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1、UnitlSectionATime-Conscious AmericansDetailed study of the Text1. Americans believe no one stands still.(Para. 1)Meaning:Americans believe no one keeps motionless;everyone moves.一Here “stand“ means “keep or stay in a particular position or state.In this sense, “stand“ is followed by adjectives.More
2、examples:The room stands idle .这房间闲置着。Stand firm-donlet them tell you what to do.要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画 脚。They stand opposed to the new law.他们反对这项新法律。2. you are falling behind. (Para. 1) fall behind : move more slowly than other people so that one is behind them, fall behind in science在科学方面落后fall behind one
3、,s competitors 落后于竞争对手。The student has been working hard for fear that he shuold fall behind .这个学生 一直很努力， 唯恐落后。3. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching .experimenting and exploring. (Para. 1)Meaning:This way of thinking and doing things causes Americans to devote their
4、 time and ennergy to researching , experimenting and exploring.result in : make something happen: causeActing before thinking always results in failure.做事不事先考虑总会导致失败。The accident resulted in the death of two people.这场事故造成两人死亡。 compare:result from:be caused by something that has happened previouslyNo
5、thing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。The childs illness resulted from eating unclean food.孩子生病是由于吃了不干 净的事物。4. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully ,the other being labor. (Para. 1)Meaning:Americans use two things with great care(or:Americans never waste two things ):
6、One is time and the other is labor.一Notice here we have a special type of adverbial clause : the other being laborn.The structure is:subject-V-ing(or:V-ed).This type of clause can also be put at the beginning of the whole sentence.No further discussions arising ,the meeting was brought to an end.没有作
7、进一步讨 论，会议就结束了。Lunch finished ,all the guests returned to the sitting room.吃完午饭，所有客人都回 到了起居室。5. We are slaves to nothing but the clock(Para.2)人的生命是有限的，而其对生命的热情是无限的。be finite/one s passion for life/be infiniteOne s life is finite whereas one s passion for life is infinite.29. Unless a certain amount o
8、f time is allowed to elapse jt seems in their eyes as if the task beingconsidered were insignificant ,not worthy of proper respect.(Para.8)Meaning:If they don,t spend some time dealing with a certain task ,it will give the impression ,in their opinion ,that the task being considered is or not proper
9、ly respected. elapse: vz.(of time) passFive days elapsed ,and the patients condition had no improvement.五天过去了， 但病人情况 不见好转。Four years have elapsed since he left college and now hes teaching at a local middle school.他大学毕业已四年，现在在当地一所中学教书。 in ones eyes:in the opinion or judgment of someoneEven in the ey
10、es of the professionals ,he did a good job .即使在专业人士看来， 他做得也很 出色。The expert is always right in the eyes of ordinary people.在普通人的心目中,专 家总是对的。Unlessseems in ones eyes (to ones mind)as if如果小,某人就觉得好似 是如果没为孩子提供力所能及的一切,中国父母就觉得好似对孩子照顾不够。 provide everything for sb./within one s power/not enough for sb.Unless
11、 they provide everything within their power for their child ,it seems in the eyes of Chinese parents as if they did not care enough for him/her.3(). Assignments are consequently ,given added weight by the passage of time. (Para.8)Meaning:As a result,people think that assignments are gaining addition
12、al importance with the passing of time.,The word “weight“ here is used as an uncountable noun metaphorically to mean “importance”.More examples:an idea of great weight 一个很重要的观点Dont worry about what he thinks;his opinion doesnt carry much weight .另ij担忧他 怎么想，他的 意见没有多少影响。31. In the US ,however ,it is t
13、aken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve aproblem ,or fulfill a job successfully ,with speed. (Para.8)Meaning:In the US ,however ,if you can solve a problem or do a job quickly ,you will be considered a person having skills or ability. take as:regard asI will take the remark as a p
14、raise.我觉得这话是一种表扬。She took the failure as the start for the coming success.她把这次失败看作今后成 功的起点。 competent:.(of people)having the necessary ability ,skill .knowledge ,etc.He is competent for the task.他能胜任这项任务。If you want to learn English well ,you must first find a competent teacher. 如要学 好英语，你首先得找一位称职的老师
15、。be taken as the sign of被视为的标志现如今,玩不转人际关系被视为是无能的标志。one s failure to sth . /handle interpersonal relation well/be incompetentNowadays,one s failure to handle interpersonal relations well will be taken as a sign of being incompetent. fulfill: v/.(BrE fulfil)do what one must do fulfill a duty履行责任I will
16、 fulfill my obligation to the best of my ability.我将尽我所能履行义务。1) achieve something one wanted to doHe fulfilled his dream when he became a writer.他成为了作家，实现了 自己的梦 想。They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours.同我们一样，他们也提前 完成了任 务。 with speed:fast;quicklyWhen we are traveling with speed ,the pa
17、ssing countryside just seems a blur.当我 们开车高速旅行时，沿途经过的乡村显得一片模糊。32. Usually ,the more important a task is ,the more capital ,energy ,and attention will be pouredinto it in order to “get it moving”. (Para.8)Meaning:Usually ,if a job is more important ,people will put in more money ,efforl ,and attentio
