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1、专题17阅读理解命题来源句式考点题型技巧客考向分析题型特点及命题趋势分析近几年来全国以及各省的高考英语试题，发现阅读理解部分的主要特点是：1 .内容新颖，语言地道几乎所有的阅读材料都来自于国外的媒体或者仅在语言上梢做了加工，但是都保持了原 文地道的语言特点。2 .体裁多样，话题广泛阅读理解考察最多的是说明文，占45%左右，其次为记叙文，占30%左右，应用文和议 论文各占15%和10%。3 .题型分布合理，突出智力题目的考察力度近几年的高考英语考试大纲对学生的考察角度大都从以下几个方面着手：（1）理解主 旨和主要意义。（2）理解文中具体信息。（3）根据上下文推断生词的意义。（4）做出简单的判断
2、和推理。（5）理解文章的基本结构。（6）理解作者的意图，观点和态度。高考阅读时间分配1.4篇7580分钟，平均每篇1520分钟。2.读文章的时间分配：用68分钟完成第一遍阅读，1014分钟来琢磨题目，每题平均 2分钟。高考阅读的特点：文章单词量不大，但句型结构复杂。（熟背大纲，将每篇文章中的长难句摘录下来，加 以背诵）作者的观点不一定明确。选项的迷惑性比较大。14. It can be inferred from (he writer that America, as a classless society, should.A. perfect its self-image as a land
3、 of opportunityhave a higher level of upward mobility than BritainB. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employmentencourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to (he passage?A. The US is
4、 a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.16. What might be the b
5、est title for this passage?A. Social Upward Mobility in AmericaB. Incredible Income Gains in AmericaC. America: Land of Unequal WealthD. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all5One after another telecommunications giants have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They have also cla
6、imed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G, many domestic media have described it as amuch faster technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other advantages. As a result, the common public view about 5G is that they could download a HD movie
7、 within one second. Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5GActually, 5G technology has many more advantages (han 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three purposes-connecting everything,
8、reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.*Connecting everything is an appropriate slogan fbr 5G technology, without which the Internet of Things would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals, and thus establish high-speed coordination among (hem, and help
9、 the chips inside the terminals timely react to meet peoples needs. Take autonomous vehicles fbr example, they are mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will link a
10、ll the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen self-driving technology.Reliability of connections is another essential characterist
11、ic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards arc required. For instance, in certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots inside a patients body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure (hey perform their functions and do not caus
12、e any harm to the patient. This is a technology that can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.17. Which of the following can serve as an example of connecting everything?A. Improvement of smart phone signals.B. Decrease in
13、telecommunication cost.C. High speed in playing computer games.D. Online tests for all members at the same time.18. Why can 5G be used in the fields with high safety standards?A. It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.B. Il can provide dependable and constant service.C. It offers massive ma
14、chine types of communication.D. It employs 4G base stations and occupies less space.19. What will the author most probably discuss in the following paragraph?A. Eliminating delays.B. 5G network capacityC. Disadvantages of 5GD. Building 5G base stations20. What would be (he best title for the passage
15、?A. 5G Technology: More than about High Speed5G Technology Will Shape the Future of ConnectivityB. Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G TechnologyAdvantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products6It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers
16、 that it was built in 1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a pla
17、ce on the flight at the invitation of (he European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason, shooting upwards towards the hea
18、vens before moving down towards Earth. The intention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had (hat we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the p
19、lane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (卜降)he pilot pulled aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of g
20、ravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut (he engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on (heir f
21、eet. Then it was the German team, who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the plane
22、doing experiments, the dominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that would be keen to repeat.21. What did the pilot do with the plane?A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.B. He climbed and then m
23、ade the plane turn over.C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.22. What was the point of being weightless?A. Tb show (he judges of the competition what they could do.B. Tb prepare the young scientists for future work in spac
24、e.C. To see what conditions are like in space.D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.23. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to.B. the tripD. the planeA. the excitementC. the opportunity24. The passage is intended to.A. report on a new scientific techniqueencourage young people to
