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1、,从句,CONTENTS,名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）形容词性从句（定语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）,01,宾语从句,宾语从句三要素-时态、语序、连接词,1.PeopleinWuhanwanttoknowiftherewasadiseasecausedbybats.PeopleinWuhanwanttoknowhowtheycankillthetimeathome.PeopleinWuhanwanttoknowwhentheywillbeallowedtogoout.2.PeopleinWuhandidntknowthateatingbatscouldleadtoth
2、edisease.3.PeopleinWuhandidntknowthatbatscarryviruses.,主现从任、主过从过、客观真理一般现,宾语从句三要素-特例,语序特例1.Whatsthematter./Whatswrongwithyou.2.PeopleinChinawanttoknowwhoisthefirsttoeatbats.只用whether1.PeopleinChinaworryaboutwhethertheycanhaveanormallifeinamonth.2.PeopleinChinaconsiderwhethertomakealawtoprenventthesit
3、uationfromhappeningagain.3.PeopleinChinadontknowwhetherornotanewlawwillbemade.,特殊疑问词充当主语,宾语从句考点,一、时态,对比：,Tom_booksinthreeminutes.Tom_booksyesterday.Tom_Englisheveryday.Tom_abooknow.Tom_forthreeyears.,willread,read,reads,isreading,hasread,Heknows,宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，从句依时定态。,Heknew,Tom_booksinthreeminutes.
4、Tom_booksyesterday.Tom_Englisheveryday.Tom_abooknow.Tom_forthreeyears.,wouldread,hadread,read,wasreading,hadread,对比：,Tom_booksinthreeminutes.Tom_booksyesterday.Tom_Englisheveryday.Tom_abooknow.Tom_forthreeyears.,willread,read,reads,isreading,hasread,Heknows,Heknew,Tom_booksinthreeminutes.Tom_booksye
5、sterday.Tom_Englisheveryday.Tom_abooknow.Tom_forthreeyears.,wouldread,hadread,read,wasreading,hadread,宾语从句的时态问题,宾语从句,主句为一现，从句以时定态。,主句为一过。,一现一过,现进过进,现完过完,一将过将,一过过完,根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.ItoldmymotherI_(be)goingtothelibrarytostudy.2.Davidtoldmehe_(be)madathisfriendyesterday.3.Jacksaidhe_(go)toLindaspart
6、ythenextday.4.Myfathertoldmethatpride_(go)beforeafall.5.Jimsayshe_(go)toseethemoviesonweekends.,was,hadbeen,wouldgo,goes,goes,二、连词,1.从句陈述句，连接词that,可省略。,Ithinkthatatigerisoneofthemostfavoriteanimalsinthezoo.,2.从句一般疑问句，连接词if/whether,“是否”,只有whether的情况nowwhethershewillcomerrow.,Idontknowwhethershewillco
7、metommorrow,(1)从句后面有”ornot”,IwonderwhetherIcouldcatchthefirstbusornot.,(2)后跟动词不定式,Icantdecidewhethertostay.,(3)从句作介词的宾语,Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.,(4)discuss/decide的宾语从句,Wediscussedwhetherhecouldcomeontime.,3.从句为特疑，用原特词。,CouldyoutellmewhenthebuswillleaveforShanghai?,Nooneknowswhowro
8、tethepoemfirst.,1.Everyoneshouldknow_tosavethemselveswhenafirebreaksout.A.whetherB.whatC.whenD.how2.-Doyouknow_themanwiththesunglassesis?-Iamnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how,怎样自救用how,D,n.记者,对职业提问whatissb.?whatsb.is.,陈述,B,做后置定语，修饰主语,3.-Frank,couldyoutellme_?-Heisapoliceman.A.whereisyour
9、fatherB.whyisyourfatherhereC.whatyourfatherisD.howyourfatheris4.-Canyoutellme_theprogrammeison?-Yes,itsonWednesday,atfiveoclock.A.whyB.whenC.whereD.what,宾语从句中用陈述语句,职业,C,对时间提问用when,句意,beon上映,B,5.Thereporterwilltellus_hesawandheardinJapan.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.which6.-IreallyhopetokeepintouchwithLily.-So
10、rry,Idontknow_.A.whathernameisB.whatherjobisC.whathermunberisD.whensheleft,what+主+谓所.的,他所看到的和听到的,A,C,和Lily保持联系,7.-Iamnotsure_therearelivingthingsonotherplantsornot.-Evenscientistsarentsureaboutit.A.whetherB.whereC.why,whether.ornot固搭,A,8.Iknow_Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwontfinishworkinguntilten
