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1、第 04 讲 动词和动词短语（练）一、单项选择 1Tom said,“Many ideas will _ when it comes to snowboarding.”Acrowd in Bcrowd out Cmove in Dmove off【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：汤姆说:“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来。”A.crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头，涌入脑海；B.crowd out 挤出；C.move in 搬进；D.move off 离开。由“Many ideas”可知，句子表示“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来”，空格处是 crowd in，故选 A。2If
2、 everyone can _traffic rules,car accidents and the loss of lives will be reduced.Acover Badmit Crecognise Dobserve【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果每个人都能遵守交通规则，交通事故和生命损失将会减少。A.cover覆盖；B.admit 允许；C.recognise 认识；D.observe 遵守。根据句意及常识可知，交通事故和生命损失会减少的条件是每个人都能遵守交通规则。故选 D 项。3Ive just _ an old friend in the park while
3、 taking a walk with my parents.Acome out Bcome about Ccome across Dcome over【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我刚和父母在公园散步时遇到了一位老朋友。A.come out 出版；B.come about 产生；C.come across 偶遇；D.come over 顺便来访。根据“while taking a walk with my parents.”可知，公园散步时偶然遇到一位老朋友。故选 C。4The wildlife reserve was set up to _ endangered speci
4、es from extinction.Aobsess Bpreserve Cboost Destimate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：建立野生动物保护区是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。A.obsess 着迷；B.preserve 保护；C.boost 提高；D.estimate 估计。根据“The wildlife reserve was set up”可知，野生动物保护区建立的目的是为了保护濒临灭绝的物种。故选 B。5 Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for
5、more food at affordable costs,both to the farmer and to the consumer,but the best ideas _ come.Atend to Bhave yet to Cused to Dcease to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，需要创新的农业实践来支持农民和消费者以可承受的成本获得更多食物的需求，但最好的想法尚未出现。A.tend to 倾向于；B.have yet to 还没有；C.used to用于，过去经常；D.cease to 停止。由句意以及 but 转折可知，此处为 have yet
6、 to come“尚未出现”，满足句意要求。故选 B 项。6Following his late fathers will,he gave up going abroad for further study to _ all businesses as a chief executive officer.Aturn over Bturn in Ctake off Dtake over【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：按照已故父亲的遗愿，他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业。A.turn over 把翻过来；B.turn in 交上；C.take off 起飞；D.tak
7、e over 接管。由“he gave up going abroad for further study”和“all businesses as a chief executive officer”可知，句子表示“他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业”，空格处意为“接管”，故选 D。7The goats which arent native to the park are spreading disease and multiplying rapidly.Now it might be the best time to reduce the animals before th
8、ere are too many to _.Aput to an end Bset in motion Cbring under control Dbring to life【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些非公园本地的山羊正在传播疾病，并迅速繁殖。现在可能是减少动物数量的最佳时机，以免数量过多而无法控制。A.put to an end 结束；B.set in motion 开始，启动；C.bring under control 制服，将置于控制之下；D.bring to life 使苏醒。根据句意及空前的“too many”可知，此处指数量过多而难以控制，故选 C 项。8In c
9、omputing,if you _ a file to a message that you send to someone,you send it with the message.Atie Brelate Cconnect Dattach【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在计算中，如果将文件附加到发送给某人的消息上，则将其与消息一起发送。A.tie 系；B.relate 涉及；C.connect 连接，联系；D.attach 附上。根据句意可知，设空处表示“将文件附加到发送给某人的消息上”，故选 D。9Despite lack of experience,Carla contrib
10、utes just as much as anyone on our team she _ around this office.Agets a load of everything Bloose lips sink ships Clets off steam Dpulls her weight【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管缺乏经验，但 Carla 的贡献与我们团队的任何人一样多，她在这个办公室里做好她分内的事。A.gets a load of everything 打量，估计；B.loose lips sink ships 祸从口出；C.lets off steam宣泄怒火；
