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1、2022-2023学年北京市房山区高二(上)期末英语试卷At about 11 p.m., Janet got off the train, went into her car and started driving home.She was so familiarwith the route that she almost( 1 )automatically: turned left to the Station Road, then another left ontoMontauk Highway, and then - bang! When Janets car had just cro
2、ssed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up, she was in the vehicle.As it happened, Andrew was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his be
3、droom window.As a retired (4), Andrew, who was 69, fetched a flashlight and rushed out without (5).Arriving at the spot, Andrew looked around and (6)Janets car straddling the railway tracks.And then he heard the bell ring, which signaled a trains arrival.The train was running toward them at a speed
4、of some 105 kilometers per hour.The drivefsC?) cannot be opened due to the collision, so Andrew quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door.He put the airbags,seized her arms, pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to 9) as soon as pos
5、sible.Several seconds later, the train crashed into the vehicle.Last night, said Gregory, Chief of the Department in South Country Ambulance, nthe(10)arrived inpajamas (睡衣裤),not in a fire truck/11. A.drove2. A.brought3. A.engaged4. A.doctorB. walkedB. wentB. stuckB. driver5. A.patience6. A.predicted
6、7. A.window8. doubtB. realizedB. door8. A. aside9. A. safetyB. downB. security10. A. reporter B. policeC. rodeC. pushedC. absorbedC. firefighterC. exceptionC. observedC. beltC. onC. stationC. heroD. hikedD. movedD. spottedD. engineerD. hesitationD. discoveredD. handleD. upD. shelterD. soldier11. Ste
7、phen Curry was thought by many people to be unsuitable for a career in professionalbasketball.However, (select) for the NBA in 2009, he joined the Golden State.Warriors and performed (2) everyone expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts.In 2015, Stephen (3) ( win) his first NBA
8、 championship, and he led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975.(1)答案和解析1 10.【答案】A、C、B、C、D、D、B、A、A、C【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.drove开车;B.walked散步;C.rode骑车;D.hiked徒步旅 行。根据上句 At about 11 p.m., Janet got off the train, went into her car and started driving home 可 知大约晚上11点,珍妮特下了火车,进入她的汽车,开始开车回家。说明
9、她几乎自动驾驶。故答 案为Ao(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.brought带来;B.went去;C.pushed推动;D.moved移动。根据上 句 When Janets car had just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle 可知当珍妮特的车刚刚穿 过铁轨时,撞上了另一辆车,被推回了铁轨上。故答案为C。(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.engaged从事;B.stuck卡住;C.absorbed吸收;D.spotted发现。根 据后文 The drivers (7) cannot be opened due to the
10、 collision,so Andrew quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door 可知由于碰撞,司机门无法打开, 因此安德鲁迅速跑到另一边,设法打开了车门。说明珍妮被卡在车里了。故答案为B。(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.doctor医生;B.driver司机;C.firefighter消防员;D.engineer工程师。 根据后文the (10) arrived in pajamas (睡衣裤),not in a fire truck.可知”英雄穿着睡衣来了 (睡 衣裤),而不是在消防车里。”说明他是一名退休的消防员
11、。故答案为C。(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.patience耐心;B.doubt怀疑;C.exception例外;D.hesitation犹豫。 根据上句Andrew, who was 69, fetched a flashlight and rushed out可知69岁的安德鲁拿起手电筒, 毫不犹豫地冲了出去。without hesitation毫不犹豫。故答案为D。(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.predicted预测;B.realized意识到;C.observed观察;D.discovered 发现。根据下句Janet *s car straddling the railway tra
12、cks可知到达现场后,安德鲁环顾四周,发现珍 妮特的车跨在铁轨上。故答案为D。(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.window窗户;B.door门;C.belt腰带;D.handle把手。根据下句 so Andrew quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door 可知安德鲁迅速跑到另一边,设 法打开了车门。说明一边的门无法打开。故答案为B。(8)考查副词及语境理解。A.aside一边;B.down向下;C.on在上面;D.up向上。根据前文Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and b
