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1、如何提高中学生英语书面表达的如何提高中学生英语书面表达的能力能力实际教学中学生在写作中经常出现的错误实际教学中学生在写作中经常出现的错误教师在教学中的困惑教师在教学中的困惑考纲上对写作的要求考纲上对写作的要求我校高一、高二的具体做法我校高一、高二的具体做法我校高三的具体做法我校高三的具体做法 写作课实例写作课实例二、老师们在英语课堂教学中经常遇到二、老师们在英语课堂教学中经常遇到的困惑的困惑1、如何让学生得高分？2、如何避免书面表达中经常出现的一些低级错误？3、如何让一些能力较弱的学生写出一些像样的句子？4、如何让学生写出流畅的句子，而不是一些生搬硬套的短语的堆砌？5、如何让整篇文章读起来通顺
2、，流畅？What makes a good article?Beautiful handwritingLarge vocabularyVarious sentence structuresCorrect grammarProper conjunctions How to write more beautiful sentences in our compositions?(重庆卷重庆卷)学校网站新开设了一个学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作英语写作”栏栏目目（column），以便学生发表（），以便学生发表（post）英语作）英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏文，进行交流，提高写作能力。
3、现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：开设目的开设目的 栏目优势：教师在线（栏目优势：教师在线（on line）指导等指导等 作文要求：内容贴近学生生活作文要求：内容贴近学生生活 优秀作文的鼓励办法优秀作文的鼓励办法 邀请大家参与邀请大家参与 注意：注意：1.词数词数100左右左右2.开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）Welcome to the column“writing English”!Welcome to the column“English Writing”!Recently the school website has
4、set up a new column called“English Writing”,which provides students with the chances to post their compositions and communicate with each other.Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way,but also they can strengthen their self-confidence.The column has lots of advantages.It is t
5、he teachers guide on line that has the advantage over other columns.If necessary,the students can have a direct“ask and answer”with professional teachers.It is required that the compositions should be related to the students life.Whats more,if it is organized well enough,the writer will be rewarded
6、for it.Hoping for the students participation.Not only can students定语从句定语从句条件句和被动句条件句和被动句主语从句主语从句So what advanced structures can we use when writing compositions?1.非谓语动词非谓语动词(non-predicate verbs)(-ing,-ed,-to do)2.倒装句倒装句(inversion)3.各种从句：各种从句：(clauses)名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 4.强调句强调句(structure
7、 emphasis)5.被动语态被动语态(passive voice)巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力(一一)非谓语动词的使用非谓语动词的使用1.The bridge is being built in the town.The bridge will make the island a tourist attraction.(现在分词现在分词)2.Successful business are those which are built around good personal relationships.(过去分词过去分词)3.He wants to improve
8、 his spoken English.He often talks with the native speakers.(不定式不定式)The bridge being built in the town will make Successful business are those built around In order to improve his spoken English,he often talks with(二二)倒装句的使用倒装句的使用1.We can save the animals by changing the plants we eat.Only 2.She is
9、clever but she never works hard.as3.The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.On the other side of the street by changing the plants we eat can we save Clever she is,she never works hard.stands the clock tower.(三）强调句的使用三）强调句的使用1.The teachers words encouraged her greatly.（强调（强调主语）主语）2.we
10、 have an easy access to the internet for information in the E-reading room(强调强调地点状语地点状语)(2006浙江浙江)It was the teachers words that encouraged her greatly.It is in the E-reading room that we have an easy access to the internet for information（四）从句的使用（四）从句的使用1.To our surprise,he refused to take the posi