11、D.pulls her weight做好分内的事，尽责。根据 Carla contributes just as much as anyone on our team 可知，Carla 在办公室尽职尽责，做好她分内的事，故选 D。10As a group,“night owl”types tend to eat less healthy food and _ more calories overall than early risers.Atake in Btake up Ctake after Dtake over【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个群体，“夜猫子”倾向于吃不太
12、健康的食物，总体上比早起的人摄入更多的卡路里。A.take in 吸收，摄入；B.take up 接受，开始从事；C.take after 与像，追赶；D.take over 掌管。由语意可知，“夜猫子”因为往往喜欢吃不健康的食物，所以他们吃的食物里多数是热量高的，他们摄入的卡路里自然也多些。故选 A 项。11The company has established a good creative team who constantly _ new ideas.Afit in with Bgo on with Ccome up with Dkeep up with【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨
13、析。句意：公司建立了一支优秀的创意团队，不断提出新的想法。A.fit in with适合，与一致；B.go on with 继续；C.come up with 提出；D.keep up with 跟上。根据句意及 new ideas可知，设空处应表示“提出新想法”，故选 C。12University of Nevada has developed and _ a new curriculum to educate students about wildfire science.Aactivated Bpiloted Cweaved Dfled【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：内华达大学
14、开发并试行了一项新课程，以教育学生野火科学。A.activated激活；B.piloted 领航；试行；C.weaved 编织；D.fled 逃离。根据“University of Nevada has developed”可知，这里指新课程开发并试行。故选 B。13Whenever our teacher _ how to use the equipment in lab,we are required to observe his every move very carefully.Ademonstrates Bdescribes Cpredicts Devaluates【答案】A【解析】
15、考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我们的老师在实验室演示如何使用设备时，我们都要仔细观察他的一举一动。A.demonstrates 演示；B.describes 描述；C.predicts 预测；D.evaluates 评价。如何使用设备，需要老师演示一遍。故选 A 项。14One day,when Helen was playing with a doll,Miss Sullivan gave her another doll and spelt d-o-l-l into her hand,trying to make her understand that d-o-l-l _ to both.A
16、assessed Bapplied Caccessed Dannounced【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当海伦在玩洋娃娃时，苏立文小姐给了她另一个洋娃娃，并在她手里拼写“doll”，试图让她明白这两个娃娃都是“doll”的意思。A.assessed 评估；B.applied 适合；应用；C.accessed 访问；存取；D.announced宣布。apply to 适用于，此处表示“doll”这个词适用于这两个娃娃（这两个娃娃都是“doll”的意思）。故选 B。15Many students _ their problems,but they lack the coura
17、ge to overcome them.Aare conscious of Bare embedded in Crent out Ddepend on【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多学生都意识到自己面临的问题，但他们缺乏克服这些问题的勇气。A.are conscious of 意识到；B.are embedded in 嵌入；C.rent out 出租；D.depend on 依靠。根据下文“but they lack the courage to overcome them”可推断，学生能够意识到自己的问题。故选 A。二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 16Born into a f
18、amily with three brothers,David was brought _ to value the sense of sharing.【答案】up 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：大卫出生在一个有三个兄弟的家庭，从小就很重视分享的感觉。根据句意，bring up 意为“抚养，长大”。故填 up。17Rod loves taking _ clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.【答案】apart 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：Rod 喜欢拆钟表。然而，他再也没有把它们装在一起。take apart 拆开，故
19、填 apart。18This government came _ power at the last election.【答案】to#into【解析】考查动词短语。句意：这个政府在最后选举中执政了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要固定短语：come to/into power，表示“执政”的意思。故填 to/into。19Jane has got such a bad temper that her colleagues find it hard to get _ well with her.【答案】along#on 【解析】考查介词。句意：简的脾气很坏，同事们发现很难和她相处好。分析句子结构
20、可知，此处考查固定词组：get on/along well with sb.意为“与某人相处的很好”。故填 along/on。20What about dividing ourselves _ four groups?【答案】into【解析】考查介词。句意：把我们分成四组怎么样？divide into 为固定搭配，意为“把整体分成若干部分”。故答案为 into。21Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick,who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned_.【答