13、y the airbags that popped up, she was (3) in the vehicle. 可知她受了伤,但主要是被撞车和弹出的安全气囊吓到了,她被困在了车里。说明他先把安全气 囊房子一边,把她救了出来。故答案为A。(9)考查名词及语境理解。A.safety安全;B.security安全感;C.station车站;D.shelter避难所。根据上句 He put the airbags (8) , seized her arms, pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her
14、out可知他把安全气囊放在一边,抓住她的胳膊,把她 拉过乘客座位,直到最后把她拉出来,并尽快把她送到安全的地方。故答案为A。(10)考查名词及语境理解。A.reporter记者;B.police警察;C.hero英雄;D.soldier 士兵。根据 前文 He put the airbags (8) , seized her arms, pulled her toward himacross the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to (9) as soon as possible. nJ知他把安 全气囊放在一边
15、,抓住她的胳膊,把她拉过乘客座位,直到最后把她拉出来,并尽快把她送到安 全的地方。说明他是一名救人英雄。故答案为C。这是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个志愿者消防员深夜救人的感人故事。完形填空题的命题趋势解题步骤:1 ,通读全文,理解大意。重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解文章大 意,这是解题的基础。2 .瞻前顾后,避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的 原则,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下 文中就有暗示或者明显的提示,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3 .复读全文,解决残敌
16、。借助已经补全的空格,对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留 的少数疑难问题。4 .再次复读,弥补疏漏,全部做好后,务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文 文意连贯。11【答案】【小题11 selected【小题2】beyond【小题3 won【解析】(1)考查过去分词。句意:然而,2009年入选NBA,他加盟了金州勇士队,凭借精准 的投篮和不断的努力,他的表现超出了所有人的预期。此处为非谓语动词作状语,Stephen select 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填selected。(2)考查介词。句意:然而,2009年入选NBA,他加盟了金州勇士队,凭借精准的投篮和不
17、断 的努力,他的表现超出了所有人的预期。beyond表示“超出”,符合句意,故填beyond。(3)考查动词时态。句意:2015年,斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军,他带领勇士队获得 了自1975年以来的第一个总冠军。时间状语为in 2015,句子用一般过去时。故填won。本文是记叙文。本文介绍了斯蒂芬库里被许多人认为不适合从事职业篮球生涯。然而,他用精准 的投篮和不断的努力超出了所有人的预期。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点 有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点
18、及一些语法知识。12【答案】小题1 buildings【小题2】But【小题3】praying【解析】(1)考查可数名词的复数。句意:巴黎人喜欢这座城市的老建筑,尤其是巴黎圣母院。 前面有名词所有格,所以用名词building,为可数名词,所以用名词复数泛指。故填buildings。(2)考查连词。句意:但这座有850年历史的教堂顶部和三分之二的屋顶在4月16日被大火摧 毁。前后是转折关系,所以用but连接,放在句首,所以开头字母要大写。故填But。(3)考查现在分词。句意:巴黎人非常震惊,聚集在这座巨大的教堂周围,为数百名救火队员祈 祷。空前已有谓语,该空与空前谓语无连词连接,动词pray用
19、非谓语形式,逻辑主语Parisians与 动词pray是主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填praying。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴黎圣母院发生火灾的故事。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点 有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在 平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。13【答案】小题1 longest【小题2 which【小题3】to allow【小题 4 】have been using【解析】(1)考查形容词最高级。句意:首先映入我眼帘的是壮观的清水河大桥,这是世界上最 长的建
20、在永久冻土上的桥。根据冠词“the”及名词”bridge”可知,此处需要形容词最高级作定语修饰 名词。故填longest。(2)考查非限制性定语从句。句意:一群藏羚羊正在桥下活动,一些停下来悠闲地吃草。先行词 是“Tibetan antelopes ,指物,所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,作介词of1的宾语。 故填which o(3)考查动词不定式。句意:铁路下面已经修了 33条通道,让动物们在自然栖息地安全自由地 活动。句中已有谓语动词have been built,所以此处需要非谓语动词形式,此处是作目的状语, 故用动词不定式。故填to allow。(4)考查动词时态和主谓一
21、致。句意:野生动物,比如藏羚羊,多年来一直在使用这些通道。根 据时间状语foryears,可知指截止到现在一直使用,所以用现在完成进行时态,主语为名词复数。 故填 have been usingo这是一篇记叙文。描述了在清水河大桥飞驰而过时看到的情景。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点 有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在 平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。1416.【答案】A、D、A【解析】(1)细节理解题。由 Meals on Wheels 中的 For those teens w
22、ho just got their licenses, heres a volunteer opportunity that will make driving worthwhile.200 million meals have been delivered so far.(对于那些刚刚拿到驾照的青少年来说,这里有一个志愿者的机会,这将使驾驶变得值得。到目 前为止,已经提供 了 2 亿份餐食)和 Meals on Wheels is on a mission to meet the nutritional and social needs of the elderly. (Meals on W
23、heels旨在满足老年人的营养和社会需求)可知,有驾照的青少 年可以加入志愿者Meals on Wheels给老人送饭。故选A项。(2)细节理解题。由 Best Buddies 中的 Volunteer with Best Buddies to help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and you can make them connected with other people.(与 Best Buddies 起 做志愿者,帮助有智力和发育障碍的人,你可以让他们与其他人取得联系)可知,为了帮助有发 育障碍的人