11、oclock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why,Iknow+that.,A,9.Couldyoutellme_theyhavedonewiththerubbis?A.whyB.whatC.whereD.how,宾,what充当宾语,C,三、语序,特别提示：特词作主语的情况,宾语从句中，从句语序必须是陈述语序,主+谓+.,Heaskedmewhatwasthematter.,Shewantstoknowwhathappenedyesterday.,Mymotherasksmewhoisplayingbasketballoueside.,将下面的简单句合并成宾语从句1.Whichbook
12、doyoulikebest?/Sheaskedme._2.Wherehaveyoubeen?/Ourteacherwantstoknow._3.IsLilycomingtothemuseum?/Wedontknow._4.Whyisthelittlegirlcrying?/Canyoutellme._,SheaskedmewhichbookIlikedbest.,OurteacherwantstoknowwhereIhavebeen.,WedontknowwhetherLilyiscomingtothemuseum.,Canyoutellmewhythelittlegirliscrying.,
13、5.Doeshisfatherworkinthehospital?/Iwanttoknow._6.Aretheytrueornot?/Nooneknows._7.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?/Thewaitresswantstoknow._8.Whichisyourfavoritemonth?/MayIask._,Iwanttoknowifhisfatherworksinhospital.,Nooneknowswhethertheyaretrueornot.,ThewaitresswantstoknowifIwouldliketeaorcoffee.,MayIaskwhic
14、hismyfavoritemonth?,直引间引,需变化,1.人称,2.时态,3.加引导词,4.词的变化（指示代词；时状，地状；方向性V.）,5.特疑（语序变化）,6.祈使句,（一）人称时态变化,Bentoldme,“Iwillvisitmyteacher.”,一,主,Bentoldmehewouldviithisteacher.,Shetoldme,“Iwilltellyouthetruth.”,一,主,二,宾,Shetoldmeshewouldtellmethetruth.,Hesaid,“Marywasheretwoyearsago.”,三不变,HesaidMarywastheretwo
15、yearsago.,Fathersaid,“Iamfreenow.”,Fathersaidhewasfreethen.,(三)语序变化,Heaskedme,“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”,Heaskedmehowmanypeopletherewereinmyfamily?”,therewere,(四)祈使句,ask/order/tellsb.(not)todosth.,advise/suggest(劝告，建议),“Dontbelate,Mike.”theteachersaid.,Theteacher_.,toldMikenottobelate,“Fol
16、lowhisinstruction,”shesaidtome.,She_.,toldmetofollowhisinstruction,将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat_havingdinner.2.“Ihaveseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Gina_methatshe_thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_homewithhersister.,hewas,toldhadseen,shehadgone,5.Theteachers
17、aid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_biggerthanthemoon.6.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathe_methertheday_.7.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_togo_beforefive.,is,hadbeore,hadthere,7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe_boughtthecomputertwo
18、weeks_.8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek,”hesaid.He_Ihadreadthebook_.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sitthere.,hadbefore,askedifbefore,toldcould,10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhismother_foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_been_days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”he
19、asked.Heasked_knewwhereshe_.,howshehad,whereIhadthose,ifIlived,13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaidHe_thechildren_quiet.14.“Dontlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.Shetoldme_outofthewindow.15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He_Iwasinterestedin_.,toldtokeep,nottolook,askedifthat,指示代词,this,that,these,those,时间状语,now
20、,then,today,thatday,thisevening,thatevening,yesterday,thedaybefore,yesterdaymorning,themorningbefore,lastnight,thenightbefore,twodaysago,twodaysbefore,nextweek,thenextweek/thefollowingweek,tomorrow,thenextday/thefollowingday,地点状语,here,there,方向性动词,bring,take,come,go,(一)否定前置,1.当主句谓语V.为think,believe,su
