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1、时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句状语从句分为：状语从句分为：1 1）由）由when引导，有时译为引导，有时译为“突然突然”，“这时这时”。如。如:I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.Henry is in charge of the office when Mr.Smi
2、th is away.时时 间间 状状 语语 从从 句句2 2）由）由while、as 引导。引导。while指指“在某一段时间里在某一段时间里”，“在在期间期间”，while引导的动作必须是引导的动作必须是持续性持续性的。的。as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时同时发发生，从句常译作生，从句常译作“一边一边一边一边”。如：。如：While he was walking in the street,he met Tim.(While)walking in the street，he met Tim.I like tea while she likes
3、 coffee.He sang as he worked.3 3）由）由before、after 引导。引导。before 译为译为“在在之前之前”，after 译为译为“在在之后之后”。如：如：Be a pupil before you become a teacher.He arrived after the game(had)started.4 4）由）由till、until 引导。引导。till 表示主句动词是表示主句动词是持续性持续性动作，常用肯定式，动作，常用肯定式，表示表示“直到直到为止为止”。until 表示主句动词常为表示主句动词常为瞬间瞬间动作，常用否定式，动作，常用否定式
4、，表示表示“直到直到才才”“”“在在以前不以前不”,”,从句放在句首从句放在句首表示强调。如：表示强调。如：We waited till(until)he came back.She didnt stop studying until eleven oclock.It is not until his mother comes home that he goes to bed.5）由）由since,as soon as 引导。引导。从句在主句之前时一般用逗从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如果从句在主号与主句分开，如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。句之后则不必用标点符号。如：如：It i
5、s(has been)two years since he came here.As soon as she got home,she began to cook.On getting home,she began to cook.7）由）由every time,by the time,the moment 和和immediately引导。引导。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用而要用现在时现在时代替将来时。代替将来时。Every time I travel by boat,I get seasick.Immediately(=As
6、soon as)he climbed to the top of the tree,he found the enemy soldiers had arrived.The moment she heard the news,she burst into tears.By the time he comes,we will already have left.Exercises:1.They walked out of the room _the meeting was over.2._ he arrived,the train had already gone.3.Take the medic
7、ine _you go to bed.as soon asBy the timebefore4.I knew nothing about it _he told me.5.It is more than five years _we started to learn English.6._ he talked on,he got more and more excited.7.We should strike _the iron is hot.untilsinceAswhile由由where，wherever引导引导:where与与wherever意义基本相意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于
8、同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。书面语。如：如：Where there is a will,there is a way.You are free to go wherever you like.地地 点点 状状 语语 从从 句句1）由）由because引导。引导。because用来回答用来回答why 的问题，的问题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。语气最强，一般放在主句之后。如：如：He didnt go to school because he was ill.He was ill,so he didnt go to school.Being ill,he didnt go to schoo
9、l.原原 因因 状状 语语 从从 句句2）由）由since，as,for引导。引导。since常译成常译成“既然既然”，表示已知的理由或稍加分表示已知的理由或稍加分析即可得出的原因析即可得出的原因,多放句首。多放句首。as表示显而易见的原表示显而易见的原因因多译成多译成“由于或因为由于或因为”。而。而for的语气最弱，为附加的语气最弱，为附加的原因。如：的原因。如：Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.As Jane was the oldest child in her family,she had to look after her y
10、ounger brothers and sisters.He must be ill,for he was absent today.Exercises:1.The teacher must be strict with you _ they want you to make great progress.2._ your father is well again,you no longer have anything to worry about.3.The day breaks,_ the birds are singing.asSincefor目目 的的 状状 语语 从从 句句 由由so
11、 that,in order that引导。目的状语从句中引导。目的状语从句中常用常用情态动词情态动词may(might),can(could),should 等等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间主从句之间不用任何标点符号。如：不用任何标点符号。如：They set out early so that(in order that)they might arrive there in time.They set out early in order to(so as to)arrive there in time.1).由由so that，soth
12、at引引导。导。so that前有逗号为前有逗号为结果状语从句，如：结果状语从句，如：We turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the news.结结 果果 状状 语语 从从 句句2）由）由suchthat引导引导,such后面跟名词后面跟名词,如果名词是单如果名词是单数数,就要用就要用such a/anthat,还可以换用还可以换用sothat，语语 气较强。如：气较强。如：It was such bad weather that they decided to stay at home.It is such an interesting n
13、ovel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.条条 件件 状状 语语 从从 句句1).if If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder,or you wont succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.2).unless=if not We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.We cant wr
14、ite to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.3).as long as There is life as long as there is water and air.You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.方式状语从句方式状语从句 由由as，as if，as though引导。引导。as常译为常译为“按照按照”或或“正如正如”，as if或或as though的意义和用法基本一样的意义和用法基本一样,常译为常译为“好像，仿好像，仿佛佛”。从句中可以。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合
15、事实用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟，也可以用虚拟语气。语气。如如 Draw a cat as I taught you.Lets do as Mrs.Li teaches us.He talks as if he knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.It sounds as though you have a good job.1）由）由though，although引导。引导。though/although意义相同，意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式，多放主句的语化，后者
16、正式，多放主句的前面。前面。如：如：Although(Though)he wasover sixty,(yet)he began to learn French.让让 步步 状状 语语 从从 句句2）由）由even if，even though引导。引导。even if 和和even though的意思为的意思为“即使即使”“纵使纵使”有退一步设想的意味有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。多用于书面语中。如：如：Ill go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.3 3）由）由asas引导的状语从句多引导的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用用于书面语，它比用thought
17、hough或或althoughalthough引导的从句语气引导的从句语气强，更有表现力强，更有表现力,从句常放在从句常放在句首句首，语序，语序部分倒装部分倒装。如：如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.Although/Though he is young,he knows a lot.4 4）由）由wh-ever引导引导 wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。连用。wh-ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句区别引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句区别是：是：去掉该从句如果句子仍然完整去掉该从句如果句子仍然完整,则该从句是状则该从句是状语
18、从句；如果句子不完整了，则该从句是名词性从语从句；如果句子不完整了，则该从句是名词性从句句Whatever happens/may happen,we shall not lose heart.Whoever is going to be the leader of our team doesnt matter.Whatever you do is none of my business.Whatever you do,I dont care.比较状语从句比较状语从句1）由）由asas，not so/asas，the sameas，suchas引导。同级比较肯定句用引导。同级比较肯定句用asa
19、s,否定句可用否定句可用not asas 或或not soas.Mary is as old as my sister.She is the same old as my sister.Jack is not so hardworking as his elder brother.2）由）由than引导引导表示不同程度之比较表示不同程度之比较,如：如：He bought fewer books than I(did).3）由）由the morethe more引引导，意为导，意为“越越越越”，通常，通常的语序为的语序为从句在前，主句在后从句在前，主句在后。如：如：The more you re
20、ad,the better you understand.1.Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_ they are different from your own.A.until B.even if C.unless D.as though2.He found it increasingly difficult to read,_ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and B.for C.but D.or3.He was about halfway through his meal _ a
21、 familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileBBC(where,unless,if,as,suchthat,even though,as if)1.A driver should slow down _ the roads are narrow.2._ you mail the letter now,it wont arrive there today.3._he has time,he will come and see us later.4.Tom made _ great progress _ his head
22、master praised him at the school meeting.5._ his father knew what he had done,the boy was going to be in trouble.6.We will stay a little longer _ it is very late.whereEven thoughIfsuchthatAsunless7.She pretended to laugh loudly _ the story were very funny.8.Poor _ his English was,yet Mr.Li made himself understood in England.9.You should do _your parents ask you to do.as thoughasas