24、,你可以加入Best Buddies。故选D项。(3)目的意图题。通读全文,作者介绍了 Love Zone组织和它的志愿者活动,最后一段中的Even if you can*t volunteer physically, there are also tons of online volunteer opportunities available! If you want to find out more about joining a worthwhile volunteer organization, please click at www.LoveZone.org.(即使你不能亲自做志愿者
25、,也有很多在线志愿者的机会!如果你想了解更多关于加入一个有价 值的志愿者组织的信息,请点击www.LoveZone.org)可知,作者写这篇文章是为了号召更多的人 去做志愿者。故选A项。本文为应用文。作者通过介绍Love Zone组织和它提供的几个志愿者活动项目,号召更多的年轻 人去做志愿者。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。1720.【答案】D、B、A、C解析(1)细节理解题。根据第一段
26、However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而,人们更广泛地记得,蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而 被授予皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)可知,他被授予第一个顾拜旦体育精神奖章。故选D。(2)词义猜测题。根据第二段 At the 1964 Games in Innsbruck
27、, Austria, Monti and his partner Sergio Siorpaes were the defending world champions, which made them in the two-man event.(在 1964 年奥地利因斯布鲁克奥运会上,蒙蒂和他的搭档塞尔吉奥西奥帕斯是卫冕世界冠军,这使他们成 为两人项目的O )可知,因为他们是卫冕世界冠军,所以成为两人项目最有希望获胜的,由此 可知,划线单词favourites”与B项”预计将获胜的竞争对手”意思一样。A.Sportsmen who have a strong fan base拥有强大粉丝基础
28、的运动员;B.Competitors who are expected to win 有望获胜的竞争对手;C.Athletes who receive better treatments 接受更好治疗的运动员;D.Players who are liked better by people人们更喜欢的球员。故选B。(3)推理判断题。根据第三段 On day two, however, a faulty axle (车轴)on the sled would have been sure to lead to their withdrawal, if it werent for Monti off
29、ering to lend them the bolt (螺栓) from his sled.(然而,第二天,如果不是蒙蒂愿意把雪橇上的螺栓借给他们,雪橇上的轴有故障肯定会 导致他们撤退。)说明蒙蒂很慷慨;以及第四段Four days later in the four-man event, Montis selflessness towards his fellow competitors shone through for a second time when the rear axle on the Canadian team sled was damaged.(四天后,在四人滑雪比赛中
30、,当加拿大队雪橇的后轴受损时, 蒙蒂对其他对手的无私再次显现出来。蒙蒂派意大利队的机械师去修理,结果加拿大队赢得了金 牌,蒙蒂只得再拿一枚铜牌。)可知,蒙蒂非常的无私。A.Generous and selfless慷慨无私的; B.Curious and adaptable 好奇适应的;C.Responsible and courageous 负责勇敢的;D.Persevering and hardworking 坚韧不拔的。故选 A。(4)标题归纳题。根据第一段 However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to
31、be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而,人们更广泛地记得,蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而 被授予皮皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)以及最后一段Monti was recognised with the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship after the 1964 Winter Games.And four years later, at
32、the age of 40, at the 1968 Games in Grenoble, Monti finally fulfilled his dream of being an Olympic champion. (1964 年冬季奥运会后,蒙蒂被授予顾拜旦体育精神奖章。四年后,在1968年格勒诺布尔奥运会上,40 岁的蒙蒂终于实现了他成为奥运冠军的梦想。)可知,尤金尼奥蒙蒂虽然因为2次帮助雪橇出故 障的对手而错失奥运金牌,但是展现了体育精神,是真正的雪橇冠军。故C.Eugenio Monti一A Real Bobsleigh Champion. (Eugenio Monti真正的雪橇冠
33、军。)适合做标题。 故选C。本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了出生于1928年的意大利最优秀的年轻滑雪者尤金尼奥蒙蒂以及 在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔德顾拜旦奖章的事迹。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。2123,【答案】A、C、B解析(1)细节理解题。根据第段 As I read about Sarah Loh journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League
34、 (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧)she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get there.(上周,当我读到Sarah Loh成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官的历程时, 我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感到备受鼓舞,但同时也对她在这里所面临的不公 平待遇感到失望)可知,Sarah Loh遭受了不公平的对待,故选A。(2) 推理判断题。
35、根据第五段 In recent years, national sporting organizations across Australia have shown an increasing commitment to and engagement in the promotion of gender equality and respect to prevent violence against all women.Recognizing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the
36、 drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awarenessraising programs such as Carlton Respects.(近年来,澳大利亚各地的国家体育组织对促进性别平等和尊重 防止对所有妇女的暴力行为表现出越来越多的承诺和参与。认识到自己的形象和影响力,他们已 采取积极措施,解决暴力和不平等的驱动因素,包括通过教育和提高认识的项目,如Carlto Respectso )可知,为了解决性别不平等的问题,这些机构已经通过教育和提高认识项目提高公众 对暴力侵害妇女行为的认识。故选
37、C。(3)目的意图题。阅读全文,并根据文章第一 As I read about Sarah Loh journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧)she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get
