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1、句句子子成成分分 同位语同位语 主语主语 宾语宾语 谓语谓语 定语定语 补语补语 状语状语表语表语同位语同位语一，主语一，主语1.含义：句子核心动作的发出者。2.常作主语的词：名词，代词，doing等。3.例句（1）名词：Children like playing.（2）代词：We needed friends.（3）doing：Swimming makes me happy.二，谓语二，谓语1.含义：句子的核心动作。2.只能作谓语的词：谓语动词（do,does,did等）。3.例句（1）动词原形do：Children like playing.（2）动词的过去式did：We needed f
2、riends.（3）动词的单三does：Swimming makes me happy.三，宾语三，宾语1.含义：动作的承受者。（介词后面也叫宾语）2.常作宾语的词：名词，代词，doing，to do。3.例句（1）doing：Children like playing.（2）名词：We needed friends.（3）代词：Swimming makes me happy.（4）to do：I want to go home.四，定语四，定语1.含义：起限定作用的词，译为“的”。2.常作定语的词：形容词，代词，介词短语，非谓语动词（to do,doing,done等）*英语中，定语多于英语
3、中，定语多于1个单词时常写在后面，从后往前翻译个单词时常写在后面，从后往前翻译 3.例句（1）形容词：I saw a beautuful butterfly.（2）代词：The shoes are his gift.（3）介词短语 The people in Daqing are friendly.（4）to do I want something to drink.（5）doing The kids running there are cute.（6）done The dishes cooked by my mom are delicious.1.含义：表示一种状态，在此状态下发生了某个动作
4、。2.常作状语的词：副词，介词短语，非谓语动词（to do,doing,done等）*英语中，状语有时写在动词后面，这时从后往前翻译英语中，状语有时写在动词后面，这时从后往前翻译 3.例句（1）副词：China is developing quickly.（2）介词短语：I was born in 1984.（3）to do：She went abroad to study.（4）doing：They sat in the library,reading books.（5）done：Helped by my family,I finished the work on time.六，补语六，补语
5、1.含义：在宾语后面，对其性质状态或动作进行补充。2.常作补语的词：形容词，名词，非谓语动词（to do,doing,done等）3.例句（1）形容词：You make me happy.（2）名词：I name the cat Kitty.（3）to do：The teacher asked him to come in.（4）doing：Tom saw a man crying on the road.（5）done：The question made me confused.七，表语七，表语1.含义：在系动词后，对主语性质特点动作进行表现。2.常作表语的词：形容词，名词，代词，介词短语，
6、非谓语动词（to do,doing,done等）*常见系动词：常见系动词：be动词（动词（am,is,are,was,were）感官动词（感官动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）译为译为“变得变得”的动词的动词（go,get,grow,turn,become）3.例句（1）形容词：The cake smells good.（2）名词：You are students.（3）代词 The apples are minemine.（4）介词短语 Mary was on the buson the bus.（5）to do My purpose is to helpto help you.（6）doing They are watchingwatching TV now.（7）done You are defeateddefeated.八，同位语八，同位语1.含义：在名词或代词后面，和前面的词地位相同，说的是同一个人或物。2.常作同位语的词：名词 3.例句（1）在名词后：Lucy,a teenager,is waiting for you.（2）在代词后：We students must study hard.