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1、专题十 动词语态被动语态1.被动语态的概念与用法2.被动语态的各种时态3.被动语态的类型4.被动语态的句型5.主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤6.不可以用被动语态的时态7.被动语态和系表结构的区别8.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况9.主动语态表示为被动含义的用法1.定义：定义：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。2.形式：形式：英语有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice):表示主语是动作的表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。eg:He opened the door.他打开了门。被动语态(the Passive Voice):表示主语是动作的表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。eg:T
2、he door was opened by him.这扇门被他打开了.考点一考点一 基本概念与用法基本概念与用法3.用法用法:不明确动作的执行者不明确动作的执行者eg：This bike is made in China.这辆自行车是中国制造的。没必要指出动作的执行者是谁。没必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。强调或突出动作的承受者。强调或突出动作的承受者。eg:English is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说英语句子的主语是
3、动作的承受者。句子的主语是动作的承受者。eg:Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.许多房屋被地震摧毁了。考点一考点一 基本概念与用法基本概念与用法结构结构例句例句一般现在时：一般现在时：主语主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词He is regarded as a brilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。一般过去时：一般过去时：主语主语+was/were+过去分词过去分词Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校在我们的学校在1998年建造。年建造。一般将来时：一般将来时：主语主语+sha
4、ll/will+be+过去分词过去分词The work will be finished in three hours.工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。现在进行时：现在进行时：主语主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。过去进行时：过去进行时：主语主语+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词The machine was being painted then.那时那台机器正在上油漆。那时那台机器正在上油漆。考点二考点二 被动语态的
5、各种时态被动语态的各种时态 结构结构例句例句现在完成时：现在完成时：主语主语+has/have+been+过去分词过去分词The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。银行已经建成了。过去完成时：过去完成时：主语主语+had+been+过去分词过去分词He said the factory had been opened.他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。过过去去将将来来时时：主主语语+should/would+be+过去分词过去分词Ann told me she would be sent to America.安告诉我她将被派往美国。安告诉我她将被派往美国。含含
6、有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态：主主语语+情情态态动词动词+be+过去分词过去分词The baby must be looked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。考点二考点二 被动语态的各种时态被动语态的各种时态 考点三考点三 被动语态的类型被动语态的类型1.“1.“主主+谓谓+宾宾”句型句型主动句：主语+谓语+宾语被动句：主语+be+过去分词+by+原主语（宾格）eg：They built a new apartment building last year.（主动）A new apartment building was built by the
7、m last year.（被动）2.“2.“主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾宾”句型句型主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语被动句：主语（原间接宾语）+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语（宾格）egeg：He gave me a new book.A new book was given to me by him.3.3.“主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补”句型句型主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语被动句：主语+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语（宾格）eg:We heard Jim playing the piano in his room.Jim was heard playing the
8、piano(by us)in his room.考点三考点三 被动语态的类型被动语态的类型4.4.含有短语动词的句式的转换含有短语动词的句式的转换主动句：主语+不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语被动句：主语+be+过去分词+介词/副词+by+原主语（宾格）eg：Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.5.5.祈使句的转换祈使句的转换肯定式：Let+宾语+be+过去分词否定式：Dont+let+宾语+be+过去分词eg:Keep the book on the desk.Let the book on
9、the desk.Dont let the book on the desk.考点四考点四 被动语态的句型被动语态的句型被动语态：被动语态：由“助动词助动词+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态变化只改变只改变bebe的形式的形式，过去分词部分不变，疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。肯定句肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by+宾格）eg:Shoes are made by them.否定句否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+（by+宾格）eg:Shoes aren t made by them.一般疑一般疑问句问句 Be+主语+过去分词+（by+宾格）？eg：-Was Tom
10、asked to clean the room？-Yes，he was.-No，he wasnt.特殊疑特殊疑问句问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by+宾格）？eg：Why was the bridge destroyed by the government？考点五考点五 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare made 1.找找宾语-即即动作的承受者作的承受者2.判断判断宾语的的单复数复数-即即be动词的的单复数复数.3.判断判断动词的的时态-即即be动词的的时态.4.修改修改谓语的的时