38、there.(上周,当我读到Sarah Loh成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官的 历程时,我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感到备受鼓舞,但同时也对她在这里所面 临的不公平待遇感到失望)以及最后一段 While resilience is a great strength to possess as a leader, women of color, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women or those from refugee and migrant backgrounds shouldnt be required to we
39、ar such a thick set of armor to simply work in sports.Surely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for.(虽然作为领导者,韧性是一种巨大的 力量,但有色人种女性、原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民女性或难民和移民背景的女性不应该被要求穿 上如此厚的盔甲来从事体育运动。当然,对所有人的尊重、平等和安全要求并不过分)可知,本 文以女性领袖Sarah Loh遭受的不公平的对待为例,旨在呼吁关注包含女性在内的所有人的尊重、 平等和安全。故选B。本文是一篇说明文。文章以澳
40、大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官Sarah Lol遭遇的不公平对待 为例,就该如何消除对女性的性别歧视提出了一些已经实施的和可以实施的措施。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。2427 .【答案】C、D、B、A解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段中的 When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a gho
41、stly white.(当海水变得异常温暖时,藻类会漂走,留下一片幽灵般的白色珊瑚 礁。)可知,当海水变暖之后,珊瑚会变成白色,故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据第四段中的 Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.(政府需 要对这些行业实施更严格的规定,例如更严格的地方建筑法规,并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞的 规则
42、。)可知,政府应该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。故选D。(3)细节理解题。根据第一段中 Australias Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revivedfve times .(澳大利亚大堡礁的面积大致相当于意大利,但它曾5次死亡并复活。) 可知,澳大利亚大堡礁曾经历过5次死亡并复活,而不是所有的珊瑚礁,选项A表述错误;根据 第三段中 Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the pla
43、nets fish diversity.(珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一,却支撑着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性)可知,珊瑚礁对于鱼类 的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用,选项B与文意相符;倒数第三段中Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing.Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort
44、into enforcing rules against overfishing.(它们的生态系统遭受农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的威胁。各国政府需要对这些行业 实施更严格的规定,比如更严格的地方建筑法规,并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)可知, 珊瑚礁受到农业、工业和过度捕捞的影响,未提及旅游对珊瑚礁的影响,故选项C表述错误;最 后一段中 Corals biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions.(珊瑚的生物多样性带来了希望,因为相同的珊瑚在不同
45、的条件下会有不同的生长)说 明珊蝴礁的生长会受到条件的影响,选项D错误。故选B。(4)目的意图题。通读文章,并根据第一段最后一句But now, due to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.(但现在,由于人类的活动,珊瑚面临着 迄今为止最复杂的环境条件),第二段中 When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white.ThisHbleachin
46、gnis happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s.Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.(当海水变得异常温暖时,藻类会漂走,留下一片幽灵般的白色珊瑚礁。这种“变白”的发生频率 是20世纪70年代的五倍。同时,海洋化学成分的变化使珊瑚更难形成结构),第四段中Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building si
47、tes and blast fishing.Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials (它们的生态系统受到农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的污染。政府需 要对这些行业实施更严格的规则)以及倒数第二段第一句Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs.(建立海洋保护区也有助于珊瑚礁)可知,文章主要介绍了珊蝴礁面临的复杂环境,建 议对其采取一些保护措施。由此推知,这篇文章的主要目的是让人们更加重视对珊瑚礁保护。故 选Ao本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珊蝴礁面
48、临的复杂环境,建议对其采取一些保护措施。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。2832.【答案】D、E、C、B、G【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据前句Have you ever heard the famous quotenGenius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration (你 听过著名的名言”天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水”吗);以及后句Some artists, writers, poets, musicians, and even scientists look to a muse as the source of their creativity or genius (一些艺术家、作家、诗人、音乐家,甚至科学家都将缪斯视为他们创造力或天才的源泉),可 知表示“灵感对某些人来说很容易得到,但对另一些人来说却是一很难的事”的选项D可以起到承 上启下的作用,故选D。(2)推理判断题。根据后句 Music, specifically lyrics, cana