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1、第 05 讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(练)一、单项选择 1The medical team _ the injured at present in that hospital.Aare treating Bis treating Care treated Dis treated【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:医疗队目前正在那家医院治疗伤员。分析句子可知,主语 team 是集合名词,在这里表队员,为复数,谓语复数形式,且主语 team 和谓语动词 treat 是主动关系,结合 at present可知,表“正在治疗”,现在进行时。故选 A 项。2Since May,more th
2、an one death from monkey pox infection _ in this area,causing great concern of the local government.Ahas been reported Bhave reported Chas reported Dhave been reported【答案】A【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:自 5 月以来,该地区报告了一例以上的猴痘感染死亡,引起了当地政府的极大关注。根据时间状语 Since May 及句子结构可知,时态应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响。more than one death 与 r
3、eport 是动宾关系,故用被动语态,且主语 more than one death 是单数,助动词用 has,故选 A。3The book_into thirty languages since it came out in 1973 and it is worth_again and again.Ahas been translated;reading Bhad been translated;reading Chas been translated:to be read Dhad been translated;to be read【答案】A【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:这本书自
4、1973 年出版以来已被翻译成 30 种语言,值得一读再读。根据时间状语 since it came out in 1973 可知,用现在完成时。be worth doing sth.值得做某事。故选 A。4-Do you know if he_to play basketball with us?-I think he will come if he_free tomorrow.Acomes;is Bcomes;will come Cwill come;is Dwill come;will come【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:你知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球吗?如果他明天有空,我
5、想他会来的。分析题意可知,问句中的 if 作“是否”解,引导宾语从句,此处指“会来和我们一起打篮球”,故从句的谓语动词用一般将来时;而答语中的 if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。英语中,在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时时,状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,在其他从句中无此用法,故本题应选 C。5Jack Ma insisted that there_no excellent businessmen if everything went too smoothly and that they _as normal in face of hardship.Awould be:would c
6、arry on Bwould be;carry on Cwere;carried on Dwere;would carry on【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气和陈述语气。句意:马云坚持认为,如果一切都太顺利,就不会有优秀的商人,他坚决主张他们会像往常一样面对困难。分析句意可知,第一空所在句的 insisted 意为“坚持认为”,that 从句中用陈述语气,由 insisted 可知,时态用一般过去时,根据句意可知,第一空处意为“将会有”,因此用 would be;第二空所在句中被省略的 insisted 意为“坚决主张”,其后 that 从句用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,should
7、 可省略,因此第二空用 carry on,故选 B。6I feel it is you as well as your wife that _ for your sons bad performance at school.Aare to blame Bare going to be blamed Care to be blamed Dis to be blamed【答案】A【解析】考查强调句中的主谓一致和主表被用法。句意:你儿子在学校成绩不好,我觉得你和你妻子都应该受到责备。as well as 连接两个并列主语,谓语动词要和前一主语保持一致,因此 be 动词用 are;动词 blame不用
8、被动语态,常用 be to blame 主动式表被动意义。故选 A 项。7In the future,we _ in smart homes with automatic control of everything for us.Awill be living Bwere to live Care about to live Dshould live【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:在未来,我们将生活在为我们自动控制一切的智能家居中。由 In the future 可知,本句是对将来的表述,由句意可知,此处表示将来某时开始并继续下去的动作,应用将来进行时,A项符合,B.were to live
9、 表示过去将要居住;C.are about to live 表示即将居住,be about to do 表示即将发生的动作,D.should live 表示应该居住,均不符合句意,故选 A。8Dont contact me at this time tomorrow,for I _ a meeting.Aam having Bwas having Cwill be having Dhave had【答案】C【解析】考查将来进行时。句意:明天这个时候别联系,因为到时候我正开会。四个选项对应时态分别为:A.am having 现在进行时;B.was having 过去进行时;C.will be h
10、aving 将来进行时;D.have had 现在完成时。由时间状语 at this time tomorrow 可知,此处时态应为将来进行时,表示“我”明天这个时候正在开会,强调“将来某一时间动作将正在进展”。故选 C 项。9Your health _ constant track of by artificial intelligence in the future.Awill be keeping Bwill be kept Cis keeping Dwill have kept【答案】B【解析】考查时态语态。句意:在未来,你的健康状况将被人工智能持续跟踪。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合后