21、案】down【解析】考查动词短语。句意：娜塔莉发布了一个名叫帕特里克的男孩的信息，当他的房子烧毁时，他失去了他收集的棒球卡。分析句意再根据空格前的 burn 可知，此处用动词短语 burn down 表示“烧毁、烧成平地”符合语境。故填 down。22The teacher will have Nancy _(clean)the classroom today.【答案】clean【解析】考查动词。句意：老师今天要让南希打扫教室。分析可知，have 此处是“使，让”之意，所以是使役动词，而使役动词后加动词，需用动词原形。故填 clean。23He stared _ me hopelessly f
22、or a while and said nothing.【答案】at【解析】考查介词。句意：他绝望地盯着我看了一会，一言不发。此处考查动词短语 stare at，意为“凝视”，stare 为不及物动词，应和介词连用后才能接宾语，设空处应填介词 at。故填 at。24Your speech at the meeting is limited _ half an hour.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：你在会上发言的时间仅限于半小时。be limited to，表示“限于范围”,为固定搭配。故填 to。25We do not permit_(smoke)in the office.【答案】s
23、moking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不允许在办公室吸烟。根据所给句子分析可知，此处 smoke 为非谓语动词作 permit 的宾语，根据短语“permit doing(允许做某事)”可知，此处需要使用动名词 smoking 的形式，故填 smoking。26Even the best writers sometimes find themselves_(lose)for words.【答案】lost【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是最好的作家有时也会发现自己陷入词穷。根据所给句子分析可知，此处 lose 为非谓语动词作宾补，固定结构“find sb.+宾补”及 themselve
24、s 与 lose 是被动关系可知，此处需要使用过去分词 lost，故填 lost。27When you are confused _ some words in reading,you can refer_ the dictionary.（用适当的词填空）【答案】about;to【解析】考查短语。句意：当你在阅读中把一些单词搞混时，你可以查字典。短语：be confused about“对感到困惑”；refer to“查阅”，结合句中提示，故填aboutto。28I couldnt very well reject _(assist)the police with their inquirie
25、s.【答案】assisting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不能拒绝协助警方进行调查。所给词 assist，动词，意为“帮助，协助”；此题考查 reject doing sth，意为“拒绝做某事”，reject 后接动名词，作宾语。故填 assisting。29The town was cut _ from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.【答案】off【解析】考查动词短语。句意：由于大雪，这个城镇与外界隔绝了。根据句意，此处表示“隔绝”，应填动词短语 cut off，故填 off。30The fish_(taste)nice.【答案】tast
26、es【解析】考查时态和第三人称单数。句意。鱼味道很好。taste 是感官动词，表示“尝起来”，无被动，且 the fish 指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词，故填 tastes。三、英译汉 31Obviously,many teenagers have difficulty in communicating with their parents.【答案】显然，许多青少年在与父母沟通方面有困难。【解析】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主谓宾的结构，主语是 many teenagers“许多青少年”，have“有”是谓语，difficulty“困难”是宾语，in communicating wit
27、h their parents“在与父母沟通方面”是介词短语作状语，副词 obviously“显然”是副词作状语。故本句可翻译为：显然，许多青少年在与父母沟通方面有困难。32It could even be argued that the Amishs quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment.【答案】可能甚至有人认为，阿米绪人的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在自然环境中，感激自然环境。【解析】考查固定句型、短语和状语从句。句型 It could be argued tha
28、t.译为“可能有人认为”，it 为形式主语，that 引导主语从句；名词短语 the Amishs quality of life 译为“阿米什人的生活质量”；since 译为“因为”，引导原因状语从句；动词短语 live in and appreciate the natural environment 译为“生活在自然环境中，感激自然环境”；结合其他词汇，故译为：可能甚至有人认为，阿米绪人的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在自然环境中，感激自然环境。33We make assessments and references from body language,and according to t
29、hese judgments,we approve of one person and dislike another.【答案】我们通过肢体语言进行评估和参考，根据这些判断，我们赞同一个人而不喜欢另一个人。【解析】考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是 and 连接的 2 个简单句构成的并列句结构。第一个小分句是主谓宾的结构，主语是 We“我们”，谓语是 make“做，进行”，宾语是 assessments and references“评估和参考”，介词短语 from body language“通过肢体语言”做方式状语；第 2 个小分句是并列谓语的主谓宾结构，主语是 we“我们”，谓语是
30、approve of“赞同”，宾语是 one person“一个人”，并列谓语是 dislike“不喜欢”，宾语是 another“另一个人”，介词短语 according to these judgments“根据这些判断”做方式状语。故本句可翻译为：我们通过肢体语言进行评估和参考，根据这些判断，我们赞同一个人而不喜欢另一个人。34To sum up,one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages,so when you think about studying abroad,you should con