18、n in order lo get it done. pour into:give a lot of effort ,money ,etc. to somethingA lot of money/capital has been poured into the project.这个项目已经投入 f 大 量资金。She poured all her time and energy into her work .她把所有的时间和精力都投 入到了工作 中。Hope Project希望工程Meaning:We are under the control of time only and nothing
19、 else,or we are only dominated by time slave to sth: a person who is being completely influenced or dominated by somethinga slave to drink 酒鬼a slave to money金钱的奴隶nothing butionlyHe,s nothing but a criminal.他只不过是个罪犯。He did nothing but complain.他只是抱怨，别的什么都不干。6. Wc budget it ,save it ,waste it ,steal i
20、t ,kill it ,cut it faccount for it ;we also charge for it. (Para.2)Meaning:We plan how to spend it ,save it ,waste it ,spend it more efficiently ,find ways lo pass it quickly ,reduce il .explain how we use il ;we also money for il. f In this sentencetime” is used metaphorically as something of real
21、value. budget:eplan carefully how much of something will be neededShe has made so many commitments that she has to budget her time very carefully. 她答应下 来的事太多，因而不得不精心安排自己的时间。By the time he learned to budget his resources , it was too late.到他学会理财时， 已经太迟 了。vz.plan the spending of money carefullyShe bud
22、geted for buying a new car.她为买新汽车而计划节省开支。The government has budgeted for two bridges in the city.政府计划在该城市建造 两座桥，并 为此制定了预算。n. C the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on something a family/weeks budget 家庭/每周预算It is important to balance this years budget.重要的是要平衡今年的预算开支。 kill it (=ki
23、ll time):make time pass quickly by finding something to do.We killed time by playing cards.我彳门用打纸牌来消磨时间。He drove to the club to kill a couple of hours.他驾车去俱乐部消磨了 几个小 时。 account for:1 )explan the cause of something 解释原因Jenny had to account to her husband for every penny she spent.珍妮得向丈夫说 明每一分是 怎样花的。T
24、he man charged with the crime couldnt acount for the fact that the money was found in his house.被告无法解释在他家里找到钱这个事实。2)make up a particular amount or part of something 占据的比例North sea oil accounts for a high proportion of British trade earnings.北海石油 占 英国贸易 收入的很大一部分。Paying rent accounts for half of my ex
25、penditures.我的开销中租金占了 一半。Girls account for half of the class.女生占了 我们班一半人数 charge: v. ask somebody for amount of money for a service How much do you charge for washing a car?彳尔们洗一部车要收多少钱？ We charge $200 a night for a single room.单人房每晚收费 200 美元。7. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness
26、of each lifetime. (Para.2) Meaning:Many people have a very strong feeling that life is short.-*Notice the use of “sense“ in the following examples:a sense of humor/duty/direclion 幽默感/责任感/方向感acute 1. (of feelings or the senses) fine; sharp (指感觉或感官)深刻的，敏感的，尖锐的Dogs have an acute sense of smell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。
27、2. severe, very great 严重的There is an acute shortage of water in this region. 这个地区严重缺水.8. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass,thcy cannot be replaced. (Para.2)一Nolice that the whole sentence is a metaphor,which means:Once time has passed ,it will not return. run out:l)(of food ,money ,
28、ctc.)thcrc is none leftTheir supplies soon ran out .他们的补给很快就耗尽了。Time is running out.时间快到了(或：时间不多了。)My pocket is running out quickly.2)use all of something and not have any leftIm afraid weve run out of gas.我们的汽油恐怕已用完了。Pm running out of patience.我快没耐心了。 replace:vAput something back where it was befor
29、e Replace the caps on the bottles.把瓶盖盖好。 Replace the book on the shelf.把书放回到书架上。1) take the place ofGeorge has replaced Edward as the personnel manager.乔治接替爱德华担任人 事部经理。2) change some person or object for another ,often better ,newer ,etc.Well have to replace those old computers with new ones.我们必须用新电
30、脑替 换那些旧电脑。9. We want every minute to count. (Para.2)Meaning:We want every minute to be put inlo good use(since il is precious).1().everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. (Para.3)Meaning: , -everyone is doing things in a hurry, because they are often under pressure to do so. in a rush:in a hurry
31、Donl be in such a i*ush;youve only just now arrived .别这么急，你才刚刚到。Why is she always in a rush?为什么她总是匆匆忙忙的?王进喜生前常说，井没压力不出油；人没压力轻飘飘。during ones lifetime/under no pressure/produce oil/under no stress/grow light-headedDuring his life time ,Wang Jinxi used to say ,“A well ,under no pressure ,does not produ
32、ce oil,while a man binder no stress ,grow light-headedrestlessly seeking altention in a slore ,or elbowing others(Para.3)Meaning: ,impatiently trying to get service in a store , or pushing others out of the way by their elbows*restless:。.unable to keep still because one is nervous ,bored ,or impatie
33、nt.The passengers grew restless after waiting for half a 了半个小时，变得不耐烦起来。With a month after he returned home ,Billy had been restless,thinking about getting on theroad again.回家一个月后，比利坐立不安，又想着上路外出了。 restlesslyin a restless manner;impatientlyThe manager paced the Hoor of his office restlessly with so ma
34、ny problems on his mind.心头压着许多问题，经理在办公室里不安地走来走去。The man repeatedly looked at his watch while walking up and down restlessly in the room.那人一边不耐烦地在屋子里走来走去，一边一遍又一遍地看手表。 el bow :v. push others out of the way using elbowsShe elbowed her way through the crowd.她从人群中挤 了 过去。The old brands have been elbowed o
35、ut of the home market.老品牌已经被挤出 了 国内市场。11. Racing through daytime meals (-日三旬 is part of the pace皿心门ife) in thiscountry.(Para.3)Meaning:Eating their meals hurriedly during the day is part of Americas fast pace of life. race th rough: do something in a hurryThe child raced through转播的足球赛，那孩子匆匆做完了作业。12.