11、tion.（名词性从句）（名词性从句）2.When he climbed up higher,he felt more breathless.(比较状语从句）比较状语从句）3.We all know that the Beijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success.(非限制性定语从句）非限制性定语从句）What surprised us was that he refused to take The higher he climbed up,the more breathless he felt.As is known to us all,the B
12、eijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success1.We should take many measures to protect the earth where we live.Many measures should be taken to protect the earth where we live.(五五)被动语态被动语态(福建福建)目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinat
13、ions”根据下根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：主要原因主要原因:考试偏多、偏难考试偏多、偏难;不用功、懒惰不用功、懒惰;取悦取悦 父母、老师父母、老师个人看法个人看法:作弊不对作弊不对;违反校规违反校规;要诚实，努力学要诚实，努力学 习习;（其他方法）（其他方法）注意注意:1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥 2.短文标题与开头已为你写好短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数不计入总词数 3.词数词数100左右左右.4参考词汇：作弊参考词汇：作弊 cheat开头开头:It is known to u
14、s all that some students cheat in examination at school.Now lets list some important points and discuss what complex structures we can use1、考试偏多、偏难、考试偏多、偏难2、不用功、懒惰、不用功、懒惰There are too many examinations.They are too difficult for us.Better:Sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficu
15、lt for us.We are lazy and dont work hard.Better:Not only are some of the students lazy but they also dont work hard at their lessons.Or:Some of the students dont work hard because they are lazy.3、取悦父母、老师、取悦父母、老师4、作弊不对、违反校规、作弊不对、违反校规5、要诚实，努力学习、要诚实，努力学习They want to please their parents and teachers.Be
16、tter:_ please their parents and teachers,they sometimes cheat when _ examinations.In order totaking Cheating in examinations is wrong.It breaks the rules of schools.Better:It is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.We students should be honest and study hard.Better:_
17、is to be honest and try to get good results by _instead of _ in examinations.What we students should dostudying hardcheating 总结2从范文入手，让学生获取好文章的信息好文章所具备的一些要点从要点分析让学生学会正确地表达如何使学生进一步完善自己写的结构三、考纲上对写作的要求2012年江苏省考试说明上对书面表达的要求如下：要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、方位、关系、内容、数据等；提供情景的形式如图画、图表、提纲、信函等；
18、考生应能：1）根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇；2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。第五档作文-第三档作文的要求第五档（21-25分）：完全覆盖所有任务，完全达到预期写作目的，应用了较多语法结构和词汇，具备较强的语言应用能力，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，内容连贯。第四档（16-20分）：较好地完成规定任务，达到预期写作目的，应用基本准确，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三档（11-15分）：基本完成规定任务，整体达到预期写作目的，有一些词语和结构的错误，但不影响理解，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，是全文内容连贯。2012年江苏高考作
19、文81.生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“HappyTeens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执,等等分析发生冲突的原因1.遇事不够冷静2.谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)参考范文Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.Duringthebasketballgameyesterdayafternoon,SuHuaandLiJiangbumpedintoeachother,tryingtocatchth