21、ppose,expect,guess等,2.主句主语是第一人称,Idontthinkthatheisright.,Idontbelievethattheyllcometoday.,IdontthinkwecanfinishalltheworkbeforeFriday,_?,canwe,(二)宾从的简化,a.1.主句谓语V.为hope,decide,wish,choose,agree等,2.主句主语与从句主语为同一人，从句化为不定式,Wedecidewewouldhelphim.,Wedecide_him.,tohelp,b.主句谓语V.为find,see,watch,hear从句常化简为V.s
22、b./sth.doing/do,Isawsomechildrenwereplayinginthepark.,Isaw_inthepark.,somechildrenplaying,c.主句与从句同一人，且从句主语+情V.,Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthedoor.,Shehasforgotten_thedoor.,特问词+todo,howtoopen,02,定语从句,定语从句-形容词性从句(修饰名词、后置),1.Wuhanisthecity_wassealedofffirst.Wuhanisthecity_thediseasewasfoundfirst.2.Peo
23、pleinChinawillneverforgetthesedays_theyhavetostayathome.PeopleinChinawillneverforgetthesedays_theytheyspentathome.3.Zhonggaveusthereason_thediseasebrokeout.Zhonggaveusthereason_ledtothedisease.,关系代词：who、which、that、whose关系副词：where、when、why,where,which/that,which,when,why,which,定语从句-特例,只用that先行词：人+物，不
24、定代词everything，被all、little、theonly、thebest、thefirst修饰时。eg.Wuhanisthecitywhich/thatwassealedofffirst.Wuhanisthefirstcitythatwassealedofffirst.只用which:前有“，”/介词1.PeopleinChinawillneverforgetthesedayswhentheyhavestayathome.PeopleinChinawillneverforgetthesedaysinwhichtheyhavestayathome.2.PeopleinWuhanateb
25、at,whichledtothedisease.,03,状语从句,状语从句-副词性从句(时间、地点、条件、目的、原因),时态：一致性原则、主将从现、过进,连词：时间-when、while、as、before、after、since、until、assoonas条件-if、unless原因-because、since、as结果-sothat、so.that、such.that目的-sothat、inorderthat让步-although、though,状语从句-修饰动词(时间、地点、条件、目的、原因),1.Peopledidntknowthatbatscarryviruses_thedisea
26、sebrokeout.2.Peopledidntknowthateatingbatsisdangerous_theyatebats.3.Peopleknewthateatingbatsisdangerous_thediseasebrokeout.4.Peopledidntknowthateatingbatsisdangerous_thediseasebrokeout.5.Peopleatebats_thediseasebrokeout.6.Peoplehavnteatenbats_thediseasebrokeout.7.Mostpeoplestayathometoavoidbeinginfe
27、cted_somestillgooutsecretlywithoutconsideringtheirhealth.,when、while、as、before、after、since、until、assoonas,when,before,after,untill,untill,since,while,状语从句-修饰动词(时间、地点、条件、目的、原因),1.Peoplewouldnteatbats_theykneweatingbatsisdangerous.2.Peoplehavetostayathome_thegovernmentcancontrolthediseaseeffectively.3
28、.Peoplehavetostayathome_thediseasecanbespreadeasily.4.Somepeoplestillgooutsecretly_thegovernmentforbidit5.-Ifmay,Ihopethediseaseisadream.-Thatsimpossible_peopledidnteatbats.6.Thediseasespreads_easily_wehavetostayathome.7.Its_ainfectiusvirus_wehavetostayathome.,sothat、if、unless、because、although、so.th
29、at、such.that,if,sothat,because,although,unless,sothat,suchthat,状语从句-注意点,1.so.adj/adv.that、such.名词/名词短语.that区别2.because/so、although/but不得连用3.when主长从短eg.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascookingdinner.while主长从长主短从长when、while、as三者皆可eg.AS/When/Whiletheywereeatingbats,theydidntknowbatscarryviruses.,03,Exercise,Pra
30、cticemakesperfect,1.Mymotherwontallowmyfathertodrive_hepromisestogiveupdrinking.(2017常州市)A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.after2.Timewaitsfornoman.Butsomepeoplewontrealizetheimportanceoftime_itsgone(2018常州市)AasBsinceCwhenDuntil3.Hi,Jim.IhearthatyouvejustcomebackfromSanya.Imcallingtoask_.(常州2014)A.howdidyouvisitthecityB.howmanydaysyouvespentthereC.whichhotelyoustayedinSanyaD.howyoufoundtheseafoodthere4.(2018南宁)Idontlikethepeople_donthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.what5.(2018十堰)Shiyanisoneofthebestplaces_peoplewouldliketovisit.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who,