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1、定语从句讲解及练习 定义：在复合句中,修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句;如：1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2 You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面;引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who 宾格 who,所有格 whose 和关系副词 where,when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.
2、who 指人,在从句中做主语或宾语 1The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行词是 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或 whom.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略;1 Mr.Liu is the person whom you
3、talked about.关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略;例如：The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday.which 在句子中做宾语 4.that 指人时,相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时,相当于 which;在宾语从句中做主
4、语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略;1 The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.在句子中做主语 2 Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况：1 先行词是 all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时;例如：All that he said is true.2 先行词被 only,no,any,all,等词修饰时;例如：He is the
5、only foreigner that has been to that place.3 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词;例如：He was the second person that told me the secret.4 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词;例如：This is the best book that I have read this year.5 先行词既包括人又包括物时;例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.只用 which/who,不用 that 的情况：1 非限制性定语从句
6、中,不能用关系代词 that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略;例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 例如：Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师;非限 There is s
7、omebody here who wants to speak to you 这里有人要和你说话限制性 2 which 还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念;在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似,并可以指人;例如：He did very well in the competition,which made his parents very happy.5.whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 1.He has a friend whose father is a do
8、ctor.2.I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替 3.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.4.Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 6.when 指时
9、间,在定语从句中作状语;例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语;例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8.介词关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构;“介词关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;介词关系代
10、词结构中的介词可以是 in,on,about,from,for,with,to at,of,without 等,关系代词只可用 whom 或 which,不可用 that;例:The man who/whom you spoke to is a teacher.The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一 请分析一下定语从句：请划出定语从句,并标出先行词 1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English
11、grammar.3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something you didnt like.6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently 8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.1
12、0.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey 12.If you know anyone else who collects them,please tell me.13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14.If you know someone you know doing this,you can ask them.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、w
13、hose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man _ you went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman_ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should wr
14、ite to is Mr.Ball.8.The man _ was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easilyforgotten.12.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought
15、yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book _ is on the table is mine.16.The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing 19.Show me the boy _ mot
16、her is a well-known singer.20.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择 1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose 3.The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything 4.He was t
17、he only person in his office_ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which 5.This is the museum_ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that 6.Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who 7.Do you know the student_ A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk C.I o
18、ften talk with D.that I often talk 8.I like the house_ windows face south.A.whose B.whos C.its D.its 9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _ A.what I need need C.which I need it D.that I need it 10.The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that 11.Do you
19、know the worker _ A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk C.I often talk with D.that I often talk 12.You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher.A.whom B.of whom C.whose D.of which 13.Those _ finished doing it put up your hands.A.who have B.who has C.which have D.have 14.Your teacher of
20、 Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose 15.Whats the name of the program_.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening 16.-What are your favorite songs A.-The songs _ were sung by B.what C.when.D.where 17.-Do you
21、remember the woman_gave you a hand when you were in trouble -Of course.I will remember her all the life.A.what C.which D.who have become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where Have you found the information about the famous
22、people_ you can use for the report -Not yet.Ill search some on the Internet.A.who 20.Friends are those_ make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.A.which 21.-Is there a right music_ I can dance to -Yes,but I have to look for it.A.whose B.that 22.She is _ in hospital
23、.I have to look after the _ person.A.ill.sick .sick .ill A and B.23.How lucky.The police stopped the accident_.A.at times.time time the time 24.-How is your grandma -She is fine.She used to_ TV at home after supper.But now she used to_ out for a walk.A.watch.go .go .going .going is_ with him.He will
24、 be all right soon.A.something serious something serious nothing.found many_ leaves on the ground.A.die C.death D.dying 27.Can we_ a date for the next meeting A.agree with to on D.Agree 四 将下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句 1.He is reading a book.Its about Beijing Opera.2.Those are the shoes.My mother bought them fo
25、r me yesterday.3.Do you know the football player He scored two goals in the last match.4.We hate those people.They talk much but do little.5.My sister doesnt eat the food.It has chocolate in it.6.I got an email.My friend sent it to me.7.He is the boy.You wanted to find him.8.The man is waiting for you at the gate.His coat is black.9.I like the novels.They are written by D.Henery 10.The girl is in hospital.She was hurt in the accident.11.The woman is wearing a hat.She is my mother.12.I like the dancer.She dances in a special way.