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1、ri zhc、联 zhudn日者列传zi go shoum i ng 6r wdng wdng zha zhi xing h6 chang bu yi bo shi jud wu tian mi ng zoi自古受命而王，王者之兴何尝不以卜筮决於天命哉!qi wu zhdu you shen ji qin kd jian dai wang zhi ru ren wu bo zhd tai bo zhi qi其於周尤甚，及秦可见。代王之入，任於卜者。太卜之起，y6u han xinq you由汉兴而有。si md ji zh口 zhd cM ren yd bo wu zhdng an dnng
2、shi司马季主者，楚人也。卜於长安东市。sibng ztKing w6i zhong ddi fu jid y wdi b6 shi 16ng rl jo cho xi mu xiong cng liin宋忠为中大夫，贾谊为博士，同日俱出洗沐，相从论yi song yi xion wdngsheng rn zhi dao shu jiu bi6n ren qing xiong shi dr ton jifi yi yud议，诵易先王圣人之道术，究遍人情，相视而叹。贾谊日：wu wdn 第 zhi shcng rdn bu ju chao ting bi zai bo yi zhi zh6ngj
3、in wu yi jian san“吾闻古之圣人，不居朝廷，必在卜医之中。今吾已见三gony jiu qing chao shi dd fu jie ko zhi yi shi zhi bo shu zhong yl nuan cdiE rcn ji公九卿朝土大夫，皆可知矣。试之卜数中以观采。”二人即tong yd dr zhi shi yGu wo bo si zh6ng tian xin ya dao shdo ren si md ji zha iian zud同舆而之市，游於卜肆中。天新雨，道少人，司马季主间坐，dl zl son si ri?n shi ffing bidn tidn
4、dl zhi ddo rl yui* zhi yiin yin ydng jl xiong zhi ben弟子三四人侍，方辩天地之道，日月之运，阴阳吉凶之本。er ddi fu zdi boi y。 si m。 ji zho shi qi zhuGngmdo ri) IN yGu zhi zhe jl II zhi 二大夫再拜谒。司马季主视其状貌，如类有知者，即礼之，shi di zi y6n zhi zu6 zud ding si md jl zho fa h qidn yo fen bid tian di zhi zhnng使弟子延之坐。坐定，司马季主复理前语，分别天地之终shf ri y
5、ua xin9chen zhi ji cho ci 恪n yi zhi jl lie jl xiong zhi fii ya shu qion yen始，日月星辰之纪，差次仁义之际，列吉凶之符，语数千言，md bu shim H莫不顺理。s6ngzhong jio yl qd rdn dr w(i I论 yingzhng jin wfi zu6 yuftwd wdng xion宋忠、贾谊瞿然而悟，猎缨正襟危坐，日：“吾望先shng zhi zhuong Hng xidn sheng zhi c( xido zl qid gudn wu shi we*i chdng jldn yo jin he
6、 加 生之状，听先生之辞，小子窃观於世，未尝见也。今何居zhi bei h6 Xing Zhi之卑，何行之汗？ ”Si md ji Zhu p0n9 fu da xiao yue guan dai fu 同 y*u dao Shii zh0 jin he ydn Zhi 司马季主捧腹大笑曰：“观大夫类有道术者，今何言之Idu yd he cf zhi yd yd jin fu zi sus xidn zhd he yd sub gao zM shui 淮 jin hd 陋也，何辞之野也！今夫子所贤者何也？所高者谁也？今何yl bei zhdrijj zhd以卑汗长者? ”er jun yuo
7、zun guan hou lu shi zhi su6 gao y。 xidn cai chu zhi jin su6 chu 二君曰：“尊官厚禄，世之所高也，贤才处之。今所处fei qi di gu wci zhi bei yan bu Xi nXing bu yan qu bu dang gii Wei zhi非其地，故谓之卑。言不信，行不验，取不当，故谓之汗。fu bo shi zhd shi su zhi su6 jian jidn yd shi ji( yan yu。fu bo zhf- dud ydn kua ydn夫卜筮者，世俗之所贱简也。世皆言曰：夫卜者多言夸严yi d。ren
8、 qing xu gao rdn lu min$j yi shuo rn zhi shdn ydn hud zai yl shang r chi su言鬼神以尽人财，厚求拜谢以私於己。此吾之所耻，故wfi zhi bei yt谓之卑汗也。”simd jl zhu yue96ng qiG an zu6 gong jidn fu bdi fa16n9zl huri yuQ zhao司马季主曰：“公且安坐。公见夫被发童子乎？日月照zhi zC xin bu zhdo zd zhiwin zhT rl yui-ci xi6 ji xiong z。bunng IIy6u shi gudn之则行，不照则止