11、文 in the future 可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故选 B。10Half an hour from now,the cinema will be full.Everyone _ the film.Awatches Bwill be watched Cwill be watching Dwould watch【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:从现在起半个小时后,电影院将座无虚席。每个人都将观看这部电影。根据句意可知,从现在起半个小时后,每个人将正在看这部电影,所以此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时 will be doing,且主语 Everyone 和动词 watch
12、(观看)是主动关系,应选 C,A.watches 是一般现在时;B.will be watched 是将来时的被动;D.would watch 是过去将来时,故选 C。11I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday.I _,but I have some important business to deal with.Aplan to go Bplanned to go Chave planned Dplanned to【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和不定式的省略。句意:我听说你要去大连度假。我本来打算去的,但我有一些重要的事情要处
13、理。根据句意可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,排除 AC 项;前面出现过的动词,下文再次出现时,省去动词不定式中的动词,只保留不定式符号 to。故选 D 项。12It _ my teacher who suggested that I _ to work out what major I would like to choose.Ais;had started Bwas;start Cis;start Dwas;had started【答案】B【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:是我的老师建议我开始考虑我想选什么专业。主句为强调句型 It is/was+强调部分+th
14、at/who+其它部分,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。动词 suggest 作为“建议”之意,后接宾语从句,从句用 should+动词原形的虚拟语气,should 可以省略。故选 B。13By the time the famous pianist turns thirty,he _ the piano for more than twenty years.Awill have been playing Bwill play Chas been playing Dplays【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:到这位著名钢琴家三十岁的时候,他就已经弹钢琴二十多年了。根据时间状语“By the tim
15、e the famous pianist turns thirty”可知,此处表示从现在到将来的某个时间段内一直在做某事,没有停止过,所以用将来完成进行时。故选 A。14He took up the post of general manager,little knowing how this appointment _ his life.Ahas changed Bchanged Cwould change Dchange【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他就任总经理一职,却不知道这一任命将如何改变他的生活。A.has changed已经改变;B.changed 改变了;C.would
16、change 将会改变;D.change 改变。由前文的 little knowing 以及语意可知,他对这一任命将会带来什么改变并不了解,再结合前文使用了一般过去时可知,此处应用过去将来时。故选 C 项。15As the finished product was not correctly priced,it _ well.Awasnt sold Bdidnt sell Cwouldnt be sold Dcant sell【答案】B【解析】考查时态语态。句意:由于成品定价不合理,所以卖得不好。此处 sell 为不及物动词,表示事物内在的品质和属性,用主动形式表示被动意义。根据句中时态可知,
17、陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故选B。16Hardly _ out of the house_ it began to rain.AI had got,when Bhad I got,when CI have got,as Dhave I got,as【答案】B【解析】考查时态及倒装。句意:我刚走出屋子,天就开始下雨了。hardly.when.刚就,表示一件事紧接着一件事发生。when 引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。hardly 置于句首时,助动词 had 要放在主句的主语前。故选 B。17Not only the students but also the teach
18、er _ a great interest in playing football.Ashow Bshows Cto show Dshowing【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅学生们而且老师都对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。not only.but also 连接两个成分作主语,遵循就近原则,其后谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致。teacher 为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选 B 项。18_ visitors who were trapped on the hill after the heavy rain _ unknown yet.AA number of;were BA num
19、ber of;was CThe number of;were DThe number of;was【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配和主谓一致。句意:大雨后被困在山上的游客人数尚不清楚。a number of 意为“许多,大量”后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数;the number of 意为“的数量”,后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数。分析句子可知本句表示“困在山上的游客人数”用 The number of 符合题意,系动词用第三人称单数 was。故选 D。19Mr.Johnson,our teacher and friend,_ invited to attend the meeting,_