20、eball.Thentheystartedshoutingandyelling,whichturnedintoahorriblequarrel.Tobehonest,itwasSusfaultbutLiwasalsotoblametheywerenotcalmenoughandbothsaidsomereallymeanthings.Theycaredtoomuchaboutwinningandlosing.Asamatteroffact,blocking,pushingandbumpingarejustpartofatoughgame.Toavoidsuchconflicts,weshoul
21、dbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyaharmoniouslife.Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothersplace.Dontbeself-centeredandtrytobeconsiderate.Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwis
22、ely.四、我校高一、高二年级英语教学中关于书面表达的具体做法课文佳句仿写课文同题材仿写利用平时的教学教会学生一些写作中的得分点课文佳句仿写如M1Unit1Reading中有这样一个句子：He also told us that the best way to earnrespectwastodevoteourselvestostudyandachievehighgrades.在课后布置的作业中就可以设计这样的翻译句：英语老师告诉我们要提高英语水平的最好的方法是：花一些时间看英语电视节目或参加一些英语俱乐部。Our English teacher tells us that the best
23、way to improveEnglishistodevoteourselvestowatchingEnglishprogramsonTVorjoinEnglishclubs.大家都相信要改善交通拥挤的最好的方式是：市民们应该骑自行车外出，而要少开私家车。It is believed that the best way to betterthetrafficisthatthecitizenshadbetterridebicyclesinsteadofdrivingprivatecars.又如：M3Unit2Grammar的B部分中有这样一个句子：What we should doaboutth
24、eincreasingnumberof“borrowedwords”inourvocabulary is something thatdeservescarefulthought.这个句子中有2个从句的形式，同时又是写作中的一个好句，所以课后的作业中我们就给学生布置这样的题目：让他吃惊的是他根本无法支付这一大笔钱的事实。What shocked him most was the fact thathecouldntaffordtheheavymedicalfees.图片所传递我们的是这样的信息：我们有责任应该尽可能努力使我们的社会成为一个居住的好地方。What the picture conv
25、eys us is the message thatitisourresponsibilitytomakeoursocietyagoodplacetolivein.课文同题材仿写在实际的考试中，写作的形式有些完全是课本上相关的内容，例如：M2Unit1Task中的Step3:Writingareport（所占的比例）的图表形式就是书面表达中经常出现的考试形式，所以当课堂上让学生熟练掌握了如何写这一类的文章后，课后的写作就可以布置这样的内容：2010年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今年春晚植入广告的态度”的调查，请根据以下饼图（piecha
26、rt）所示信息用英语写一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。注意：1对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。3植入广告：productplacement优秀作文展示1The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates,which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the programs.Accordingtothepiechart,wecansee15
27、%ofthesurveyedpeoplethinkitsdifficulttodevelopCCTVwithouttheproductplacement,becauseitcanprovideenoughmoney.Atthesametime,20%ofthemthinktheproductplacementispresentedintheprograminanaturalway.Ontheotherhand,therestofthepeopleareagainstthemoveandtheyhavetheirownreasons.Nearlyonethirdofthemsaytheprodu
28、ctplacementhaslittletodowiththeprograms,whichreducestheirinterestsintheprograms.And10%ofthepeopleholdtheideathatthedisadvantagethatitruinstheimageofCCTVoutweighsitsadvantage.Besides,aquartercomplaintherearetoomuchproductplacementintheprograms.AsfarasImconcerned,evenifitscommontoseeproductplacement,I
29、dontthinkitshouldappearinsomeprogramsofartandculture.优秀作文展示2The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates,which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the programs.Theopinionsonthistopicvaryfrompersontoperson.Oneinfourthinkthereissomuchofproduct
30、placementthatlotsofpeoplefeelunsatisfiedwhentheywatchtheprograms.And10%ofthepeoplethinkproductplacementintheprogramsgreatlyruinstheimageofCCTV,becauseitwillleaveabadimpressiononaudienceinandoutsideChina.Besides,nearlyonethirdofthepeopleholdtheopinionthatitshardtorelatetheproductplacementtotheprogram