36、 Dont take it personally. (Para.3)MeaningzDon let it upset you(because they treat everybody this way;or because they are not doing this to you in particular). take, , personally:feel that a failure or unpleasant situation is your fault and be upset about itYou mustnt take her negative comments of yo
37、ur plan personally.你不应该把她 对你计划的批评当做对你个人的攻击。不得当地，不得体地：beyond a certain appropriate pointMany new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call :商业曲谈)(Para.4)Meaning:Many newcomers to the United States will be sad to find that there is no polile small lalks at the beginning
38、 of a business call opening:a.first;beginning;starting the opening words 开场 白They returned to take part in the seasons opening game.彳也们回来参力口本赛季首 场比赛。n.1) CJ the beginning or first part of somethingThe opening of a book/film 书/电影的开头(部分)2) C an occasion when a new building ,road , etc. is used for the
39、 first time ,esp. one thatinvolves a ceremonyThree hundred people swarmed at the front door for the stores grand opening .有 300人聚集在商店前门庆祝商店的盛大开业。3) Cl a position that is available in a business or firmThere were a few openings at the company , so he applied .那家公司有几个空缺 职位，所以 他申请了。He inquired at the f
40、ront desk about openings in the marketing department.他在接 待处询问营 销部空缺职位的情况。13. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that maybe a convention in their own country. (Para.4)Meaning:They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges(wilh the pe
41、rson who invited them)that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee.These exchanges may be a common practice on similar occasions in their own country. go with:exist or take place at the same time with something elseRights always goes with obligations.权利总是伴随着义务。Crime does not always goes with povert
42、y.贫穷并不总是伴随着犯罪。 convention:几C,U general,usu . unspoken agreement about how people should act or behave incertain situationsIt is a convention惯例。It was a convention for people to wear black to a funeral.穿黑色衣服参加葬礼 是一种习俗。1) C a meeting of members of a profession ,political party ,etc.Conventions are usu
43、ally held in large cilies.会议通常在大城市里举行。Hotels try to attract conventions because they bring a lot of business.宾馆设法承 办各种会议，因为会议可以带来大量生意。14. They may miss leisurely business chats,(Para.4) leisurely:。.without hurryThey enjoyed a leisurely lunch at a restaurant.他们在餐馆里享受了一顿悠闲的 午餐。I had a leisurely glass
44、of beer.我慢悠悠地品 了一杯啤酒。-*In English, -ly can be added to some nouns to form adjectives.Words of similar structureinclude:fricndly ,brotherly ,fatherly ,etc.15. Normally ,Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk4,(Para.4)Meaning:Usually Americans do n
45、ot judge or evaluate their visitors in relaxed places(such as restaurants or coffee houses)during long,light conversations assess:v/.judge the quality,importance,or worth of somebody or somethingHes so lazy that its difficult to assess his ability.他懒得很，所以很难评估他的 能力。Its too early to assess the effects
46、 of the new law.要评价新法令的效果现在为时 过早。 small talk:light conversation on unimportant or non-serious subjects,much less do they take them out for dinner,or around on the golf course, (Para.4)Meaning:is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to play golf一Note that te phrase “m
47、uch less“ is often used after a negative statement ,to indicate that thestatement is more true of the person ,thing ,or situation that you are going to mention . The old man can hardly walk ,much less run .这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑 了。They are always short of water to drink ,much less to take a bath .他们连饮用水也总
48、 是不够，更 别提洗澡了。golf course:an area of grass which is designed for people to play golf onSince we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially ,we start talkingbusiness very quickly. (Para.4)Meaning:Since in most cases we evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of from a social one,we start talking business very quickly(and there is no need lo spend lime on small talk and ihe like). p