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1、状语从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法三点：表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用 were）IfIhadtime,Iwouldattend the meeting.表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词 Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If I were to go abroad,Iwould go to America.错
2、综时间条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.If you had studied hard before,you would be a collegestudent now.主 语+would（could shouldmight）+动词原型主 语+would（should couldmight）+have+动词的过去分词主 语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词原型从句（
3、条件）主句（目的）含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwiseotherwise，oror，withoutwithout，butbut forfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。1.条件暗含在短语中；2.条件暗含在上下文中；3.虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词 ifif 省去，而将hadhad，shouldshould，werewere 等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1:If she were younger,she,would do it
4、.去 if：Were she younger,she,would do it.2:If you had come earlier,you would have methim.去 if:Had you come earlier,you would have methim 3:If it should rain tomorrow,we would not goclimbing.去 if:Should it rain tomorrow,we would not goclimbing.1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。He treats the boy as if he we
5、re his own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。虚拟语气在as if/asthough 引导的方式状语从句中 He spoke as if he had known about it.3表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用 would(might,could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game.注意：1.在 as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.though 或 as if 引导的状语从句，从句主语
6、和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及 in order that 引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思由“providing（that）根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。/provided（that）/on例：suppose/supposingthatitrained,weconditionshouldnt go out.that/suppose（that）2.也可以用陈述语气。/supposing（that）”例：They are willing to surrender provided they引导的条件从句
7、are given free pardon.谓语动词多用 should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow,we should bring anumbrella.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：game will be put off in case it(should)snow.game will be put off in case it snows.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气拟语气1.1.在动词在动词
8、 wish/hopewish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气拟语气,表示一种不表示一种不可能实现的愿望。可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。I wish(that)I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。I wish(that)I had seen the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。I wish(that)I wouldcould go.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，
9、等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order注意：suggest,i
10、nsist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested(暗示）that he was satisfiedwith our work.The man insisted【坚持认为】that he had never stolen themoney.在 expect，believe，think，suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气Would rather，had谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 I would rather
11、 you told me the truth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原型 rather.than中用动词原型 I would rather do it by myself.Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to the经常用“should+动词原型（或完成形式），表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等情绪。I cannot believe that you shoul
12、d think so.cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或 过 去 分 词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原形或省略 should Its quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that 引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：
13、I dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to thejob since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).在“It is(was)+名词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。Its a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surpr
14、ise，wish，wonder 等。表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名表达形式为 should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。My idea is that we(should)think it over before acceptingit.词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-claus
15、e 句型中从句用(should)+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在在 It is(about/high)time+thatIt is(about/high)time+that 定语从句中的虚拟定语从句中的虚拟语气语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型It is high time that
16、 you went /should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This is the second time that we have achieved such a greatsuccess.If onlyIf only 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气If only 引出感叹句，表示现在的情况,应用过去式;意思是“要是.多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望。表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态表示将来的情况，用 would+动词原形例：If only he
17、 didnt drive so fast!(现在)Look at the terrible situation I am in!if only I hadfollowed your advice(过去)If only the rain would stop.(将来)even if(even though)even if(even though)引导的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气引导的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气表示一种让步语气，即使.也做不成某事。表示现在的情况,应用过去式表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态Even if he were here,he could not solve the probl
18、em.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.Choose the best answer:It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could b.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A.be finished finish C.must be finished _ you more help,even though he was
19、 very busy.A,might have given B.might give have given the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.be B.has been C.should be5.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.had been B.has been C.was D.has gone6.The young man insisted that he _ nothingwrong and _ free.A.did;setB.had done;should besetC.should do;be set D.had done;must be set7.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ allright now.are B.were C.would beD.would have been8.You _ come earlier.The bus left a momentago.A.would B.should have C.mayCAAA ABCB D.have