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1、长难句长难句Barriers to understanding a textLack of the ability to analyze a long sentenceBad habits,Lack of some backgrounds too many new words 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补
2、充主干的作用，它既可以是结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。遇遇到到长长难难句句时时，能能通通过过阅阅读读句句子子然然后后准准确确分分析析句句子子结结构构是是解解决决问问题题的的关关键键。先先确确定定主主句句及及从从句句是是谁谁，注注意意从从句句套套从从句句时时要要弄弄清清楚楚句句与与句句之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，再再找找主主句句及及从从句句的的主主干干（主主、谓谓、宾宾、表表），最最后后找找出出主主句句及及从从句句的的枝枝叶叶（
3、定定、状状、补补）等。等。(一)找出句子的谓语和主语长难句分析方法长难句分析方法 根据谓语动词来确定其主语，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词，则该句可能是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.解析 that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是would encourage和hurt，根据逻辑关系可知，encourage和hurt
4、 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。翻译 二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。(二)提取句子主干成分，祛除多余成分 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudi
5、nal Study of Adolescent Health,a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.解析 句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex作Economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescen
6、t Health作findings的定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health的同位语；charting.作project的定语；who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。翻译 来自苏塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵观研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的青少年中的一组青少年的财产情况。(三)寻找句与句之间的关联词，分辨内在的逻辑关系 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，而这些并列句或复合句之间
7、需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义，从而长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.解析 此句为主从复合句，句中Whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从
8、句，how well 引导的宾语从句作介词of 的宾语。翻译 你与教授相处得是否融洽对你自身的发展有着巨大的影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。(四)找出固定搭配，防止分隔现象 有时一个长句或难句由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则会对句意的理解产生偏差。Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products,to some degree,their main selling points and emphasize it in the
9、ir advertising.解析 此句型中含有“make宾语宾补”的复合结构，即“使成为”。宾语为the manufacturing.products,宾补为their main selling points，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开了，从而增加了理解难度。翻译 从某种程度上来说，一些公司把生产卫生、安全的产品当作它们的主要卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。随堂演练1.2021浙 江 1月 BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether som
10、eone is a healthy weight.which/that2.2021全国新高考_ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.What3.2021天津William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.from which4.2021北京When you sleep,your brain sorts through e
11、verything _ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.that5.Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time or vacation work while youre at university,make sure _ you take the following issues into consideration before committing yourself.6.The most important idea behi
12、nd the kind of party planning _（describe）here is that it brings parents and children closer together.described7.In general,womens friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support,_ mens relationships are marked by shared activities.but/while8._makes this debate unique is that every me
13、al we eat is at its very core.And that fact means one thing:its an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables,but dinner tables.What分析下列长难句并写出每句的译文The reason why the Beatles lives up to the reputation as the milestone in pop music lies in the fact that they are capable of adding their emoti
14、ons and feelings for political affairs to their songs.At last,the leader drew the conclusion that he preferred to run a risk of developing new products rather than go on producing the products that cant meet the demands of the new market.甲壳虫乐队不负声名，是流行乐坛的里程碑，其原因在于他们能将自己对于政治事件的看法和情感融入他们的歌曲。最后，领导得出理论：他
15、宁可冒险开发新产品也不愿意继续生产这些无法满足市场需要的产品。Child as he is,he has known that the more exposed he is to financial issues,and the younger he becomes aware of them,the more likely he is to become a responsible,forward-planning adult who can manage his finances confidently and effectively.尽管他还是个孩子，却已经知道越早接触到财务问题，越早意
16、识到它们的存在，他就越有可能成为一个有责任心、有前瞻性的成年人，能自信有效地处理财务问题。Despite the fact that many fans have waited outside the gate of the booking office,many of them will still be told that the tickets are available only to the first 100 people free of charge.1.2021北京 When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hit
17、me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.2.2021浙江6月Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent,he moved forward,gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years late
18、r in 1948.翻译：_翻译：_Homework3.2021全国新高考The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding”Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.翻译：_4.2021全国乙Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.翻译：_Thanks