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1、20202020 届杭州养正学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析届杭州养正学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分4 40 0 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项A AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator,known for developing the
2、 hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at anagriculture school.In the 1960s,when a serious food shortage sweptChina,Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how toincrease the yields of rice.He then began a lifelong conne
3、ction with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the worlds first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973,which could reach ayield of over 500 kg per mu(about 0.067 hectares),rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu.For thenext four decades,he continued to work on research and development o
4、f hybrid rice,achieving increasinglyhigher outputs.In 2020,hybrid rice developed by Yuans team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growingseasons,a new world record.InChina,where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people,the planting area of hybrid ricehas reached 16 millio
5、n hectares,or 57%of the total planting area of rice,helping feed an extra 80 million peoplea year.Hybridricehasalsobeengrowninover40countries,includingtheU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam,thePhilippinesandMadagascar.The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even afte
6、r a great success,Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs.In 2017,his teamstarted to grow seawater rice inQingdao.The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive evenafter being completely in seawater.His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could
7、 be planted in6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the countrys rice harvest by about 20%.In 2018,Yuans team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai,which achievedhuge success.In June 2020,his team started to grow seawater ri
8、ce on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters innorthwestChinasQinghaiProvince.The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams to“enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men”and that hybrid rice couldbe grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1.What made Yuan Longping deci
9、de to study rice?A.A serious food shortage.B.Agriculture development.C.His interest in the rice experiment.D.His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2.From the passage,we know that Yuan Longping _.A.developed a variety of hybrid riceB.worked as a scientist after graduationC.started to grow s
10、eawater rice inDubaiin 2017D.grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533.We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longpings most outstanding qualities are_.A.modest and outgoingB.honest and creativeC.generous and optimisticD.responsible and devotedBSelf-esteem is an abstract concept,w
11、hich refers to peoples beliefs about their own worth and value.American psychologist Abraham Maslow thought self-esteem was a basic human need and included self-esteem inhis hierarchy of human needs.He described two different forms of“esteem”:the need for respect from others inthe form of recognitio
12、n,success,and admiration,and the need for self-respect in the form of self-love,self-confidence,and skill.Respect from others was believed to be more fragile and easily lost than innerself-esteem.According to Maslow,without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need,individuals will be driven toseek it
13、 and unable to grow and obtain self-realization.Basically,high self-esteem is achieved through a series of real accomplishments,which is good for people.However,the excessive high self-esteem,based more on a sense of entitlement than on any accomplishment,isconsidered to be less psychologically heal
14、thy.And just as self-esteem can be too high,it can also be“under-inflated”.Those having poor self-esteem do have a basis for feeling good about themselves but they maynot recognize their accomplishments and actions as meaningful.To appreciate what it would be like to have high self-esteem,one can co
15、nsider how they may feel aboutthings in their lives that they value.For instance,some people really like cars.They take good care of their cars.They may even decorate the car and then show it off to other people with pride.Similarly,people with highself-esteem love,care for and feel proud of themsel
16、ves.Take children for example.When they have highself-esteem,they believe they are valuable and important.They enjoy different activities and can handle criticismeasily without taking it personally.People need to develop positive self-esteem.This can convince them they deserve happiness.Besides,thed
17、evelopment of positive self-esteem increases the capacity to treat other people with respect,thus favoring avariety of interpersonal relationships and avoiding destructive ones.4.What can we infer from Abraham Maslows theory about self-esteem?A.Self-esteem ensures us a successful life.B.Self-esteem
18、is essential to self-realization.C.Self-esteem means little to psychological health.D.Others respect is more important than self-respect.5.What does the underlined word“under-inflated”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Adequate.B.Insufficient.C.Moderate.D.Lifelong.6.How does the author explain the feelings of ha
19、ving high self-esteem?A.By giving examples.B.By analyzing causes.C.By providing figures.D.By making contrasts.7.Which of the following does the author support?A.Self-esteem ultimately leads to happiness.B.Self-esteem earns you respect from others.C.Positive self-esteem benefits peoples social lives.
