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1、我们毕业啦其实是答辩的标题地方Taiyuan University of Technology软件工程专业英语计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院SOFTWAREENGINEERINGESSENTIALS2023/2/92Chapter1Chapter1 MobileComputersMobileComputersChapter2Chapter2 SoftwareReengineeringSoftwareReengineeringChapter3Chapter3MainMemoryDatabaseMainMemoryDatabaseChapter4Chapter4 NetworkingandSecu
2、rityNetworkingandSecurityChapter5Chapter5 ArtificialIntelligenceArtificialIntelligenceChapter6Chapter6 BigDataBigDataChapter7Chapter7 MobileInternetMobileInternetChapter8Chapter8InternetofThingsInternetofThings2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院2023/2/932023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1 DEFINITION OF INT
3、ERNET OF THINGS8.2 TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNET OF THINGS8.3 APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET OF THINGSTERMSCHAPTER 8 INTERNET OF THINGS2023/2/94COMPETENCIESCOMPETENCIESAfter reading this chapter,you should be able to:1.Describe the Internet of Things(IoT)accurately.2.Talk about the development of the Internet
4、of Things from different perspectives.3.Discuss some problems exiting today about Internet of Things.4.Explain the definition of wireless sensor network(WSN),and describe the characteristics of wireless sensor network.2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院2023/2/95COMPETENCIESCOMPETENCIESAfter reading this
5、chapter,you should be able to:5.Explain the definition of embedded system(ES),and describe the characteristics of embedded system.6.Explain what RFID is,and describe the applications of RFID.7.Discuss other technologies concerned in the Internet of Things.8.List several types of intelligent home and
6、 describe their functions.2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院2023/2/962023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院l in this chapter,we will:present an overview of the Internet of Things:definition,types,features and frameworkdescribe some popular technologies concerned in the Internet of Things:wireless sensor network
7、(WSN),embedded system,RFID,etc.discuss the applications of Internet of Thingslist several types of intelligent home and introduce the functions2023/2/972023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1 Definition of Internet of Things8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings8.1.2CommonDefinitionofInternetofThings8.
8、1.3DevelopmentofInternetofThings2023/2/988.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThingsl Internet of Things The phrase“Internet of Things”(IoT)was coined about 15years ago by the founders of the original MIT Auto-ID Center,with special mention to Kevin Ashton in 1
9、999 and David L.Brock in 2001.l Auto-ID The term“Auto-ID”refers to any broad class of identification technologies used in industry to automate,reduce errors,and increase efficiency.2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院2023/2/99l identification technologies bar codes smart cards sensors voice recognition bi
10、o-metrics 2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings2023/2/9102023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThingsl EPC(electronic product code)Executive Symposium took p
11、lace in Chicago,in September 2003 the climax of the Auto-ID Center reputation occurred marked the official launch of the EPC Network deemed that RFID would become a key enabling technology for economic growth in the next fifty yearsl EPC Network an open technology infrastructure allowing computers t
12、o automatically identify man-made objects and track them as they flow from the plant to distribution center to store shelves2023/2/9112023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThings8.1.1OriginoftheConceptofInternetofThingsThe phrase“Internet of Things”points out a vision of t
13、he machines of the future:In the nineteenth century:machines learned to doIn the twentieth century:machines learned to thinkIn the twenty-first century:machine learned to perceive-they actually sense and respond2023/2/9122023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.2CommonDefinitionofInternetofThings8.1.2Commo
14、nDefinitionofInternetofThingsThe term Internet of Things appears to have been coined by a member of the RFID development community circa 2000,who referred to the possibility of discovering information about a tagged object by browsing an Internet address or database entry that corresponds to a parti
15、cular RFID.Common definition:refers to the general idea of things,especially everyday objects,which are readable,recognizable,locatable,addressable,and/or controllable via the Internet-whether via RFID,wireless LAN,wide-area network,or other means.2023/2/9132023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.2CommonD
16、efinitionofInternetofThings8.1.2CommonDefinitionofInternetofThingsAnalysts commonly describe two distinct modes of communication in the Internet of Things:12023/2/9142023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.2CommonDefinitionofInternetofThings8.1.2CommonDefinitionofInternetofThings2Machine-to-machine commun
17、ication is a subset of thing-to-thing communication;but machine-to-machine communication often exists within large-scale IT systems and so encompasses things that may not qualify as“everyday objects”.2023/2/9158.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings 2023/2/9太原理工大学.
