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1、初中英语语法知识:常考副词用法归纳(7)一、publicly的用法说明publicly的基本意思是“公开地”“公然地”“当众”等。根据语义的需要,它在句中的位置比较灵活。1.位于动词之前They publicly declared their love for each other.他们公开宣布了对彼此的爱。The president publicly expressed his disbelief at what had happened.主席对所发生的事情公开表示质疑。The wedding ceremony publicly marks the beginning of commitme
2、nt to another through marriage.婚礼是通过婚姻的形式公开对另一个人承担义务的开始。2.位于动词之后He never spoke publicly about the affair.他从未公开说过此事。Some residents were frightened to talk publicly.有些居民害怕公开讨论。He acknowledged publicly that he might have made a mistake.他当众承认自己可能犯了个错误。3.位于动宾结构之后Pittman refused to discuss the case public
3、ly.利特曼拒绝公开讨论此案。Ministers were told not to criticize the policy publicly.部长们被告知不许公开批评这项政策。He thinks that some workers may be afraid to put questions publicly.他认为一些工人可能害怕公开提问。4.位于特殊动词与主要动词之间这里所说的特殊动词包括助动词、情态动词以及系动词be。如:He had publicly sneered at the idea.州曾公开讥讽过这个想法。这类用法尤其见于被动结构中。如:The play was first
4、publicly performed in 1872.该剧首次公演是在1872年。She was publicly acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery她对此发现做出的贡献赢得了众口一词的特誉。二、副词rather的两种边缘用法If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it immediately. imagine that it is trueA.ThusB.BesidesC.RatherD.Otherwise此题答案为C。在特定语境中考查副词的用法,最好
5、用代入翻译法来做。四个选项的意思分别是:thus表示“因此”,besides表示“而且”,rather表示“恰恰相反”“而是”,otherwise表示“否则”。将四个选项代入句中,只有C最合适。句意为:如果你的朋友提出的看法让你惊讶,不要马上反对它,恰恰相反,你可以设想它是真实的。rather有多种用法,如表示程度,意思是“颇”“相当”;用于修饰比较级,表示“得多”;用于rather than, would rather.than等固定搭配,这些用法由干在教材中出现得比较多,所以同学们大都比较熟悉。但是,rather 有两种非常有用的用法,许多同学可能并不孰悉(我们姑且称它为边缘用法),而它们
6、却可能是高考英语比较重要的考点。1.用于纠正前面说过的话此用法主要见干说话者在陈述某一事实之后,觉得表达不够准确,于是想予以纠正,此时通常与连词or搭配使用,其意为“更确切地说”“还不如说”。如:I got a B, or rather a B+. on the exam.我考试得了B,更确切地说是B+。She is a businesswoman, or rather a banker. 她是商人,更确切地说,是位银行家。Im seeing him in May-or rather early June.我5月份见他一一更确切地说是在6月初。2.用于引出相反的观点此用法与前面提到的“纠正前面
7、说过的话”有些相似,只不过“纠正”的力度比较大,甚至提出了与前面所述观点相反的观点,此时的意思是“而是”“恰恰相反”。如:He did not succeed; rather, he failed long ago.他没有成功,相反他早就失败了。No. Im not tired. Rather the opposite in fact.不,不累,恰恰相反,我感觉精力还很充沛。Twenty million years ago,Idaho was not the arid place it is now.Rather it was warm and damp. populated by dense
8、 primordial forest.2,000万年前,爱达荷州并不像现在这样干旱。相反,那时的爱达荷州温暖潮湿,有大片的原始森林。三、already通常连用的句型与时态1.表示“已经”,通常用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句(此时要用vet)。如:This idea has already taken root in their minds. 这个想法已在他们脑中子根。This idea hasnt taken root in their minds yet. 这个想法还没有在他们脑中扎根。2.若用于否定句或疑问句,则通常含有惊讶之意。如:Youre not leaving us alread
9、y, are you?你已经决定要离开我们了,是吧?Have your children started school already? 你的孩子们已经上学了?Good Heavens. Have you been to Belfast already?天哪!你已经去过贝尔法斯特了?另外,有时也用于否定的条件状语从句中。如:If he hasnt seen the film already. he may get the ticket.假若他还未看过这电影,他可以弄到票的。3.除通常与完成时态连用外,它还可用于以下时态:(1)进行时态。如:He was already balding at t
10、he age of25.他25岁就秃顶了。The furniture is already showing signs of wear 家具已经有磨损的迹象了。(2)一般现在时或一般过去时(动词通常为静态动词或状语动词)。如:Its already late. 已经迟了。This machine is already out of date.这台机器已经过时了。When I was fourteen I already knew that I wanted to be a doctor, 我14岁的时候已经知道我要当个医生。四、副词ago的用法归纳与易错说明1.表示多久时间“以前”这一意义时,
11、注意以下用法:只能与一段时间连用,不与一点时间连用;只能放在时间段之后,不能置于其前;通常只与过去时连用,不与现在完成时连用。如:It last rained eight months ago. 最后一次下雨是在8个月前。He isnt what he used to be three years ago.他已不是3年前的他了。但是若用于表示推测的句子,或因为行文的需要而使句子生动等,ago 有时也可与过去完成式连用。如:He may have been there a month ago. 他也许一个星期以前就去过那儿。He told me he had seen her a few day
12、s ago.他告诉我他几天前见到过她。另外,如果sinceago,则动词可用现在完成时。如:I havent bought any since a week ago.一个星期以来,我没有买过。Ive been living here since about eight years ago.自从大约8年以前,我一直住在这里。2.含有 ago 的短语通常用作状语,有时也用作表语。如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?That was over twenty years ago. 这是20多年前的事了。It was nine years and two American Presidents ago.那是9年前的事了,其间换过两任美国总统。3.汉语中的“多久以前的今天(明天)”,英语一般用“一段时间+ago today(tomorrow)”来表示。如:He died ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天去世的。The meeting took place a fortnight ago tomorrow.会议在两个星期以前的明天举行。学科网(北京)股份有限公司