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1、_ 精品资料第四章 虚拟语气（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件 句中 的用 法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示 于现 在事 实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be 用 were）If I had time,I would attend the meeting.主语+would(should could might)+动词原型表示 与过 去事 实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词If he had hurried,he could have caught the train.主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过
2、去分词表示 与将 来事 实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.主语+would（could should might）+动词原型错综 时间 条件 句主 从句 时间 不一致的 情况 下的 虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice,you would be better now._ 精品资料If you
3、had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。She would have died without my help.。条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if 省去，而将 had，should，were 等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1:If she were younger,she,would do
4、it.去 if：Were she younger,she would do it.2:If you had come earlier,you would have met him.去 if:Had you come earlier,you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.去 if:Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。He treats the boy as if
5、 he were his own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。He spoke as if he had known about it._ 精品资料虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中3表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用 would(might,could)+动词原形He acts as if he could win in the game.注意：1.在 as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though 或 as
6、if 引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在 lest，for fear that，so that及 in order that 引导的目 的状 语从 句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用 should/could/might+动词原型构成For fear that it may rain tomorrow,we should bring an umbrella.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it(should)sno
7、w.2.The game will be put off in case it snows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气_ 精品资料一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词 wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。I wish(that)I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或 would，could，might+现在完成时。I wish(that)I had seen the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might
8、+动词原形”。I wish(that)I wouldcould go.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg 表
9、示“同意，坚持”的：insist 表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order 注意：suggest,insist 不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested(暗示）that he was satisfied with our work._ 精品资料The man insisted【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反I would
10、 rather you told me the truth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原型2.would rather.than 中用动词原型I would rather do it by myself.I would rather watch TV at homethan go to the cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中
11、的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原形或省略 should It s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that 引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：I don t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has _
12、 精品资料no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).在“It is(was)+名 词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It s a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder 等。二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的
13、表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause 句型中从句用(should)+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan._ 精品资料这 类
14、名 词 常 见 的 有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在 It is(about/high)time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型It is high time that you went/should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This
15、is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.选择题1.If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will have D.had had 3.You did not let me
16、 drive.If we _in turn,you _ so tired A.drove;didn t get B.drove;wouldn t get C.were driving;wouldn t get D.had driven;wouldn t have got 4._it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 5.I suggested the person _ to be put into prison A.refers
17、 B.referring C.referred D.refer _ 精品资料6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_ A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 7.I insisted _to see a doctor,but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A.on him to go;should be B.he went;be C.he go;was D.he should to;is 8.-Y
18、our aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than today A.tells B.told C.would tell D.had told 9.-Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes,but I _busy doing my homework A.was B.were C.had been D.would be 10.I was ill that day,otherwise I _ the sports meet A.wo
19、uld have taken part in B.took part in C.had taken part in D.would take part in 11._the clouds,you would find the airplane in the sky easily A.Had it not been for B.If it were not C.If it had not been for D.Were it not for 12.If my lawyer _here last Sunday,he _ me from going A.had been,would have pre
20、vented B.had been,would prevent C.were,prevent D.were,would have prevented 13._hard,he would have passed the exam A.If he were to work B.Had he worked C.Should he work D.Were he to work 14._today,he would get there by Friday A.Were he to leaveB.If he had left C.Did he to leave D.Had he left 15.Had y
21、ou listened to the doctor,you _all right now A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been _ 精品资料16.I did not see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother A.has come B.did come C.come D.had come 17.He _busy yesterday,or he _you with your experiment.A.was,had helped B.was,would h
22、ave helped C.had been,would have helped D.were,would have helped 18.If it _for the snow,we_ the mountain yesterday A.were not,could have climb B.were not,could climb C.had not been,could have climbed D.hadn t been,could climb 19.Without electricity,human life _quite difficult today A.is B.will be C.