18、计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院Today,there are roughly 1.5 billion internet-enabled PCs and over 1 billion Internet-enabled cell phones.The present“Internet of PCs”will move towards an“Internet of Things”in which 50 to 100 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2020.In the same year,the number of mobi
19、le machine sessions will be 30 times higher than that of mobile person sessions.If we consider not only machine-to-machine communication but communications among all kinds of objects,then the potential number of objects to be connected to the Internet will arise to 100,000 billion.2023/2/9162023/2/9
20、太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings lResearch perspectivedevelop new technologies such as RFID and wireless sensor networksthe first Internet of Things conference:in Zurich in 2008leading researchers and practitioners together to facilitat
21、e sharing of applications,research results and knowledgethe second:in Tokyo at the end of 2010around the theme“IoT for a Green Planet”,explored the technical requirements and business challenges8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings todays societal challenges with
22、 IoT technology:health monitoring systems to support the aging societydistributed awareness to help predict natural disasters and react more appropriately track and trace to help reduce traffic congestionproduct life time information to improve recyclabilitytransparency of transportation to reduce c
23、arbon footprintmore insights into various kinds of processes to improve optimization2023/2/9182023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院Another research perspective for the Internet of Things is given by Hewlett-Packard which has launched a ten-year mission,a Central Nervous System for the Earth,to embed up to
24、a trillion pushpin-size sensors around the globe.In China,researches in the field of Internet of Things are regarded as essential to foster economic growth and catch up with the developed countries.Since 2006,several research institutes have been involved in a far-reaching project with strong suppor
25、t from Chinese government.8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings 2023/2/9192023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院lIndustry perspectivein 1998the first industrial realization of the Internet of Things,in the sense of RFID tags embedded in objects,was actually the Presto ne
26、tworkin 2005Wak-Mart and the U.S.Department of Defence demanded that their major contractors and suppliers mark their shipments with RFID tags for inventory control.8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings 2023/2/9202023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.3Developmentofth
27、eInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings lIndustry perspectivein 2008An open group of companies launched the IPO Alliance to promote the use of Internet protocol(IP)in networks of“smart objects”.The IPSO Alliance now boasts 53 member companies:2023/2/921太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.3Devel
28、opmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings lIndustry perspectiveFurthermore,as the Internet is running out of addresses,in the last few years,it has been moving to a new protocol,IPv6.The new address space can support 128(about 3.4*1038)addresses,which means,to take a commonly
29、used analogy,that it provides enough addresses for every grain of sand on every beach in the world!2023/2/922太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings lGovernment perspectiveSeveral countries have recognized the importance of the Internet of Thi
30、ngs for economic growth and sustainability in the future.the European Commissionlaunched public consultations and stimulated widely open discussions on RFID and the Internet of Things,especially on critical policy issues such as governance,privacy,and resilience/security2023/2/923太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软
31、件学院8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings lGovernment perspective Chinacommissioned a series of studies that emphasized the strategic importance of Internet of Things for U.S.relative wealth and economic power the U.S.a number of significant public speeches were d
32、elivered about the Internet of Thingsa interesting equation:Internet+Internet of Things=Wisdom of the Earth2023/2/924太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings8.1.3DevelopmentoftheInternetofThings l technologies of the Internet of Things:(according to SRI Consulting Business Intelli
33、gence)2023/2/925太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院2023/2/9262023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院1.List several identification technologies which are used in industry to reduce errors and increase efficiency.2.Describe the common definition of the Internet of Things.3.Describe the two distinct modes of communication i
34、n the Internet of Things.4.Talk about the development of the Internet of Things from different perspectives.CONCEPTS2023/2/9272023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2 TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNET OF THINGS8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.2EmbeddedSystem8.2.3RFID8.2.4OtherTechnologies2023/2/9288.2.1WirelessSensorN
35、etwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork2023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院1.Definition of wireless sensor networkl we will introduce the WSN from three aspects:2.Characteristics3.Standards and specifications2023/2/929太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院A wireless sensor network(WSN)consists of spatially distributed autonomou
36、s sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions,such as temperature,sound,pressure,etc,and to cooperatively pass teir data through the network to a main location.early application:battlefield surveillance-military applications today:industrial process monitoring and control machine health
37、monitoring8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkindustry and consumer applications1.Definition of wireless sensor network2023/2/9302023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkThe WSN is built of“nodes”-from a few to several hundreds or even thousan
38、ds,where each node is connected to one or several sensors.Each such sensor network node has typically several parts:a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antennaa microcontrolleran electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensorsan energy source,usually a batte
39、ry or an embedded form of energy harvesting2023/2/9312023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkl About sensor node:Size:form a shoebox down to a grain of dust,although functioning “motes”of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be createdCost:from a few t
40、o hundreds of dollars,depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodesSmart sensor nodes are low power devices equipped with one or more sensors,a processor,memory,a power supply,a radio,and an actuator.2023/2/9322023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNe
41、tworkThe topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple star network to an advanced multi-hop wireless mesh network.Typical multi-hop wireless sensor network architecture2023/2/9332023/2/9太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkThe main characteristics of a WSN include
42、:Power consumption constrains for nodes using batteries or energy harvesting Ability to cope with node failuresMobility of nodesCommunication failuresHeterogeneity of nodesScalability to large scale of deploymentAbility to withstand harsh environment conditionsEase of use2.Characteristics2023/2/934太
43、原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkA WSNs resource constraints include:a limited amount of energyshort communication rangelow bandwidthlimited processing and storage in each nodeA WSNs design constraints are:application dependentbased on the monitored environmen
44、t2023/2/935太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork3.Standards and specificationsThere are a number of standardization bodies in the field of WSNs.The IEEE focuses on the physical and MAC layers;The Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)works on three or more layers.
45、Bodies such as International Society of Automation provide vertical solutions,covering all protocol layers.There are also several non-standard,proprietary mechanisms and specifications.2023/2/936太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetworkPredominant standards commonly
46、used in WSN communications include:(1)Wireless HART Wireless HART is a wireless sensor networking technology based on the highway addressable remote transducer protocol(HART).Developed as a multi-vendor,interoperable wireless standard,Wireless HART was defined for the requirements of process field d
47、evice networks.2023/2/937太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork(2)IEEE 1451 IEEE 1451 is a set of smart transducer interface standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)and Instrumentation and Measurement Societys Sensor Techn
48、ology Technical Committee describing a set of open,common,network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers(sensors or actuators)to microprocessors,instrumentation systems,and control/field networks.2023/2/938太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNe
49、twork(3)IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks(LR-WPANs).(4)ZigBee ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small,low-power digital radios based on an
50、IEEE 802 standard for personal area networks.ZigBee devices are often used in mesh network form to transmit data over longer distances,passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.2023/2/939太原理工大学.计算机科学与技术学院.软件学院8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork8.2.1WirelessSensorNetwork(5)6LoWPAN 6