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1、Grammar TheNounClauses名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClauseWhowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelos
2、tthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)NounclauseTheAppositive(同位语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词1.连词连词that,whether,if不充当从句的任不充当从句的任何成分）何成分）2.连接代词：连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅不仅起到连接一个句子的
3、作用，同时也是从起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。句的一个组成部分。3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,why,how主语从句主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。Thestoryistrue.e.g.Thattheearthisroundistrue.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.1.引导主语从句的连词引导主语从句的连词that
4、是不能省略的。是不能省略的。ThattheearthisroundistrueItistruethattheearthisround.Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事你非走不可真是件憾事。Thatyoushouldhavetoleaveisapity2.表示表示“是否是否”意义时，一般用意义时，一般用whether而不用而不用if引导主语从句，引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.但如果有形式主语但如果有形式主语it引导时，既可用引导时，既可用whether，也可用也可用if。e.g.
5、Itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot.3.有时可用形式主语有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：代替主语从句：e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.用用it作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：配关系：a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句Itisnecessarythat有必要有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显很明
6、显b.It+be+-ed分词分词+that-从句从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定已决定c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句Itappearsthat似乎似乎Ithappensthat碰巧碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起我突然想起1._youdontli
7、kehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter练一练！练一练！what与与that在引导名词性从句时的区别在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当主引导名词性从句时在从句中充当主语语,宾语宾语,表语表语“所所的的”.而而that则没有则没有意义意义,它在句子中只起连接作用它在句子中只起连接作用,.1Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2Tha
8、ttheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.3._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4._thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That5._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Whenandwhyhe
9、camehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how3.ItworriedMaryalot_shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how宾语从句宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语
10、从句。句。e.g.Doyouknowwhereheis?Imglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.ImsorryforwhatIhavesaid.我为我说的话表示歉意。我为我说的话表示歉意。特别提示特别提示1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时但如从句是并列句时,第二个分第二个分句前的句前的that不可省不可省。2.下列宾语从句下列宾
11、语从句必须用必须用whether引导不可用引导不可用ifa.whether.ornot，不可用，不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.b.介词介词+whether:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。这要看他是否会来。c.whether+todo:Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你你能否告诉我是去还是留？能否告诉我是去还是留？3.宾语从句宾语从句语序要用语序要用陈述语序陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我
12、想知我想知道他告诉了你什么。道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。的支持。3.宾语从句宾语从句语序要用语序要用陈述语序陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总
13、是在想怎样能把工作做好。她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。给予热情的支持。4.think,believe,imagine,suppose从句中的否定形式移到主句中。从句中的否定形式移到主句中。Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认我们认为你不在这。为你不在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相我相信他不会这样做。信他不会这样做。1.Heasked_foraviolinA.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.ho
14、wmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.where4.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_uptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrown
15、B.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong6.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowe
16、giveD.howweget;thatwegive7.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited8.Doyouknow_?A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld?B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopu
17、lationoftheworldis9.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether10.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatIfdependson_wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when表语从句表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.表语表语从句放在连系动词后，如：从句放在连系动词后，如：be，seem,remain等，有
18、时用等，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语引导。其基本结构为：主语+系系动词动词+that从句。从句。e.g.TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.特别提醒特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用表语从句是不用if引导的引导的,要用要用whether.主语是主语是reason时，表语从句常用时，表语从句常用that，不，不用用because
19、.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoonA.whenB.howC.whetherD.why2.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlesson
20、s.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that4.GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas_thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that6.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitused tobe7.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that