9、，问之日月疵瑕吉凶，则不能理。由是观zhi ncng zhi bi xidn yO bd xido zhf gud yl之，能知别贤与不肖者寡矣。xidn zhi xing y。 zhi dao yi zh0nH jiansan jidn bu ting zd tui qi yu r6n y0 bu“贤之行也，直道以正谏，三谏不听则退。其誉人也不wdng qi bdo d Mn yd bo gii qf yudn yl bidn gu6 jio 11 zhdng wdi wu 9tl guan fei qi rdn望其报，恶人也不顾其怨，以便国家利众为务。故官非其任bu chu yolii f
10、ei qi gong bii sh6u yf- jidn ren bu zhang sui 91n bu jlng y6 jidn Mn ydu不处也，禄非其功不受也；见人不正，虽贵不敬也；见人有wu sui zun bo xid yfi 出 bu wcl xi qu bu wQ hen fei qi zui yfi sui lei ro 污，虽尊不下也；得不为喜，去不为恨；非其罪也，虽累辱6r_ bu. kui yo而不愧也。jin gong siK w6i xidn zh& ji。 kfi w6i xin yi bei cf er qknqo Cr ydn“今公所谓贤者，皆可为羞矣。卑疵而
11、前，it趋而言；xiang yin yi shi xlong 出0 yl 11 bi zhftu bin zhdng yl qiu zon yu yl shhugftng 怙ng shi 相引以势，相导以利；比周宾正，以求尊誉，以受公奉；事si h wdng zhQ fd lid ndng mfn yi guon wdi wei yl fd wei ji qiu h ni bao私利，枉主法，猎农民；以官为威，以法为机，求利逆暴：pi Wu yi wu CaO bdi ren ji4 rdn Zhd yd chu Shi guan shf bei li wei qido zha Shi Xu
12、gong譬无异於操白刃劫人者也。初试官时，倍力为巧诈，饰虚功zhf kdnn wen yl zhu shang ydng ju shang wei you shi guan bii rang xidn chen 96ng jian wfi zeng执空文以 主上，用居上为右；试官不让贤陈功，见伪增shi yl wO wei ydu yl shdo wdi duo yl qiu bian shi zun wei shi yin qu chi Mng ji实，以无为有，以少为多，以求便势尊位；食饮驱驰，从姬atbu 泌 wu qin fdn fd hdi min xo 9M9 jio cl to
13、wei do bii c6o mdo ho zhi-歌完，不顾於亲，犯法害民，虚公家：此夫为盗不操矛弧者yt gong er bo ydng xidn ri-n zhf ye qr fo mO wai ydu zul er shi jon wi-i f6 zho ye he也，攻而不用弦刃者也，欺父母未有罪而弑君未伐者也。何yl wei 900 xidn cdi ho以为高贤才乎？duo zi*i fa bii ndnji jin yi mb bu fo bu ndng she* jian xid qi bu nng sdi guan “盗贼发不能禁，夷箱不服不能摄，奸邪起不能塞，官ludn
14、bu ndng zhl si shi bii he bii nng dido sul bu sho bu n6ng edi xidn bii wei耗乱不能治，四时不和不能调，岁毂不孰不能逾。才贤不为,shi bu zhong y cd bii xiin er guon wti li shdng fdng tong xidn zhe chii shi qid wGi是不忠也；才不贤而在官位，利上奉，妨贤者处，是窃位ye ydu r(Jn zhd jin yftu edi zh。 H shi w?i yi- zl do bu jldn chf xido zhi yo feng hudng 也；有
15、人者进，有财者礼，是伪也。子独不见鹏枭之与凤皇xidng hu 16n zhi xiong qi wu gudng y# hao xiaochng Un shi jun zf tui 6r bu xifinzhdng翔乎？兰芷苴鳄弃於广野，蒿萧成林，使君子退而不显众，gong 氓ng shi yd 公等是也。sho Z bu zud jon zl yl y6 jin fo bo zhf bl fd tion di xidng si shi“述而不作，君子义也。今夫卜者，必法天地，象四时，shim wu sn yi fen 恭 ding gud xu6n shi zhangr6n hou yen
16、 tian di zhi li hai shi zhi顺於仁义，分策定卦，旋式正虹，然彳爰言天地之利害，事之Chdng bai Xi Xian Wang zhi ding gll6 jia bi Xian gui Ce ri yue 4r hdj ndi gdn dai Zheng成败。昔先王之定国家，必先龟策日月，而彳爰乃敢代；正shf rt ndi hdu nl jia chdn zi bi xian zhan jf xi6nHhou ndi ydu zhi zi fu xi zud ba时日，乃彳爰入家；产子必先占吉凶，彳爰乃有之。自伏羲作八gua zhdu wn wdn yi 慈父以畜
