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1、选修十选修十 Unit 5 Learning about languageGrammar:Subjunctive moodLead in I wish there were Father Christmas in the world.If I were Father Christmas,I would send gifts to everyone.I advise you contribute your love to helping the people in trouble.Subjunctive mood虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜想猜想,而不表示客
2、观存在的事实。而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。来表示。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure)，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑doubt等等。用在有用在有意志词意志词的宾语从句的宾语从句,主语主语从句从句,同位语从句同位语从句用在用在If条件句中条件句中用在主语从句用在主语从句(should)+动词原形动词原形用在用在Its time后定语从句中后定语从句中用在用在 wish/if only引导的句中引导
3、的句中Work in groups of four to get the usages of them用用情态动词情态动词have done表对表对过去的虚拟过去的虚拟用在用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中用在用在may+动词原形表动词原形表“祝愿祝愿”。用在用在as if(as though)引导的表语引导的表语从句或状语从句中从句或状语从句中一、用在动词一、用在动词一坚持一坚持(insist)二命令二命令(order/command)三建议三建议(suggest/advise/propose)四要求四要求(ask/require/request/demand)后
4、的宾语从句或含这些词后的宾语从句或含这些词(包括其分词包括其分词,名词形式名词形式)的各类名词性从句中。的各类名词性从句中。We suggested that we(should)have meeting.另另:suggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”解时解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。如宾语从句不用虚拟语气。如:His attitude suggested that he was angry.insist“力言力言”、“坚持坚持(认为认为)”解时解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。例：宾语从句不用虚拟语气。例：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anythin
5、g.二、用在条件句中二、用在条件句中If 条件状语从句条件状语从句if 主句主句与现在与现在事实相反事实相反动词过去式动词过去式(be用用were)Would/should/could/might+动原动原与过去与过去事实相反事实相反 had done Would/should could/might+have+done与将来与将来事实相反事实相反A:动词过去式动词过去式B:were to+动原动原C:should+动原动原Would/should could/might+动原动原1)表与现在事实相反表与现在事实相反:If I were you,I should study English h
6、ard.If he had time,he would attend the meeting.2)表与过去事实相反：表与过去事实相反：If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.3)表与将来事实相反：表与将来事实相反：If you came/should come/were to come tomorrow,we would have the meeting.注注:1.If 从句中从句中,有有were(助动词助动词had,should)时可省略时可省略If,用倒装。用倒装。上面的句子可省上面的句子可省If,可变为：可变为：Were I yo
7、u,I should study English.Had you come yesterday,you would have met him.Should you come tomorrow,we would have the meeting.but for,without,otherwise等形式的等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。含蓄的虚拟语气。1)Without air,there _(有有)no living things.2)But for the rain we _(有有)a pleasant journey today.3)He is not a careful driver;otherw
8、ise he(不会撞不会撞)_ the tree yesterday.would be should havewouldnt have hit2.含蓄的虚拟语气含蓄的虚拟语气But for your help,I couldnt have made so much progress.要不是你的帮助要不是你的帮助,我不可能取得这么大我不可能取得这么大的进步。的进步。(条件暗含在介词短语条件暗含在介词短语But for your help中中)This same thing,happening in wartime,would result in disaster.同样的事同样的事,如果发生在战时
9、如果发生在战时,就会酿成就会酿成大祸。大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中)3.时间错综的虚拟语气时间错综的虚拟语气If从句中时间与主句时间不一致。从句中时间与主句时间不一致。lIf you had worked hard last year,you would be in university now.lHad I taken the medicine,I would be better now.三、用在主语从句三、用在主语从句(should)+动词原形动词原形结构：结构：It is+important(necessary,natural,
10、strange)+that从句从句 It is a pity(a shame,no wonder)+that从句从句 It is suggested(decided,ordered,demanded,required)+that从句从句例例:It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity that you be so careless.It will be suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon.四、用在定语从句中四、用在
11、定语从句中It is(high)time(that)句型中句型中,定语定语从句的谓词用从句的谓词用过去式过去式(be用用were),或或“should+动原动原(should)不能省略不能省略”来来表示表示,意为意为“(现在现在)该该”。lIt is(high)time we left.lIt is high time we should go.五、用在五、用在 wish/if only(要是要是就好了就好了)引导的句中引导的句中 if only+wish1.过去式过去式(表现在的假设表现在的假设)2.had done(表过去的假设表过去的假设)3.would+动词原形动词原形(表将来表将来
12、的假设的假设)If only I were a bird!=How I wish I were a bird.我如果是一只鸟就好了！我如果是一只鸟就好了！If only I had taken his advice=I wish I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了我要是听他的话就好了!六、用在六、用在would rather引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中 谓语动词用谓语动词用1.过去式过去式(表现在表现在/将来的假设将来的假设)2.had done(表过去的假设表过去的假设)I would rather we stopped now.He would rath
13、er his mother didnt come next time.I would rather she had not done that yesterday.七、用在七、用在may+动词原形动词原形表表“祝愿祝愿”。may放在句首。例：放在句首。例：May you be happy!May you succeed!1.过去式过去式(表现在的假设表现在的假设)2.had done(表过去的假设表过去的假设)3.would+动词原形动词原形(表将来的假表将来的假设设)谓语动词谓语动词用用八、用在八、用在as if(as though)引导的表语引导的表语从句或状语从句中。从句或状语从句中。N
14、ote:如果从句内容接近现实如果从句内容接近现实,则用陈述语气。则用陈述语气。The football player rolled on the ground as if he was hurt seriously.He looks as if he were an artist.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England before.The teacher raised her hand as if she would beat the boy,but then smiled.九、情态动词九、情
15、态动词+have done表示对过去表示对过去事实的虚拟。事实的虚拟。should/ought to have done 本应该做本应该做(却没有做却没有做)shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不应该做本不应该做(却做了却做了)could have done 本能做本能做(却没做到却没做到)might have done 或许可以做或许可以做(却没做到却没做到)neednt have done 本不必做本不必做(却做了却做了)1.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.A.was happening
16、 B.happens C.has happened D.happenedpracticeD2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;whatB3.If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like
17、to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A.would B.could C.had to D.ought toB4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;didnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have gotD5.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she w
18、ould have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had comeD6.Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.A.can manage B.could have managedC.could manage D.can have managedB7.Im sorry.I _ at you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldnt
19、 shout B.shouldnt have shouted C.mustnt shout D.mustnt have shoutedB8.What a pity.Considering his ability and experience,he _ better.A.need have done B.must have done C.can have done D.might have doneD2 Read the conversation and underline the use of the subjunctive mood.A:Suppose you never needed to
20、 sleep.What would you do?B:Wouldnt that be good?Id spend my time going to movies and visiting friends.C:Dont you think youd get bored?Id rather use the time for more study.A:I wouldnt.Id get a job and earn some money.What would you do,Tim?D:Id probably still sleep,even if I didnt need to.I love sleeping.In fact,I wish I had more time to sleep,not less.HomeworkIf there were only 3 days for you to survive,suppose what would you do within these 3 days.Write a short passage to list your ideas using subjunctive mood.