31、sider these many factors.【答案】综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是:留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。【解析】考查句型。分析句子可知，这句话是复合句。To sum up“总之，综上所述”是介词短语做状语；one是代词做主语；cannot deny“不能否认”是情态动词+动词原形做谓语；the fact“事实”的名词作宾语；that studying abroad has its disadvantages“出国留学有弊端”是 fact 的同位语从句；so“因此”是连词，引导并列句，表示结果；when you think about studyin
32、g abroad“当你考虑出国留学时”是 when 引导的时间状语从句；you should consider these many factors“你应该考虑这些因素”是 when 引导的时间状语从句对应的主句。故翻译为：综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是:留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。35In other words,if you want to be healthy,you have to cut down on desserts,and cut out sweet drinks altogether.【答案】换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料
33、。【解析】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是条件状语从句，连词是 if；从句是主谓宾的结构，主语是you“你”，谓语是 want“想要”，宾语是动词不定式短语 to be healthy“健康”；主句是 have to cut down on“不得不在减少”和 cut out“切断”2 个动词短语做并列谓语，后面各自跟名词 desserts“甜点”和 sweet drinks“甜饮料”做宾语。In other words“换言之”是介词短语做状语，altogether“完全”是副词做状语。故本句可翻译为：换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。36We couldnt eat i
34、n a restaurant because none of us had any money on us.【答案】我们不能在餐馆吃饭，因为我们都没有带钱。【解析】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是原因状语从句。主句是主谓结构，主语是 we“我们”，couldnt eat 是谓语“不能吃饭”，in a restaurant 是地点状语“在餐厅”；because 是原因状语从句的连词，从句是主谓宾的结构，主语是 none of us“我们中没有一个人”，had 是谓语“有”，宾语是 any money“任何的钱”，on us是地点状语“在我们身上”。故本句可译为：我们不能在餐馆吃饭，因为我们都没
35、有带钱。37Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.【答案】持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和持久变化。【解析】考查时态，动词和短语。分析句子可知，这是一个简单的主谓宾结构，主语 Continued greenhouse gas emissions 翻译为“持续的温室气体排放”；谓语 result in 翻译为“导致”；宾语 further warming and long-lasting chang
36、es to the global climate 翻译为“全球气候进一步变暖和持久变化”。故译为：持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和持久变化。38Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.【答案】每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。【解析】考查名词短语，动词和并列句。“Each year”翻译为“每年”，“millions of people around the world”翻译为“全球数百万人”是主语，谓语动词是“get”（感染），之后是宾语“chole
37、ra”（霍乱），前半句翻译为：全球有数百万人感染霍乱；“and”连接并列句，之后的并列句的主语是“many”（许多），之后是动词短语“die from”（死于），“it”（它）作宾语，结合前文，后半句翻译为：许多人因此丧生。整理语序，故翻译为：每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。39On the first day,I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.【答案】(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。【解析】考查短语和时态。on the first day 表示“在第一天”，根据课文内容，可特指“那达慕大
38、会的第一天”；set off to somewhere 表示“出发去某地”，陈述的是过去的事情，故翻译为：(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。40Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival,just as their ancestors had done for centuries.【答案】布林告诉我说，像他们的祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这一节日。【解析】考查时态，宾语从句、介词短语、动词短语、名词和定语从句
39、。句子谓语 told 为一般过去式，译为“告诉”，后接 that 引导宾语从句，宾语从句中陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，that 不译；介词短语 from near and far 译为“从四面八方，无论远近”；动词短语 attended the festival 译为“参加这个节日”；宾语从句Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival 译为“蒙古人每年都从四面八方赶来参加这个节日”；名词 ancestors 译为“祖先们”；as 引导非限定性定语从句，as 译为“正如，就像”，as 从句为过去完成时，表示动作在 Burin 告知我之前发生，定语从句 just as their ancestors had done for centuries 译为“就像他们的祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样”。结合其他词汇，可翻译为：布林告诉我，就像他们的祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样，蒙古人每年都从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。