17、其子，此有德者也。而以义置数十百钱，病者或以yu qic* si hud yi sheng huan hub yl mi6n shi hud yi chu用 jid zi qu fu hub yi ydng 愈，且死或以生，患或以免，事或以成，嫁子娶妇或以养sheng cl zhi wei de qi zhi shii shi boi qidn zdi ci to Ido zi sui wi-i shung d。 bii 生：此之为德，岂直数十百钱哉！此夫老子所谓上德不dd shi yl ydu dejin fo bo shi zhi- 11 dd 6r xi。shoo lao zi zhi
18、yUn qi yl德，是以有德。今夫卜筮者利大而谢少，老子之云岂异wo shi ho於是乎？zhuonsi zi yuGjon zi ni-i wu ji h6n zhT hudn wai wii jid due zhi you jQ“庄子日：君子内无饥寒之患，外无劫夺之忧，居shdng 6r jlng jo xid bu wei hdi jon zi zhi ddo yt-jin to bo shi zhe zhi wei yi*上而敬，居下不为害，君子之道也。今夫卜筮者之为业ye ji zhi wO wsi jti zdng zhi bo ydng 付 kO xi zhi bu y6n9
19、zi chc fO zhuang zhi也，积之无委聚，藏之不用府库，徙之不用辎车，负装之bo zhdng zhf er ydng zhi wii jin suft zhi shi chi ba jin sud zhi wii y6u wo wu qi6ng zhi不重，止而用之无尽索之时。持不尽索之物，游於无穷之shi sui zhuang shi zhi xfng wdi ndng zeng wu shizl h。 gu 6r yiin bii kd bo zai tian世，虽庄氏之行未能增於是也，子何故而云不可卜哉？天bu zu xi bdi xing chen xt bei yi d
20、i bu zu dong nan yi hdi wd chi ri zh6ng bi yf不足西北,星辰西北移;地不足东南，以海为池；日中必移，yu0 mdn bi kui xian wdng zhi dao zha cun zha wanq gong zd bo zhd yan bi xin bu yi hub月满必亏；先王之道，乍存乍亡。公责卜者言必信，不亦惑ha乎！gong jian fu tdn shi bian rdn hu I。 shi ding ji bi shi ren yd ran bu ndng yi“公见夫谈土辩人乎？虑事定计，必是人也，然不能以yi ydn shud r
21、dn zhu yi gu yan bi cheng xian wang yu bl dao shang gQ IG shi ding ji一言说人主意，故言必称先王，语必道上古；虑事定计，shi xian wang zhi chenugMy ya qi bdi hdi yl kung xi rc-n zho zhi zhi yi qiu qi yii dur饰先王之成功，语其败害，以恐喜人主之志，以求其欲。多y6n kua y6n mb dd wn ci yi r jido yd yd fo yd hud zhi r6n qi neng yl yl ydn 0r zhi立。今夫卜者，导惑教愚也
22、。夫愚惑之人，岂能以一言而知zhf zoi ydn bu ydn due之哉！言不厌多。guqiji bu neng ya balu wci si dr tong huang bu yu yan quow6i qun 6r“故骐骥不能与罢驴为驷，而凤皇不与燕雀为群，而xian zhd yi buyubu xiao zhd tdng lie gu junzi chu bei yin yi pi zhangzi niyi pi贤者亦不与不肖者同列。故君子处卑隐以辟众，自匿以辟Itin wei jian d。shun yi chu qiin hai yi mi ng tian xing zhu sh
23、ang ydng xia dud qi gong li 伦，微见德顺以除群害，以明天性，助上养下，多其功利，bu qiu zun yu 96ng zhi dGng y6n9 y6nq zhd yd hi- zhl zhdng zhG zhi dao hu不求尊誉。公之等口禺口禺者也，何知长者之道乎！”56ngzhdng jid yi hu er zi shi mdng hu wu se chang rdn ji n kdu bu ndng ydn宋忠、贾谊忽而自失，芒乎无色，怅然噤口不能言。wu shi she yi 3 qi zai bai 0r ci xin yang yang yf- c