25、take scienceB. show scientists what young people can dodescribe the oulcome of a scientific competition阅读理解是历年高考命题中难度最大、分值比例最高的题，高三英语复习一般要求学生在 3035分钟内完成5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解。每题2分，共计20小题，总分40 分，属客观题部分。高三学英语主要测学生对一篇大概300字的书面英语理解能力，即在阅 读中准确地获取信息的能力以及推断材料隐含意义的能力。考点导航阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：标志类、指示类的信息。a.表示并列关系:and;als
26、o;coupled with 等b.表示转折关系:but;yct;however;by contrast 等c.表示因果关系：thcrefor;thcreby;consequently;as a result 等d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;whatmore;furthermore 等e.表示重要性的词：prime;above all;first等以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲R的（贬）excessively过分的【答题技巧】阅读理解答题技巧1 .先审题，后阅读在做阅读理解部分的试题时，许多学生急于先精读文章，而不
27、看题目所问。而事实上， 对于一些特殊的文章首先应该对后面的题目浏览一下，弄清楚每一道题问的是什么，然后再 带着问题有目地地阅读文章。2 .精读全文，找到主旨高考阅读理解的考查点是理解文章的主旨和要义，这就需要我们在读文章时找准文章的 主旨句，理解文章大意。一般情况下，在一些新闻报道中，主题句一般都出现在文章的第一 段，以概括全文的中心。而在说明文或者议论文中，作者则在段首开门见山地提出文章说明 的中心或阐述的观点或在篇末概括全文，少部分文章的中心句出现在句中，而极少部分文章 的主旨需要读完全文来进行自我概括。总之，找到主题句对做主旨大意题有很大帮助，而高 考阅读理解则以这样的题目出现得较多，也
28、是近几年来考题的一个热点，几乎每个阅读里面 都会出现，所以一定要加强这部分的训练。【题型分析】【题型一强调/倒装加强表达力度】1. It was on October I st, 1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.5. Outsides were two me
29、n.【题型二使用比较级】.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.1 .Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.2 .There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a
30、 great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.3 .So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust （he regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.【题型三转折对比强化句式】Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt the
31、m for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership （伙伴关系） which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.1. Doctors have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external f
32、at.2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became （he language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way.3. The best treatment for fatness
33、 is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear, （unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地） 【题型四分类说明】There are two types of fat: external fat （fat under skin） and internal fat （fat
34、inside the body wall）. Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.【题型五原因结果突出】For about a century, French beca
35、me the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. .1. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the poll
36、ution problem.2. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of. （one result 其中的一种结果）.the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, wc can kill
37、the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）3. So why bother even to iry imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,.Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the
38、future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.Q检测训练1Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with （hem. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told
39、two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating system is not gove
40、rned by the labor contract （劳务合同）with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five limes a year for al least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.Emily Cohen, a policy director, says
41、the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective. Michelle Rhcc created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention fbr her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled scho
42、ol system in the nations capital.Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of Iheir rating is based on how well iheir students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. Testing is probably one of the-its the most objective data tha
43、t we have on teacher performance. So it,s not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally cfcctivc last year stayed in the school system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to b
44、ecome better.1. We can infer from paragraph 1 and 2 that.A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. Cthis is the first year that teachers are firedB. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schoolsschools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teac
45、hers2. The teachers ratings depend on.A. the test scores the students gettheir relationship with school officialsB. test scores and other sources of datahow well their students perform in the class3. The authors attitude towards the IMPACT system is.A. objectiveB. positiveC. negativeD. questioningTh
46、e best title tor the text might be.A. New School YearB. The IMPACT SystemC. Teachers Are DismissedD. Students5 Test Scores2Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally tore a rare Superhero poster worth about 150,000 live on air.To mar
47、k the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: Weve got a very special display here called The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster tha
48、t is worth about 150,000 and there arc only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the histoiy of the comic book poster （连环画海报）. Handling the image, Laura continued: No ones really seen this befbre.”She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look. Tve got my gloves on but Im feeling really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them. As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: Oh my goodness! Is this the original one thats worth 150.000?”The set fell silent and