11、态-即原句即原句动词改改为过去分去分词5.修改原句的主修改原句的主语-即即by+主主语.by them in that factory.考点六考点六 不可以用被动语态的时态不可以用被动语态的时态完成进行时与将来进行时一般没有被动语态，如果需要用这两种时态表达被动语态完成进行时与将来进行时一般没有被动语态，如果需要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用的意思，则可以用完成时态完成时态或者或者一般时态一般时态。1.1.完成进行时变成被动语态时，需要用完成时表示。完成进行时变成被动语态时，需要用完成时表示。主动句：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时被动句：现在完成时现在完成时eg:The builder
12、s have been building this skyscraper for two months.This skyscraper has been built for two months.主动句：将来完成进行时将来完成进行时被动句：将来完成时将来完成时eg：We will have been using this book for four years by next May.This book will have been used for four years by next May.考点六考点六 不可以用被动语态的时态不可以用被动语态的时态完成进行时与将来进行时一般没有被动语态，
13、如果需要用这两种时态表达被动语态完成进行时与将来进行时一般没有被动语态，如果需要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用的意思，则可以用完成时态完成时态或者或者一般时态一般时态。2.2.将来进行时变成被动语态时，需要用一般时表示。将来进行时变成被动语态时，需要用一般时表示。主动句：将来进行时将来进行时被动句：一般将来时一般将来时eg:You will be doing the experiment here at this time next Monday.The experiment will be done here at this time next Monday.考点七考点七 被动语态
14、和系表结构的区别被动语态和系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构都由“be+过去分词过去分词”构成。1.被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作以主语为承受者的动作，系表结构表示主语的特点或状态主语的特点或状态。eg：The shop is closed at six oclock in the afternoon.(表动作）被动语态The shop is closed today.(表状态）系表结构2.被动语态可以用于进行时，而系表结构多用于一般现在时或一般过去时。eg：The bridge is being painted.这座桥正在被油漆.The bridge is painted.这座桥已经油漆完了
15、.3.被动语态可以由介词by引出动作的执行者，而系表结构可以跟其他的介词eg：I was interested by the story.被动语态I was interested in the story.系表结构考点八考点八 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况1.系动词,不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态,如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,break out,appear,last,start 等。eg：That bicycle doesnt belon
16、g to Tony.那辆自行车不属于托尼。2.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时不能用作被动语态的主语；eg：They enjoy playing basketball in the evening.他们喜欢晚上打篮球.3.反身代词或each other不能作被动语态的主语。eg：They help each other.他们互相帮助。4.当宾语表示数量，重量，大小或者程度时。eg：The jade weighs two ton.这块玉石重两吨。1.feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。eg：The scarf feels soft.这条围巾摸上
17、去很软。2.有些动词，如sell,cut,drive,wash,clean,write,open,lock等，作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。eg：Books of Harry Potter sell well.（表被动含义）哈利波特系列的书很畅销。3.sth.need/want/require doing=sth.need/want/require to be done(不定式的被动结构)。eg:The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.这个手表需要维修。4.be worth doing(值得做)中的doing表示
18、被动含义。eg:The movie is worth watching by everyone.这部电影值得所有人看一看。考点九考点九 主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 一 用适当的形式填空 1 History is _ by the people.(make)2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher.(ask)3 The book _ by him last year.(write)4 The radio _ last week.(mend)5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring.(plant)6 A
19、 new subway _(build)next year.7 She _(take)to the hospital already.8 Thousands of satellites _(send)up into the space so far.9 They said they _(invite)to the party already.10 The trains _(produce)in Zhuzhou.11 Young trees should _(water)often.练一练madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be
20、 builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered练一练1.Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper.A.choose B.chose C.was chosen D.were chosen 2.As usual,Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.A.has woken up B.woke up C.wakes up D.was woken up 3.A neighb
21、our helped to keep our dog.It while we were on holiday.A.was taken care B.took care ofC.is taken care of D.was taken care ofDDD4.At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not.A.gave B.had given C.was given D.was giving 5.Mr.Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.A.laughed at B.was laughed C.laughed D.was laughed at BD