23、would have been D.would be 20.-I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A.didn t tell B.don t tell C.hadn t tell D.won t tell 21.Mike s father,as well as his mother,insisted he _home A.stayed B.could stay C.has stayed D.stay 22.It was requested that the play _again A.should
24、put on B.would put on C.be put on D.put on 23.She insisted that a doctor _ immediately A.had sent for B.send C.be sent for D.was sent 24.-Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes,but _it A.I d rather not do B.I d rather not have done C.I should t do D.I d better not do 25.If only I _my car _ 精品资料A
25、.hadn t lost B.wouldn t lose C.didn t lose D.haven t lost 26.But for water,it _impossible to live in the earth A.is B.would C.were D.wouldn t be 27.I would rather you _anything about it for the time being A.do B.didn t do C.don t D.didn t 28.The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as thou
26、gh he _ their own son A.is B.were C.had been D.should be 29.How the old people wish that they _young once more A.were B.could become C.had been D.should be 30.It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problem A.hold B.held C.have held D.had held 31.The thief closed his eyes _ he _dying A.e
27、ven if,was B.though,would be C.even,had been D.as if,were 32.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert A.had not B.did not have had C.hadn t had D.hadn t have 33.The chairman insisted that we _the question again A.will discuss B.to discuss C.shou
28、ld discuss D.will be discussed 34.He requested that the students _them get in crops A.help B.to help C.helped D.helping 35.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules A.obeys B.Obey C.will obey D.would obey 36.I wish I _here then _ 精品资料A.was B.had been C.were D.would be 37.It is strange
29、 that he _back so early A.came B.will come C.had come D.should have come 38.Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TV A.did B.do C.shall do D.have done 39.My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest Sunday A.be put B.put C.should put D.had been put 40.He is talking so much a
30、bout America as if he _ there A.had been B.has been C.was D.been 41.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished 42.-Sorry,Joe.I did not mean to-Don t call me“Joe”,I am Mr.Parker to you,and _ you forget it!A.do B.didn t C.did D
31、.don t 43.I did not attend the lecture by Pro.Jackson.I _ but I _ all this morning A.would,have washed B.could,have been washing C.would have,have been washing D.could have,had washing 44.How I wish I _ to repair the watch!I only made it worse A.had tried B.hadn t tried C.have tried D.didn t try 45.
32、-How could I thank you enough?-Don t mention it.Any other man _it A.must do B.could do C.would have done D.should have done 46.Key European governments insist Iraq s co-operation _ good and military action_ to _ 精品资料allow inspections to continue A.be,be delayed B.is,delay C.should be,be delayed D.is
33、,be delayed 47.If the hurricane had happened during the day-time,_more deaths A.it would have been B.it would be C.there would be D.there would have been 48.What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A.requested,deliver B.demand,be delivered C.request,should delive
34、r D.demand,delivered 49.If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorder A.made unpunished B.came unpunished C.went unpunished D.not punished 50.We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we _late A.would be B.were C.will be D.would have been 51.Supposing he never _,what would happen then A.come B.cam
35、e C.would come D.will come 52.What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meeting A.had put on B.should put on C.have put on D.will put on 53.I hope that you _ right A.will be B.should be C.were D.would be 54.As you know,I am a disabled man,but I would be happy if I _of service to
36、 you A.am B.have been C.should be D.would be 55.He insisted that we _early the next morning A.start B.started C.would start D.had started 56.I did not see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother _ 精品资料A.has come B.did come C.had come D.came 57.We _last night,but we went to
37、the cinema instead A.must have studied B.might study C.would study D.would have studied 58.If it _the snow,we _the Simian Mountain last week A.were not,could have climbed B.were not,could climb C.had not been,could have climbed D.had not been,could climb 答案_ 精品资料1-10 C B D B C C C B A A 11-20 D A B A C D B C D A 21-30 D C C B A C B B A B 31-40 D C C A B B D B A A 41-50 C D C B C D D B C D 51-58 B B A A AC D C _ 精品资料_ 精品资料Welcome To Download!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！