20、D.Positive self-esteem helps people out of difficulties.CAlthough computer technology is often necessary today,using a pen or pencil activates more areas of yourbrain than a keyboard does.You can potentially remember more by handwriting,according to a new study.The potential benefits of handwriting
21、for memory have been debated for some time.The new study set outto answer one question:How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering newinformation?In all,24 participants took part.Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was alsoasked to type
22、on a keyboard.While performing these tasks,each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes next totheir head.It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors.Those sensors recorded the participantsbrainwaves.The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task.And they s
23、howed thatwriting turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didnt.Audrey van der Meer,the new studys leader,says this suggests that when we write by hand,we rememberbetter.“This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain.The increasedbrain activity giv
24、es the brain more hooks to hang your memories on,”she explains.Van der Meer also points outthat writing by hand is related to visual notetaking.“Rather than typing blindly,the visual notetaker has to thinkabout what is important to write down.Then,key words can be interlinked by boxes,arrows and sma
25、ll drawings,”she adds.This study does not recommend banning digital devices.In fact,its authors point out,computers and otherdevices with keyboards have become necessary in modern society.Keyboarding can especially benefit those withcertain special needs(such as if they have trouble using their hand
26、s)and typing beats writing when it comes tospeed,they add.8.Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?A.To record their brainwavesB.To inform them of their tasksC.To allow them to focus on writingD.To protect their heads like hair nets9.What does Audrey van der Meer try to explain?A.Why
27、handwriting is more complex than typingB.Why the brain works when it comes to learningC.Why handwriting helps remember informationD.Why key words are helpful to visual notetaking10.What is the studys authors view on typing?A.It relieves peoples handsB.It remains vital and helpfulC.It is not worth re
28、commendingD.It is more challenging than writing11.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A.How Can You Remember New Information?B.Handwriting Benefits Health in the LongRunC.Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?D.Handwriting Is Better for Memory Than TypingDWhen I was 9,w
29、e packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived atHeathrow,London on a gray Januarymorning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endlessbluesky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a discovery.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the
30、Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuouscrashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke ourown language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once,whentrying a certain t
31、rick on the beam（横杆）,I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:Safe,man.Safe.A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”And thats what matteredlanding tricks,being a good skater.When I was 15,my fa
32、mily moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there,but the locals were far lesswelcoming.Within a couple of years,Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.Ivetraveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The
33、 day was cold but clear:tourists andLondoners stopped to watch theskaters.Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards,I foundmy way to the beam.Then a railthin teenager,in a baggy white Tshirt,skidded（滑）up to the beam.He satnext to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon
34、I caughta few of his glances.“I was a localhere 20 years ago,”I told him.Then,slowly,he began to nod his head.“Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,”I said.“Safe.”12.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had d
35、isagreements with his family.13.What do the underlined words“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probably mean?A.Be careful!B.Well done!C.No way!D.Dont worry!14.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A.To join the skateboarding.B.To make new friends.C.To learn more tricks.D.To rel
36、ive his childhood days15.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A.Children should learn a second language.B.Sport is necessary for childrens health.C.Children need a sense of belongingD.Seeing the world is a must for children.第二节（共第二节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1 10 0 分）分）阅读下面短
37、文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Why Do We Like Personality Tests?This article will explore reasons why we like taking personality tests.One of the reasons we like to take personality tests is that we want to learn about ourselves._16_,we like personality tests,according to a psychologist.For som
38、e things,like our emotions,we have access toinformation about ourselves that others dont._17_To find out,were better off asking our best friendsthan taking the personality tests.Another simple reason we tend to take personality tests is that we have an inborn need for a sense ofbelonging.A friend of
39、 mine recently described her experience of taking the personality test for the first time whenshe was in high school.As an artist,she felt different from her peers,and she said it was a great comfort to knowthat“there were others out there like me”._18_Finally we want simple ways to understand other
40、 people.After all,relating to other people is hard.If it wereeasy,books and services about navigating relationships of all kinds wouldnt be a multi-million-dollarindustry._19_We then respond to him in a way that allows for smooth social interactions._20_,we store information about them in something
41、called a schema(模式，计划)a mentalrepresentation of what that person,situation,or object is like.Over time,through many experiences,we developa rich set of ideas and expectations about people we perceive(察觉，感觉)to be a certain category.A.This personality type doesnt fit you wellB.When we encounter a pers
42、on,a situation,or an objectC.If we arc familiar with the personality types in these systemsD.Because we hope they will reveal unknown facts about ourselvesE.Feeling understood and normal,perhaps for the first time,is a powerful experienceF.Knowing someones personality type allows us to quickly and e
43、asily understand himG.However,there might be things about ourselves we dont know,like how clever or creative we are第二部分第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分4545 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项I understood Chinese cultures only seen on TV and in
44、 books but I made little headway learningChinese._21_，it did not matter.The patience,generosity and_22_of strangers left me pleasantlysurprised with Beijing.I_23_needed Chinese.On my birthday,for example,I was_24_in the city.Everyone I knew was outof town,so I decided to_25_a day of it myself.I went
45、 shopping.After three happy hours,I went confidentlyup to the_26_and for a minute,I_27_everyone spoke English.But after_28_my items,the woman behind the counter spoke in Chinese,and all I could do wasstare_29_.I thought she was asking cash or card,so I pulled out some notes,but she_30_her head.We st
46、ood there for a few minutes_31_another cashier said,“A couple of your_32_are part of thesale and cannot be exchanged or_33_once bought.”Another day,I went to the police station as I had lost my_34_in a foreignland.During that20minute talk,I realized the eagerness and_35_of people.Speaking in a mix o
47、f Chinese and English,theyoung police officer did all he could to put me_36_.He knew that as foreigners we were nervous at thepolice station,so he smiled and spoke.In the end,the_37_took a couple of hours and the wallet didnot_38_anymore.I had made a friend.There are many_39_and unforgettable memori
48、es of getting by without_40_，but perhapswithout the friends help,Beijing maynot have been so easy to navigate.21.A.LastlyB.ThusC.HoweverD.Instead22.A.warmthB.effortsC.sacrificeD.promise23.A.totallyB.basicallyC.completelyD.rarely24.A.stillB.aloneC.onlyD.even25.A.doB.needC.makeD.cost26.A.counterB.stor
49、eC.exitD.hall27.A.guessedB.recognizedC.assumedD.guaranteed28.A.pursuingB.showing upC.assessingD.ringing up29.A.helplesslyB.poorlyC.quicklyD.patiently30.A.wavedB.shookC.noddedD.hung31.A.afterB.asC.untilD.for32.A.purchasesB.expensesC.suppliesD.parcels33.A.acceptedB.canceledC.brokenD.returned34.A.carB.
50、packC.walletD.key35.A.wisdomB.kindnessC.excitementD.happiness36.A.for sureB.in placeC.in orderD.at ease37.A.incidentB.procedureC.questionD.survey38.A.returnB.stayC.changeD.matter39.A.perseverantB.pleasantC.ambitiousD.innovative40.A.ChineseB.police officersC.cellphoneD.cashiers第二节（共第二节（共 1 10 0 小题；每小