangedalotsince1978 and has been developing very fast.Peopleherelive a much better
43、lifethanbefore.书面表达书面表达：Nowitistakingonanewlook.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmall.Nowithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyenjoyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmalland mo
44、st children couldnt afford to go to school.Butnowithasbeenrebuiltand which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one inthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Whats more,theyenjoyfreeeducation.May you enjoy your stay herethenewlybuiltteachingbuilding/May you have a pleasant time here!Thankyou.
45、Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool!Thisvillageisa small one with/which hasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.However,ithaschangedalotsince1978and has been developing very fast.Peopleherelive a much better lifethanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmal
46、land most children couldnt afford to go to school.Butnowithasbeenrebuiltandthenewlybuiltteachingbuildingwhich has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one inthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Whats more,theyenjoyfreeeducation.May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a pleasant time here!Tha
47、nkyou.看图写话的写作要领1.仔细审图 (特别注意时间、地点、方位、物品、颜色、数字、性别等)2.提纲立目(一般用keywords列出要点)3.连词成篇4.检查润饰 1)要点是否遗漏要点是否遗漏?2)动词是否用错动词是否用错?3)语言是否得当语言是否得当(有否拼写错误有否拼写错误)?4)全文是否连贯全文是否连贯?。下面四幅图描述了你班同学上周的一次研究性活动。请你根据图画内容用英语写一篇短文,在某英语刊物上介绍这次活动情况One possible versionLastweek,wedidresearchintohowlaid-offworkersgettheirnewjobs.Wehad
48、adiscussioninthreegroupsandthenbeganourresearchseparately.GroupOnesurfedontheInternetandlearnedthatmostofthelaid-offworkershadalreadygottheirnewjobs.Inthevocationaltrainingcentre,thestudentsinGroupTwowere toldthattherewerefivetrainingcoursesforlaid-offworkers.Aftertraining,theybeganworking asrepaire
49、rs,cooks,typists,householdworkersandsalespersons.Theotherstudentsinterviewedsomelaid-offworkerswhohadgotnewjobs.Awomansaid,“With the help ofthecitygovernment,Ivefoundmyjob.”What a great deal weve learned through the research!关于图表的英语书面表达的写作要领1.审读图表(一般用keywords列出要点)2.提纲立目3.连词成篇4.检查润饰 1)要点是否遗漏要点是否遗漏?2)
50、动词是否用错动词是否用错?3)语言是否得当语言是否得当(有否拼写错误有否拼写错误)?4)全文是否连贯全文是否连贯?请根据下列表格的内容，阐述一下你对减少城市人口的看法。建议项具体措施目的1A.晚婚B.一对夫妇一个孩子减少人口自然增长（人口出生率）2严格控制外地人进城务工经商减轻外地人口对城市的压力3A.在郊区，建造生活、商业、文教、卫生、娱乐休闲生活小区B.在城市的县里建造卫星城吸引城市居民到郊区和卫星城工作和生活。Ourmoderncityistoocrowded,andtosolvetheproblem,Ihavethreesuggestions.First of all,practise