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1、高三英语语法专题复习-被动语态被动被动语态语态一般现在时一般过去式主语+am/are/is+done主语+was were+doneby 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化考点1时态时态结构结构例子例子一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are+doneThe desks are made in China.（肯定句）（肯定句）The desks arent made in China.（否定句，在（否定句，在am/is/are后加后加not）Are the desks made in China?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首）提至句首）一般过去时一般过去时 was/w
2、ere+doneThe building was built ten years ago.（肯定句）（肯定句）The building wasnt built ten years ago.（否定句，（否定句，在在was/were后加后加not）Was the building built ten years ago?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把was/were提至句首）提至句首）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化考点1时态时态结构结构例子例子一般将来时一般将来时will+be+doneA new school library will be built next year.（肯定句）（肯定句）
3、A new school library wont be built next year.（否定句，在（否定句，在will后加后加not）Will a new school library be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把will提至句首）提至句首）am/is/are going to+be+done A new school library is going to be built next year.（肯定句）（肯定句）A new school library isnt going to be built next year.（否定句，在（否定句，在a
4、m/is/are后加后加not）Is a new school library going to be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首）提至句首）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化考点1时态时态结构结构例子例子含有情态动词含有情态动词情态动词情态动词+be+doneStudents should be allowed to use mobile phones at school.（肯定句）（肯定句）Students shouldnt be allowed to use mobile phones at school.（否定句，在情态动词后
5、加（否定句，在情态动词后加not）Should students be allowed to use mobile phones at school?（一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首）（一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首）1主动语态变被动语态We can borrow at most five books at a time,and we can keep them for ten days.At At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can most five books can be borrowed at a time a
6、nd they can be kept for ten days.be kept for ten days.When we put some waste chemicals into the sea,they can hurt or kill animals and fish.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea,When some waste chemicals are put into the sea,they can hurt or kill animals and fish.they can hurt or kill animal
7、s and fish.2写作中常见的被动语态(1)be过去分词(be可使用各种时态)The The exhibition will be held from 9exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 500 am to 5：00 pm the day after 00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.tomorrow in the art gallery.展览将于后天上午展览将于后天上午9 9时至下午时至下午5 5时在美术馆举行。时在美术馆举行。Nowadays,more and more Eng
8、lish words are being used in the Nowadays,more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.Chinese language.当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。(2)情态动词be过去分词To improve the air quality,the use of private o improve the air quality,the use of private cars should be reduced.cars sh
9、ould be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。As can be seen from the chart,more and more people own mobile As can be seen from the chart,more and more people own mobile phones in China now.phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。(3)get过去分词The entrance to the
10、parking place was too small The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.and often got blocked.通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。Im feeling very sorry to tell you Im feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July,because my left that I
11、have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July,because my left foot got injured.foot got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。划，因为我的左脚受伤了。即时演练句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)1Above all,we must do something to stop pollution.AboveAbove_ _all,all,_ _somethingsomething_ _mustmust_ _b
12、ebe_ _donedone_ _toto_ _stopstop_ _pollutionpollution.2It is true that many things determine our future.It It_ _is is_ _truetrue_ _thatthat_ _ourour_ _futurefuture_ _is is_ _determineddetermined_ _byby_ _manymany_ _things.things.3The boss made him work all day long.HeHe_ _waswas_ _mademade_ _toto_ _
13、workwork_ _allall_ _dayday_ _long.long.4I suggest that you(should)make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.It It_ _is is_ _suggestedsuggested_ _thatthat_ _youyou_ _(should)(should)_ _makemake_ _friendsfriends_ _withwith_ _pepeopleople_ _havinghaving_ _differentdiffere
14、nt_ _characteristicscharacteristics_ _oror_ _backgrounds.backgrounds.自主训练 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct)”(2020全国卷)2The artist was sure he w
15、ould _(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister,the old man laughed.(2020全国卷)3A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.答案：1.is constructed2.be chosen3.had been trapped4During a visit to Boston in 1733,Franklin _(
16、impress)with the citys fire prevention methods.5At university,you will _(teach)by lecturers and professors who are leading figures in their study.6Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.7Shuai jiao _(consider)by some e
17、xperts as the origin of modern throwing sports such as judo.答案：4.was impressed5.be taught6.be made7.is considered8When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that _(reflect)my interest.9More efforts,as reported,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the