20、he would deliver a speech to the students.Awas;which Bwere;that Cwere;where Dwas;where【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意:我们的老师和朋友约翰逊先生被邀请参加会议,在会上他将向学生们发表演讲。第一个空处要填谓语动词,主语 Mr.Johnson 表单数,所以谓语动词也要用单数形式 was invited;第二空处是非限制性定语从句,先行词 meeting 是地点名词,从句中不缺少主语和宾语,所以用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故选 D。20Up to now,more than one high
21、-rise building _ around our city,making it bigger.Ahave been built Bare being built Chas been built Dis being built【答案】C【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,我们城市周围已经建造了不止一座高层建筑,使其变得更大。根据时间状语 up to now 可知,句子使用现在完成时,build 与主语 building 之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,且“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式,即 has been built。故选
22、 C 项。21Can you get me the novels?Of course.All but one of them _ in our company the other day.Apublished Bwas published Cwere published Dhad been published【答案】C【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:你能给我拿小说吗?当然。几天前,除了一本外,所有的书都在我们公司出版了。结合时间状语 the other day 可知,一般过去时,主语 All 和谓语动词 publish是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语 All 复数,谓语复数形式。
23、故选 C 项。22English was invented by people,not computers,and it_ the creativity of the human race.Ais reflected Bhad reflected Creflects Dwas reflected【答案】C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:英语是人类发明的,而不是计算机,它反映了人类的创造力。主语it 指代 English,是单数,主动语态,讲述客观事实,谓语动词 reflect 用一般现在时的单数形式。故选 C 项。23This is one of the most popular novel
24、s _ by the writer.Awhich have been written Bthat have been written Cwhich has been written Dthat has been written【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句及从句中的主谓一致。句意:这是这位作家写的最受欢迎的小说之一。分析句子结构可知空处应填定语从句部分,先行词为 novels,且先行词前有最高级修饰,关系代词只能用 that,关系代词在定语从句中做主语时从句谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致,先行词 novels 为复数,所以从句谓语动词应用复数形式。故选 B。24There _ some g
25、ood advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.Aare Bis Chave Dhas【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:网上有一些关于如何减少空气污染的好建议。there be 句型的主谓一致符合就近原则,句中的 advice 为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,同时描述的是现在的客观事实,故应该是用一般现在时。故选 B。25A total of 35 Chinese universities _ among the worlds 500 best in a ranking released by Chinas Shang
26、hai Jiao Tong University on Monday.Aranked Brank Cranks Dranking【答案】B【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国上海交通大学周一发布的排名中,共有 35 所中国大学跻身世界 500 强。分析句子结构可知,rank 一词在句子中作为谓语动词使用,a total of(总共)修饰可数名词复数时,其谓语动词使用复数形式,并且这个排名结果描述的是“现阶段”的一般性事实,使用一般现在时。故选 B。26 On the wall_a noticeboard that says,“Please keep a two-meter distance
27、from each other when you are lining up for the nucleic-acid test”.Ahangs Bis hanged Changing Dis hung【答案】A【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:墙上挂着一个布告栏,上面写着:“核酸检测排队时,请大家保持 2米距离。”本句是完全倒装结构,空处为主句谓语动词,结合语境和 says 可知,此处强调现在的状态,应用一般现在时的主动语态,主语 a noticeboard 为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式。故选 A。27Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijin
28、g.Aarrive Barrives Carrived Dwill arrive【答案】B【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:贝蒂到达北京后会给我打电话。主句为一般将来时,when 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态表将来。时间状语从句中的主语为 she,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。28Steam engines _to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.Aare used Bused Chave been
