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1、动词动词-语态语态中考专项复习 语态是动词一种表现形式，语态是动词一种表现形式，说明主谓之间的关系。分为主动说明主谓之间的关系。分为主动语态和被动语态。语态和被动语态。被动语态0102基本形式考点基本形式主语+be done(一一)被动语态的结构被动语态的结构构成例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are过去分词Englishisspokenbymostpeopleintheworld.(世界上大多数人说英语。)一般过去时的被动语态was/were过去分词Iwastoldtocomeearly.(我被告知要早来。)一般将来时的被动语态 will/shall+be+过去分词Thebridgewi
2、llbefinishedintwoweeks.(这座桥两周后竣工。)现在完成时的被动语态have/hasbeendoneTheworkhasbeenfinished.(工作已经做完了。)含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词be过去分词Lotsofstarscanbeseenintheskyatnight.(晚上在天空中会看到很多星星。)(二二)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(三三)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：ThewatchismadeinChina.(这块手表是在中国制造的。)2没有必要指出动作的执行者。如：Well，asfarasIknow，tea
3、plantsaregrownonthesidesofthemountains.(嗯，据我所知，茶树生长在山的两侧。)3需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如：Yourworkmustbefinishedtoday.(你的工作必须今天完成。)4句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：TheteaispackedandsenttomanydifferentcountriesandplacesaroundChina.(茶叶被包装好，送往许多不同的国家和中国各个地方。)(四四)主动结构表被动意义的情况主动结构表被动意义的情况1open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，watch，cut，burn，
4、drive等词作不及物动词时，当它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表被动意义。如：Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.(这种钢笔写起来很流畅。)2look，sound，taste，smell等感官动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：Lightmusicsoundsverysoft.(轻音乐听起来很柔和。)3beworthdoing用主动形式表被动意义。如：Thisbookisworthreading.(这本书值得读一读。)4want/need/requiredoing相当于want/need/requiretobedone。tobedone为不定式的被动结构。如：Mybike
5、needsrepairing.Mybikeneedstoberepaired.(我的自行车需要修理。)5在too.to.结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theplaneistoohightosee.(飞机飞得太高了，都看不见了。)6形容词easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，nice，dangerous，exciting，funny,heavy,important，good，interesting等后面接不定式作状语时，往往用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thistextiseasytounderstand.(这篇课文容易理解。)7动词不定式作定
6、语时，若它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theyhavealotofworktodo.(他们有很多工作要做。)考 点考点时态+被动语态情态动词+被动语态省略to的不定式的被动不用被动考点(1)Asweallknow,it_totakephotosinthemuseum.A.doesntallowB.isntallowedC.hasntallowedD.wasntallowed考点(2)Manyhouses_bytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerehomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.wereda
7、magingD.aredamaged考点(3)NowadaysChinese_bymoreandmorepeople,whichmakesChineseculturepopularintheworld.A.speakB.speaksC.wasspokenD.isspoken考点Allthefoodshouldbeeatenup.情态动词+被动语态情态动词+be done考点“起来”类“变得”类“发生”类“保持”类特征状态不用 被动考点“起来”类looksmellfeeltastesoundThe milk tastes very cold.考点The weather gets hotter.“
8、变得”类get,turn,become,go,grow考点happentake place“发生”类An accident happened on this road last night.考点remainstay“保持”类keepThe matter will keep until morning.考点特征状态01sellopenclose0203The shop opens at nine oclock.考点省略to的不定式的被动I heard Lily sing in the room.Lily was heard sing in the room.to考点be heard to dob
9、e seen to dobe made to do(1)ChineseNewYear_thespringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.A.iscalledB.wascalledC.callsD.Called(2)She_togiveatalkabouthowtosavewateryesterday.A.inviteB.invitedC.isinvitedD.wasinvited(3)Lightbulbs_byThomasEdisonmorethanonehundredyearsago.A.inventB.inventedC.areinventingD.wer
10、einvented玩转考点玩转考点1Tocelebratethe100thbirthdayoftheCommunistPartyofChina，aspeechcompetition_inourschoollastweek.AholdBheldCisheldDwasheld2Rainbows_whensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.AproduceBproducedCareproducedDwereproduced3Didyounoticethestudents_afewwhyquestionsinMr.Zhangsclass?Yes
11、，Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.AareaskedBmustbeaskedChavebeenaskedDwereaskedDDC4Thesegifts_bychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.AmadeBweremadeCmakeDaremade5TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Today，he_bypeopleofallages.AwillloveBwaslovedCislovedDwillbeloved6Thismathprobl
12、em_inhalfanhour.Dontworry.Mr.Wangisgoodatmath.Hecanmakeit.AisworkingoutBwouldworkoutCshouldbeworkedoutDhasworkedout7The2022AsianGames_inHangzhou.AholdBheldCwillbeheldDhaveheldCCCB8ThemandidagreatjobinfightingCOVID-19.He_onTVandbecomesveryknown.AinterviewedBhasinterviewedCwasinterviewedDwillbeinterviewed9TheshopinWandaSquare_forsixyears，butI_theresofar.Ahasopened；haventgoneBhasbeenopen；haventbeenChasbeenopen；haventgoneDhasbeenopened；haventbeenBC【答题方法】在解答动词的语态类试题时，首先需要根据时间状语来判断出时态；对于没有明确的时间状语的试题，则要根据语境理解并结合常识进行判断。其次根据被动语态的基本结构，动作的承受者(动作的对象，多是名词)在空前、实施者在空后(有时会省略)判断出用被动语态，直接选择即可。