18、 supplyside structural reform.10Two years ago,while Cathy _(watch)the Olympics,a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer.答案：8reflected9.will be made10.was watching.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1What little money he did have _(spend)on a record selected with extreme care which became,to his way of th
19、inking,a possession close to his heart.2Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _(send)to ten Hope Schools in South China.3When I _(choose)to take part in the sport,I felt very surprised because I had never done this before.4In the early years of the 1980s,as the reform and o
20、peningup policy _(carry)out,our dream came true.5The sellers shouts could _(hear)every now and then.1was spent句意：他所拥有的一点钱都花在了一张精心挑选的唱片上，在他看来，这张唱片成了他心中的珍品。What引导主语从句，是主句谓语动词spend的动作承受者，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。2was sentas well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式和前面的主语一致。equipment 是不可数名词，且动作发生在过去，equipment和send之间为被动关系，所以用
21、一般过去时的被动语态。3was chosen句意：当我被选中参加这项运动的时候，我感觉很惊讶，因为我以前从没有做过此事。I和choose之间为被动关系，从I felt very surprised可知为过去时态，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。4was carried根据 In the early years of the 1980s可知要用过去时态，而且此处表示被动意义，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。5be heardshouts为hear的动作承受者，此处为被动语态。6For thousands of years,the festival _(mark)by eating zongzi and
22、racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.7Im so sorry,but sometimes the bus can _ (delay)by some problems.8Now college graduates _(encourage)to start their own business,which sounds really good for us.9So the questions must _(deal)with carefully,the same way you would handle any other hot potato.10H
23、e goes to a Buddhist monk for advice and expects to _(tell)how to live a more simple life.6has been marked由时间状语For thousands of years可知，谓语动词要用现在完成时，表示端午节一直以来都以吃粽子和赛龙舟的方式进行庆祝，从空后的by可知，此处为被动语态，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。7be delayedthe bus和delay之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。8are being encouraged句意：现在大学毕业生正在被鼓励自主创业，对我们来说这听起来不错。根据时
24、间状语now可知是正在进行时，“学生”与“鼓励”之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。9be dealt主语questions和动词词组deal with之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。10be told句意：此人到庙里拜见高僧寻求指点，期望被告知如何过更简朴的生活。expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”，因为he和tell之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态。11We are confident that the environment _(improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution.12All the discoverie
25、s in human history have _(make)as a result of curiosity.13When they _(rescue),they told how they had been abandoned by their captain,while he sailed to safety in a lifeboat.14The machine _(equip)with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front,a grey roof and a display
26、window.15Tai chi _(call)“shadow boxing”in English.11will be improved句意：我们相信，通过我们进一步减少污染的努力，环境会有所改善。题干中的are 表明语境是现在时，空格处的动作是将来发生的，且environment 与improve 之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。12been madethe discoveries和动词make之间为动宾关系，空格前的have表明句子用现在完成时，故要用现在完成时的被动语态。13were rescuedthey和动词rescue之间为被动关系，再根据主句时态可知，此处要用一般过去时
27、的被动形式。14is equipped句意：这个机器配备有安全摄像机和警报器，看上去像一家小商店；前面是砖砌的，屋顶是灰色的，还有一扇橱窗。be equipped with意为“配备有”。因为主语The machine是单数，再结合后面的looks like可知，此处要用一般现在时，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。15is called句意：太极在英语中被称为“拳击练习”。主语tai chi与动词call之间为被动关系，且这是一个客观事实，故要用一般现在时的被动语态形式。.语法填空In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular
28、 among Chinese audience.Those programs,ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows,1._(receive)both commercial success and public attention.Their popularity is 2._(main)based on simple facts.First,they care 3._ social concerns.Second,without exception,they explore a perfect balance between
29、the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights,much room 4._(leave)for improvement.Above all,commercial interests often outweigh 5._(education)purposes,causing many complaints about the unbearable advertisements.In addition,some sharp remarks,6._ they are eyecatching,may
30、 have misleading effects on the youth.In 7._(I)opinion,such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8._(entertain)the public.9._ is expected,these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile,the 10._(medium)should also safeguard the values of our soc
31、iety.答案及解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了近年来各种电视节目大受欢迎，作者就才艺展示、相亲节目等电视节目的缺点和发展方向，阐明了自己的观点。1have received由段首的“In recent years”可知，应该用现在完成时态，且主语“Those programs”为复数形式，故填have received。2mainly此处修饰动词短语based on，所以用副词形式，故填mainly。3about根据句意，这里表示他们关心社会问题，care about“关心，在乎”是固定短语，故填about。4is leftroom与leave之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态；且本文
32、的主体时态为一般现在时，故此处应该用一般现在时；又因主语“room”是不可数名词，所以应用动词的第三人称单数形式，故填is left。5educational此处修饰名词“purposes”，所以用形容词形式，故填educational。6though/although“吸引眼球”与“会对青少年产生误导”之间是转折关系，故填though/although。7myin ones opinion“在某人看来”是固定短语，故填my。8entertaining所填词位于介词“of”之后，所以填该动词的动名词形式，故填entertaining。9As分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，放在句首，表
33、达“正如”，只有as有这种用法。注意单词放在句首，首字母需大写，故填As。10media这里的“媒体”，不是指某一种形式，也不是某一家，而是一个泛指概念，指所有的媒体，所以用复数形式。特别注意medium的复数形式为不规则变化，故填media。现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态时态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般式一般式一般现在时一般现在时be(am，is，are)told一般过去时一般过去时be(was，were)told一般将来时一般将来时shall/will be told过去将来时过去将来时should/would be told进行式进行式现在进行时现在进行时be(am，is，are)being told过去进行时过去进行时be(was，were)being told完成式完成式现在完成时现在完成时have/has been told过去完成时过去完成时had been told