29、 used Dwere used【答案】D【解析】考查时态、语态。句意:蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的,有烟雾和噪音,对乘客来说一定是相当不舒服的。陈述过去的动作用一般过去时态;设空处为谓语动词,主语 Steam engines 为复数,与动词 use 之间为动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且助动词为 were。故选 D 项。29I feel excited to talk with our teacher about sports!So do I.Not only we students but also our teacher _ fond of watching basketball matc
30、hes.Ais Bhad been Chave been Dwere【答案】A【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:能和老师谈论体育,我感到很兴奋!我也是。不仅我们学生喜欢看篮球比赛,我们老师也喜欢看。not only.but also.连接并列的主语时,其后的谓语动词的单复数根据就近原则来确定,也就是根据“our teacher”来定,“our teacher”是单数,排除 C 和 D,根据语境可知,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,因此空格处用 is,故选 A。30More than one robot _ been tested out in the trial recently.Ahad
31、 Bhave Chaving Dhas【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:最近,不止一个机器人在试验中进行了测试。“more than one+单数名词”用作主语时,其谓语通常用单数。根据句意“最近”可知,此题应用现在完成时。故选 D 项。二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 31In the past year,he _(share)a flat with others and trying to save money to open his own business.【答案】has been sharing【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的一年里,他一直在和别人共用一套公寓,并试图
32、通过省钱来开自己的生意。根据 In the past year 可知句子用现在完成进行时态,主语是 he,谓语用第三人称,故答案为 has been sharing。32The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _(be)used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该公司有大约 20 台笔记本电脑,但只有三分之一的电脑经常使用。现在我们有 60 人整天工作。notebook computers 是可数名
33、词复数,它的三分之一也是复数,结合语境和上文 had 判断为一般过去时态,故填 were。33So far,we _(replace)the old machine with a computer.【答案】have replaced【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,我们已经用电脑取代了那台旧机器。根据句子的状语“so far(到目前为止)”可知,句子用现在完成时态,再由主语是 we 可知这儿要用助动词 have。故填 have replaced。34The last thirty years _(see)the greatest number of laws stopping ou
34、r rights and progress.Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.【答案】have seen【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意:过去三十年见证了最大数量的阻止我们权利和进步的法律。直到今天,我们已经到了一个几乎没有任何权利的阶段。The last/past+一段时间做主语时,谓语动词用完成时,主语是 The last thirty years,所以助动词用复数形式 have。故答案为 have seen。35Recent years_(witness)a great imp
35、rovement in the relations between the two countries.【答案】has witnessed【解析】考查动词时态。句意:近年来,两国关系有了很大的改善。根据主语 Recent years 可知,此处用现在完成时;当主语是“一段时间”时,谓语动词用单数。故填 has witnessed。36The CN Tower is short for the Canadas National Tower,which _(locate)in the heart of Toronto.【答案】is located【解析】考查动词语态。句意:CN 塔是加拿大国家塔的
36、简称,它位于多伦多市中心。分析句子可知,which引导定语从句,修饰 the Canadas National Tower,是单数,与 locate 是被动关系,描述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填 is located。37He_(do)his homework when the power was out.【答案】was doing【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他正在做作业,这时停电了。“was/were doing+when+一般过去时”意为“正在做某事这时”,为固定句式,此处应用过去进行时。主语 he 为第三人称单数,应用 was。故填 was doing。37On 4 October 19
37、57,the Sputnik 1 satellite _(launch)by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.【答案】was launched【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:1957 年 10 月 4 日,苏联发射了斯普特尼克 1 号卫星,成功地绕地球轨道运行。由“On 4 October 1957”可知,句子时态用一般过去时,主语 the Sputnik 1 satellite 和谓语动词 launch 是被动关系,结合 by 可知,因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态,主语“the Sputnik 1 satellite”是
38、单数,因此空格处是 was launched,故填 was launched。38It is reported that you _(negotiate)with the factory at present.【答案】are negotiating【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:据报道,你们目前正在与工厂进行谈判。结合句中 at present“目前”可知,句中的动作表示现阶段正在发生,所以时态用现在进行时;句子主语 you 为第二人称,所以空白处填 are negotiating,故填 are negotiating。39E-mail _(play)an important role in o