31、s,makingtheaudiencefeeluncomfortable.However,thereare15%ofthepeoplewhothinkitishelpfulforthedevelopmentofCCTV.Andtherestthinkthereisnoneedforustobesostrictwithproductplacement.Afterall,itsverynatural.Personally,theproductplacementisreallydisgustingandCCTVshouldtrytoavoidit.写作中的得分点1、文章结构、主题要正确、文章结构、主
32、题要正确2、使用多种不同的结构，如：非谓语动词、倒装句、使用多种不同的结构，如：非谓语动词、倒装句、各种从句（各种从句（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句)、强调句强调句、被动语态等等、被动语态等等3、正确使用句子之间的连接词、正确使用句子之间的连接词4、平时要养成良好的习惯，要写出一手漂亮的好平时要养成良好的习惯，要写出一手漂亮的好字，有助于写作的得分。字，有助于写作的得分。5、文章完成以后一定要认真读一遍，特别要注意动、文章完成以后一定要认真读一遍，特别要注意动词是否用错？结构是否合理？词是否用错？结构是否合理？书面表达的一些常用结构帮助学生归纳一些写作中常见的短
33、语、一些精彩的句子，然后罗列一些写作中出现的中文句子，让学生套用以上的短语和句子进行写作，当然这些内容要经常督促学生去学，甚至去背诵，一来对写作有好处，二来对基础知识的巩固也非常有效。五、我校高三英语对于书面表达的具体五、我校高三英语对于书面表达的具体做法做法1、坚持主题式造句以及课文句型仿写;2、微型作文训练，并选取部分学生面批;3、把作文中错句融入到平时的默写或二次提问;4、在班级分享好的亮点句子，并纳入到造句的仿写;5、用学校统一的作文练习纸进行规范书写训练;6、让学生之间学会相互批改。1、坚持主题式造句主题式造句一直是市、区教研员一再要求我们平时训练写作的一种很好的方式，主题的内容可以
34、是课本上的，也可以是和课本相关的内容，练习的形式可以是上课完成，也可以布置给学生作为课后作业，批改的形式同样可以多样的，全体批，或小组批，或者学生之间互批，或者抽几个同学面批，等等，可以视所教班级的不同情况分别对待。例如：成功（很常见的话题，以下是学生写的例句）Nothingismorerewardingthanachievinggreatsuccess.Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Inmypointofview,peoplesopinionaboutsuccessvariesfrompersontoperson.Whatmyteac
35、hertellsmeisthatthesecrettosuccessisconfidenceandhardwork.Obviously,everyoneislongingtobesuccessful,butittakeshardworktoachievesuccess.环保Itssuggestedthatweshouldsparenoefforttoprotecttheenvironment.Thereisnodoubtthatthequalityofairisgoingfrombadtoworsenow.Whatmakesthingsworseisthattheenergyintheworl
36、dwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Itisevidentthatglobalwarminghasattractedmoreandmorepeoplesattention.Weshouldtakesomemeasuresandweshouldhavesavedresourcestoreducepollutionearlier.2、利用课文的相关知识写作写作建议：审题，打草稿，相互批改，修正，最后成稿。（注意关联词的使用）写作内容（M9Unit1Reading）:假如你是加拿大人，有外国朋友Frank向你了解加拿大的相关情况，请按下列要求写一封信：1.加拿大的地理位置、地形
37、特征（2-3句）2.加拿大的主要城市，你最喜欢的城市和原因（2-3句）3.加拿大的标志及历史（2-3句）4.加拿大的旅游景点（1-2句）5.你对加拿大的看法（1-2句）DearFrank,Im very glad to tell you something about my country Canada.Canada,thesecondlargestcountryintheworld,islocatednorthoftheUSA,withthePacifictothewestandtheAtlantictotheeast.Becauseithascountlessriversandseemin
38、glyendlessforests,agreatnumberofwildanimalsandfishcanbefound.AmongthefamouscitiesToronto,Montreal,andVancouver,IlikeMontrealbest.ThemainreasonisthatanyvisitortoMontrealwillnotbeboredwithitscolourfulnightlifeaswellasdifferentfestivals.Bytheway,themapleleafisCanadasnationalsymbol.Astoitshistory,Ishoul
39、dsayitsveryinterestingbecausemanypeoplecamehereforgold.Canadaisalsofamousforitsfantasticnaturalscenery,ofwhichNiagaraFallsisthemostrecognized.Inaword,asisknowntoall,Canadaisthebestcountryintheworldtolivein.Bestwishes.XXX3、在班级中分享学生的亮点每次完成一篇作文，我们的英语老师都习惯做以下的事情：1、把学生作文中好的句子打在投影上，并在后面附上姓名；这样下次写的时候学生就会有意
40、识地模仿。2、摘抄学生作文中典型的错句或者不地道的表达，然后让学生改正或者改进。3、选出一两篇好的文章和不好的文章，分别让学生打分，然后和实际的分数比对，让学生明白如何可以得高分，什么样的表达是要扣分的，以便他们在接下来的写作中高度重视。好句Asthecomputersarewidelyused,teachers,parentsandstudentsareattachinglessimportancetohandwriting.(高三3吴雨帆)Thestudents,accountingforabout51.5%,holdtheviewthattheycanuseacomputerinstea