24、hu mdn jin n(?nj zi shang che fu於是摄衣而起，再拜而辞。行洋洋也，出门仅能自上车，伏shi di t6u cu bu n0ng chu qi轼低头，卒不能出气。ju san ri songzhong jian jid yi wu dion mdn wai ndi xiang yin ping ya xiang wei zi tan居三日，宋忠见贾谊於殿门外，乃相引屏语相谓自叹yuedao gao yi an shi gaO yi Wei ju he he zhi shi shi shen qi。y6u ri yi曰：“道高益安，势高益危。居赫赫之势，失身且有日矣
25、。fu bo r you bu shdn bu jian duj xu wnj shi zhenn qi yi nuan dr ddnqxiang rin yi- ydu jun zi观其起居行步，坐起自动，誓正其衣冠而当乡人也，有君子zhi feng jian xing hdo j脩 fu lai bo dui zhi yen se ydn zhen wei chdng jian chi 6r xiao y。 之风。见性好解妇来卜，对之颜色严振，未尝见齿而笑也。c6ng ga yi Idi xidn zh。bi shi ydu ju zhi wu zd zhd y6u ju min jian
26、 bi k5u bu yon 从古以来，贤者避世，有居止舞泽者，有居民间闭口不言，you yin ju bo shi jian yi qudnshen zhd fu si md ji zhu zh chu xian dai fu y6u xue chang有隐居卜筮间以全身者。夫司马季主者，楚贤大夫，游学长an tong yi jinj shii hudng di Ifio zi b6 wen yufin jidn guan qi dul dr dai fu gul rdn安，通易经，术黄帝、老子，博闻远见。观其对二大夫贵人zhi tin yon chi-ng yi n 9a mingwana
27、shi-ns) r?n ddo 9C1 fci qifin wen xiao shu zhi ndng jf bo shi之谈言，称引古明王圣人道，固非浅闻小数之能。及卜筮11 mingsheng qian 11 zhc- g。wdngwfing dr zdi chun yuefu wc-i shdng 91n cl zhi立名声千里者，各往往而在。传日：“富为上，贵次之;“ gut 恭 gd xud yl jl nng 11 qi shon hudng zhi ddi fu yi- chen jon fo fu Mn 既贵各各学一伎能立其身。”黄直，大夫也；陈君夫，妇人yo yi xidng
28、 me li ming tidn xid qi zhongzhong qn cheng hrtu yi shdn ji ci xud ydng jion也：以相马立名天下。齐张仲、曲成侯以善击刺学用剑，li mi ng tian xia liu zhang rii yl xiang zhi li ml ngx( ng yang cha shi yi xiang niii 11 mi ngn6ng立名天下。留长孺以相彘立名。荥阳褚氏以相牛立名。能yi ji ndng li mi ng Zhd Shen duo jie y6u gao shi ju6 ran Zhi feng hd kG shen
29、g yon gu yue以伎能立名者甚多，皆有高世绝人之风，何可胜言。故日：foi qi di shu zhi bii sheng fei qi yl jiao zhi bu chdngfu jia zhi jiao zi“非其地，树之不生；非其意，教之不成。”夫家之教子son dun)shi qi suo yi hdo hdo hdn g6u sheng hu6 zhi dao yin or cheng zhi 9cl yue孙，当视其所以好，好含苟生活之道，因而成之。故日：zhi zh6i ml ng zt zi yl guan shi zi ydu cho suo k6 wi-i xid
30、n ren“制宅命子，足以观土；子有处所，可谓贤人。”chon w6i lang shi yu tai bo dai zhao w6i I6nu ri k qu fu hu wo hdng jia yue kd kan yu jia yue bu ki聚会占家问之，某日可取妇乎？五行家日可，堪舆家日不可,jidn chii jid yud b0_ jledngch6n jia yue- xiong li jib yue xiooxiong tion r6n jid yue xido jl建除家日不吉，丛辰家日大凶，历家日小凶，天人家日小吉,bl zho s( jl避诸死忌,tdi yl jio
31、 yu。dd jl bidn sdng bii ju6 yi zhudng wdnzhi yueyi Mi xfng wti zho 以五行为主。yi Mi xfng wti zho 以五行为主。太一家日大吉。辩讼不决，以状闻。制日:rfn qo wo wo xing zh* y?”人取於五行者也。rl zhe- zhi mi ng you zi Idi yi jf xiongzhdn hdu zhu wn mb zi qi ch。yl fd 日者之名，有自来矣。吉凶占候，著於墨子。齐楚异法,sho wdng hon jl hdu ron si jl jl zho do mdi qo mion kkio qln cl ydn zhong f6u书亡罕纪。彳爰人斯继，季主独美。取免暴秦，此焉终否。