39、ur communication in the past decades.【答案】has played#has been playing【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几十年里,电子邮件在我们的交流中扮演了重要的角色。根据时间状语“in the past decades”可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,也可用现在完成进行时,表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,还有可能继续下去,主语 E-mail 是名词单数,助动词用 has,故填 has played/has been playing。41To see one thing _(be)better than t
40、o hear a hundred times.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:看一件事胜过听一百遍。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是不定式“To see one thing”,谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是 is,故填 is。42A 19-meter sperm whale _(rescue)from the shores of Xiangshan county in Ningbo,Zhejiang province,on April 20.【答案】was rescued【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:4 月 20 日,一条 19 米长的抹香鲸在浙江省宁波市
41、象山县海岸获救。根据句中时间状语 on April 20 可知,用一般过去时。主语 A 19-meter sperm whale 与 rescue 之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,且主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填 was rescued。43This poem as well as the stories _(intend)for new generation but they are not well received.【答案】is intended【解析】考查固定搭配、时态和主谓一致。句意:这首诗和这些故事都是为新一代准备的,但它们并不受欢迎。分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词的形式,
42、be intended for 意为“打算为所用”,固定搭配,依据句意及句中的 are not well received 可知此处属于客观陈述,应用一般现在时,as well as 意为“和;以及;”连接两个并列成分作主语时,其谓语动词应该和 as well as 前面的主语保持一致,即就远原则,The poem 为单数,所以谓语动词应用一般现在时的单数形式。故填 is intended。44The concert held at the Friendship Theatre was _ by a famous _ from China.(conduct)【答案】conducted cond
43、uctor【解析】考查语态及名词。句意:在友谊剧院举行的音乐会是由来自中国著名的指挥家指挥的。第一空考察被动语态,主语 concert 音乐会与动词 conduct 指挥之间存在被动关系,故使用其过去分词形式 conducted。根据句意,第二空指著名的指挥家,conductor 意为“指挥家,领导者”。故第一空填入 conducted,第二空填入 conductor。45Praise acts as an _to the young,and therefore they should be _ instead of being scolded,otherwise they would be
44、_(encourage)【答案】encouragement encouraged discouraged【解析】考查名词及语态。句意:表扬充当着对年轻人的鼓励,因此他们应该被鼓励而不是被惩罚,否则他们将丧失信心。第一空冠词后介词前应使用名词 encouragement 意为“鼓励”。第二空考查被动语态,应使用过去分词 encouraged。第三空表达与被鼓励相反之意,故用使用 encourage 的否定和被动形式discouraged。故第一空填入 encouragement,第二空填入 encouraged,第三空填入 discouraged。46 As we all know,fresh
45、air is _ to our health and the new park_ us all,so we should keep it clean.(benefit)【答案】beneficial benefits【解析】考查形容词及动词。句意:众所周知,新鲜的空气对我们的身体有益,并且新公园有利于我们所有的人,所以我们要保持它。be beneficial to sb.为固定搭配,意为“对某人有利”,beneficial 在句中作表语。分析句子结构可知,第二空应作为并列句,主语 the new park 为单数,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数。故第一空填入 beneficial,第二空填入 ben
46、efits。47Its the first time that I _(take)a train to Paris.【答案】have taken【解析】考查时态。句意:这是我第一次坐火车去巴黎。固定句式:Its the first time that 意为“是某人第一次干某事的时候”,可知句子使用现在完成时,主语是 I,助动词用 have。故答案为 have taken。48Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates _(admit)into universities next year.【答案】will
47、 be admitted【解析】考查动词。句意:明年更多的高中毕业生将被大学录取的消息已经被提出来了。根据句意可知,此处动词用一般将来时态的被动语态,graduates 和 admit 为被动关系。故填 will be admitted。49The book _(translate)into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.【答案】has been translated【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:自从这本书 1973 年上市以来,已经被翻译成了 30 种语言。根据 since可知,主句用现在完成时态,且主语 the b
48、ook 和谓语动词 translate 之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动,主语是单数,故填 has been translated。50The new type of robot came onto the market in 2006 and a great number of robots _(sell)ever since.【答案】have been sold【解析】考查时态。句意:新型机器人于 2006 年上市,自此之后,大量机器人已经被售出了。根据 ever since可知句子用现在完成时态,句中 robots 和 sell 之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,主语 a great number of robots 是复数概念,助动词用 have。故答案为 have been told。