41、dofpractisinghandwriting.(7班张敏)20%ofthepeopleconsidertheproductplacementseemsnatural,contrarytowhichoneforthofthepeoplefindthemselvesfedupwithtoomuchofit.(12班陈旭)错句1.Nomedicalmaterialscaninsteadofit.2.ThereisnootherChinesemedicinecanreplaceit.3.Somepeopleagainstthatthepracticeofextractingbearbileshou
42、ldbebanned.4.Faceddifficulty,theydidntknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.5.Changeyoureatinghabitsisthebestwaytoloseweight.4、同一内容让学生用不同形式表达大学生就业困难大学生就业困难Itisdifficultforthegraduatestofindjobs,withthenumberofgraduates increasing.Thegraduatesfind it difficult to findjobsbecausemoreandmorestudentsgraduatefromu
43、niversity.建议：无论学习什么专业，都要努力学习，建议：无论学习什么专业，都要努力学习，将来才能为国家作出贡献。将来才能为国家作出贡献。Nomatterwhatmajorwepick,weare supposed to workhardatit.Only in this way can we makecontributionstoourcountry.Weshouldalwaysworkhardatwhatever we choose to studyanddo our bit forourmotherland.需要老师加强重难点、易错点的训练需要老师加强重难点、易错点的训练Besid
44、es,weekendlessonsgivestudentsmorepracticeandteachersguidance,whichcanhelpthemtohaveafullunderstandingofthedifficult,importantorconfusingpoints.Attheweekend,studentscandoextra practiceandgetfurther instructionsfromtheirteachers,sothattheycanfully understandwhatisdifficult,importantandconfusing.好好休息，提
45、高效率好好休息，提高效率Moststudentsholdthebeliefthatonly whentheyhaveagoodrestonweekendscantheystudyefficientlyonweekdays.Somestudentsbelievethatonlyan adequate restcanguarantee the efficiencyoftheirstudiesduringweekdays.考前制定好合适的复习计划考前制定好合适的复习计划 Ithink it necessary/a good ideatomakeaproperplantoreview/gooverwh
46、at has been learned.Isuggestthatweshouldsort whatwehavelearntandmakeasuitableplantogooverthelessons.总结3坚持把写作训练融入到平时的作业中让学生坚持读背好词好句好文章让学生学会使用课文中学到的好内容让学生练就一手漂亮的字在班级中分享各自的亮点写作训练关于友谊关于友谊的一些谚语患难见真情。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.得朋友难，失朋友易。Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.需要之时方知友。Afriendisneverknowntillamanhas
47、need.没有十全十美的朋友。Afriendwithoutfaultswillneverbefound.Translatethefollowing1.真正的朋友是慷慨的，对穷朋友没有偏见。真正的朋友是慷慨的，对穷朋友没有偏见。2.不是每个人都能认识到建立友谊的重要性。不是每个人都能认识到建立友谊的重要性。3.如果你跟你的朋友分享你的成功，你的快乐如果你跟你的朋友分享你的成功，你的快乐会更多。会更多。4.真正的友谊是建立在相互间的信任，友爱和真正的友谊是建立在相互间的信任，友爱和尊敬的基础上的。尊敬的基础上的。5.你和别人交流得越多，你就有越多的机会交你和别人交流得越多，你就有越多的机会交到朋友
48、。到朋友。6.当我们需要帮助时，能有朋友帮助我们克服当我们需要帮助时，能有朋友帮助我们克服困难，是很幸运的事情。困难，是很幸运的事情。1、真正的朋友是慷慨的，对穷朋友没有偏、真正的朋友是慷慨的，对穷朋友没有偏见。见。True friends should be generous and should not be prejudiced against their poor friends.2、不是每个人都能认识到建立友谊的重要、不是每个人都能认识到建立友谊的重要性。性。Not everyone can realize the importance of building friendship.
49、3、如果你跟你的朋友分享你的成功，你的快乐会更多。Ifyoushareyoursuccesswithyourfriends,itwilladdtoyourjoy.4、真正的友谊是建立在相互间的信任，友爱和尊敬的基础上的。Truefriendshipisbasedontrust,loveandrespectbetweeneachother.5、你和别人交流得越多，你就有越多的机会、你和别人交流得越多，你就有越多的机会交到朋友。交到朋友。Themoreyoucommunicatewithothers,themorechancesyouwillhavetomakefriends.6、当我们需要帮助时
50、，能有朋友帮助我们克服困难，是很幸运的事情。Itisfortunateforustohavemanyfriendstohelpusoutwhenweareinneedofhelp.Discussion：Whatisfriendship?Whydoweneedfriendship?Howcanwekeepfriendship?Whatisfriendship?Realfriendsarethosewhohavegoodcharacter，superiorabilityandkindnessofheart.Realfriendscansharealloursorrowsanddoubleallou