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1、所有这一切发生在周一晚上。所有这一切发生在周一晚上。It was on Monday night that all this happened.All this happened on Monday night.一般疑问句一般疑问句Was it on Monday night that all this happened?是在什么时候这一切发生的？是在什么时候这一切发生的？When was it that all this happened?我想知道是在我想知道是在I wonder when it was that all this happened.午餐时分，收音机预报，到下午薄雾会变成浓雾
2、。午餐时分，收音机预报，到下午薄雾会变成浓雾。At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.她疑惑公交车是不是还照常发车。她疑惑公交车是不是还照常发车。She wondered if the buses would still be running实际情况是雾太大了，公交车去不了那么远实际情况是雾太大了，公交车去不了那么远The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that
3、 far她感觉到有个穿黑色大衣的高个男子在看着他。她感觉到有个穿黑色大衣的高个男子在看着他。She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.和人们所猜想的相反，有证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。和人们所猜想的相反，有证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。Contrary to what many people might assume,evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.那就是鸽子从古代就被用来传递信息甚至邮件的原因。那就是鸽子从古代就被用来传递信息甚至邮件的原因。T
4、hat is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail.这个指南针是如何工作的仍然是个谜。这个指南针是如何工作的仍然是个谜。How this compass works remains a mystery.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseObject clausePredicative clause主语从句主语从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (No
5、un Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名名词从句的功能相当于名词词组词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。同位语从句。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his
6、 job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surpr
7、ised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.Appositive Clause(同位语从句同位语从句)Subject Clause(主语从句主语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句宾语从句)Predicative Clause(表语从句表语从句)1 That he
8、will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚
9、轻句子头重脚轻,经常经常用用it作形式主语作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。真正的主语。1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.“It”is used as empty subject形式主语形式主语Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that 很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/
10、必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚Its said/reported that 据说据说/据报道据报道It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧.Its been announced/declared that已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所众所周知周知)/a common saying(俗话说俗话说)that宾语宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语成分在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓
11、语动词的宾语不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)They know that the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the foll
12、owing clauses.that,whether,if (that 常可省略常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从
13、句从句(真正宾语真正宾语)的句型中的句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导 的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略。He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on time.The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked
14、 as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。在连系动词之后。作用：作用：对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。when/where/why/how/because that/whether/as if/as though(if 不引不引导表语从句导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词象名词(idea；belief；fact；trut
15、h；problem；news等等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用同位语从句常用that/what引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察视察)them.3)Sydney kept his promise that he would always
16、 do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.分析下列宾语从句中的连词分析下列宾语从句中的连词1.I dont doubt（that）you will succeed.2.I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.3.I doubt if/whether you will keep your promise.3 3个句子中的连词个句子中的连词that,whether,if that,whether,if（是否）在名词性是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分从句
17、中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为被称为连接词连接词注意注意：A.that A.that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether B.whether 和和ifif有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if if 仅可以仅可以用于宾语从句。用于宾语从句。二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that 和和
18、what 的选用的选用that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，从句。但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而句的主语、宾语、或表语。而thatthat在在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。连接作用。that/what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.
19、4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do
20、.g.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句连在一起引导宾语从句时不用时不用if.不能使用不能使用if 的情况：的情况：1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he shoul
21、d do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择正确的选择 who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作连接词既具有
22、疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwho
23、whatwherethat可省略的情况：可省略的情况：that不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的that可省略可省略1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team
24、 won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用n.+连接词连接词+从句从句fact
25、,idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information,possibility/chance等等whether,what,when,where 等来引导同等来引导同位语从句。位语从句。1.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _
26、he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhether1.1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的导同
27、位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做在同位语从句中不做任何成分任何成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用,无具体含义无具体含义,且且不可省略。不可省略。1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The informati
28、on that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPATHe gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.名词名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should+do,should 可省略可省略 a.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。He believes _.b.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干
29、什么。Please tell me _.his dream will come true some dayat this time yesterday1 1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。一种时态。what you were doing他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.he
30、was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line2.2.如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。从句谓语通常用一般现在时。1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The
31、reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason后后面面的的表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that引引导导,不不能能用用why引引导导,但但reason后后面面的的定定语语从从句可以用句可以用why 或者或者that 引导。引导。在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，我我们们还还须须特特别别注意以下问题：注意以下问题：whythatthatthat1.They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact _
32、he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that whic
33、h C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether C.that D.which7.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 8.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 9.The reas
34、on _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 10._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because11._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if12.I
35、t is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that13.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon14.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he b
36、roke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break15.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what16.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes17.He made a promise _ anyone
37、 set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if18.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how2.It is good news _ they
38、will arrive in a few days.A.which B.what C.that D.how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A.thought that B.thinks that C.was thought that D.is thought that提升练习提升练习提升练习提升练习4.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where 5.This is _ she was born.A.where B.which C.that D.what6.The ques
39、tion is _ we cant go there today.A.that B.what C.which D.when7.The question is _ it is worth doing.A.if B.whether C.which D.what8.The reason why he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.because B.why C.that D.what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice field
40、s.A.what B.that C.which D.where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house.A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won.A.which B.that C.what D.where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A.which B.that C.whether D.if