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1、物流英语物流英语(yn y)第一页，共50页。chapter outline(1)Part I Material Handling SystemIntroduction of Material Handling SystemIntroduction of Material Handling SystemTypes of Material Handling SystemsTypes of Material Handling SystemsMechanized Material Handling SystemsMechanized Material Handling SystemsSemi-aut
2、omated Material Handling SystemsSemi-automated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAutomated Storage/Retrieval Systems第1页/共50页第二页，共50页。chapter outline(2)Part II Mechanized Material Handling EquipmentIntrodu
3、ctionIntroductionLift trucksLift trucksWalkie-rider Pallet TrucksWalkie-rider Pallet TrucksTowlinesTowlinesTowtractor with trailersTowtractor with trailersConveyorsConveyorsCarouselsCarousels第2页/共50页第三页，共50页。chapter outline(3)Part III Supplementary Reading Safety in Material HandlingSafety in Materi
4、al HandlingWhat should workers know before handling materialWhat should workers know before handling materialPotential hazards for workersPotential hazards for workersPrecautions should be taken when moving materials Precautions should be taken when moving materials manuallymanuallyPrecautions shoul
5、d be taken when moving materials Precautions should be taken when moving materials mechanicallymechanicallySafety measures regarding conveyorsSafety measures regarding conveyorsSafety Precautions for operating powered industrial Safety Precautions for operating powered industrial truckstrucks第3页/共50
6、页第四页，共50页。Introduction of aterial Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystemsoftenrepresentamajorcapitalinvestmentforanorganization.Likethedecisionsrelatedtothenumber,size,andlocationofwarehouses,materialhandlingcanaffectmanyaspectsofthefirmsoperation.TheMaterialHandlingInstitute,anindustry
7、tradeassociationformanufacturersofmaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystems,hasestimatedthat:Part I Material Handling Systems第4页/共50页第五页，共50页。Thehardwareandsoftwareusedtomove,store,control,contain,andunitizematerialsinfactoriesandwarehousesexceed$50billionannually.Muchofthegrowthinsizeandvarietyofthemark
8、etisfueledbymajorchangesintherequirementsofwarehouseanddistributionoperations(e.g.,reducedordercycletimes,reducedinventorylevels,reducedordersizes,SKUproliferation).第5页/共50页第六页，共50页。Types of Material Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingsystemcanbeclassifiedasmechanized,semi-automated,automated,andinform
9、ation-directed.Acombinationoflaborandhandlingequipmentisutilizedinmechanizedsystemstofacilitatereceiving,processing,and/orshipping.Generally,laborconstitutesahighpercentageofoverallcostinmechanizedhandling.第6页/共50页第七页，共50页。Automatedsystems,incontrast,attempttominimizelaborasmuchaspossiblebysubstitut
10、ingequipmentcapitalinvestment.Whenacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystemsisusedtohandlematerial，thesystemisreferredtoassemi-automated.Aninformation-directedsystemappliescomputerizationtosequencemechanizedhandlingequipmentanddirectworkeffort.Mechanizedhandlingsystemsaremostcommon,buttheuseofsemi-
11、automatedandautomatedsystemsisincreasing.第7页/共50页第八页，共50页。Themaindrawbacktoautomatedhandlingislackofflexibility.Onefactorcontributingtolowlogisticalproductivityisthatinformation-directedhandlinghasnotyettoachieveitsfullpotential.Thissituationispredictedtobedramaticallychangedduringthefirstdecadeofth
12、e21stcentury.Mechanized Material Handling SystemsMechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmenthasbeenthemainstayofthetraditionalwarehousingandwilllikelycontinuetobeimportantevenwiththemovetowardautomatedwarehousing.Mechanizedmaterial 第8页/共50页第九页，共50页。handlingsystemsemployawiderangeofhandlingequipment.Suchequi
13、pmentcanbecategorizedaccordingtothefunctionsperformed,thatis,storageandorderpicking,transportationandsorting,andshipping.Semi-automated Material Handling SystemsMechanizedhandlingisoftensupplementedbysemiautomaticequipment.Typicalequipmentsutilized第9页/共50页第十页，共50页。insemi-automatedhandlingsystemsincl
14、udesautomatedguidedvehiclesystems(AGVS),computerizedsortation,roboticsandvariousformsofliveracks.Automated Material Handling SystemsForseveraldecadestheconceptofautomatedhandlinghasofferedgreatpotential.Initialautomatedhandlingeffortsfocusedonmastercartonorderselectionsystems.Recently,emphasishasshi
15、ftedtoautomatedhigh-risestorageandretrievalsystems.第10页/共50页第十一页，共50页。Theappealofautomationisthatitsubstitutescapitalequipmentforlabor.Inadditiontorequiringlessdirectlabor,anautomatedsystemoperatesfasterandmoreaccuratelythanitsmechanizedcounterpart.Table8-1showsthebenefitsofautomatedmaterialhandling
16、systems.第11页/共50页第十二页，共50页。第12页/共50页第十三页，共50页。However,automatedsystemsarenotwithoutdisadvantages.Itsshortcomingsarethehighcapitalinvestment,maintenancecosts,inflexibilityandusertraining.Automated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAnautomatedstorage/retrievalsystemforpalletsiscommonlyreferredtoasaunitloadAS/R
17、S.第13页/共50页第十四页，共50页。ItisdefinedbytheAS/RSproductsectionoftheMaterialHandlingInstituteasastoragesystemthatusesfixed-pathstorageandretrieval(S/R)machinesrunningononeormorerailsbetweenfixedarraysofstorageracks.AtypicalAS/RSoperationiscalledasinglecommand(SC)operation,involvingtheS/Rmachinespickingupal
18、oadatthefrontofthesystem,transportingtheloadtoanemptylocation,deposingtheloadintheemptylocation,andreturningemptytotheinput/output(I/O)point.A第14页/共50页第十五页，共50页。dualcommand(DC)operationinvolvestheS/RmachinepickingupaloadattheI/Opoint,travelingloadedtoanemptylocation,depositingtheload,travelingemptyt
19、otheI/Opoint,anddepositingtheload.Thekeyideaisthatinadualcommand,thetwooperations,astorageandaretrieval,areaccomplishedbetweensuccessivevisitstotheI/Opoint.Information-directed material handling System.第15页/共50页第十六页，共50页。Theconceptofinformation-directedisappealingbecauseitcombinesthecontroltypicalof
20、automatedhandlingwiththeflexibilityofmechanizedsystems.Information-directedsystemsusemechanizedhandlingcontrolledbyinformationtechnology.Twocommonexamplesofinformation-directedmaterialhandlingsystemsareRF-controlledequipmentandlight-directedoperations.第16页/共50页第十七页，共50页。New Words and Expressions第17页
21、/共50页第十八页，共50页。IntroductionTheprimarymissionofmaterialhandlingequipmentistofacilitatemerchandiseflowinanorderlyandefficientmannerfrommanufacturertopointofsale.Inthissectionthefocusofdiscussionisputonthemechanizedmaterialhandlingequipment.Thefollowingequipmentiscommonplaceinmanualwarehousing.PART II
22、Mechanized Material Handling Equipment第18页/共50页第十九页，共50页。Lift Trucks Lifttrucks,alsocalledforklifts,canmoveloadsofmastercartonsbothhorizontallyandverticallybutarenotlimitedtounitloadhandling.Boxesmayalsobetransporteddependinguponthenatureoftheproduct.Manytypesoflifttrucksareavailable.High-stackingtr
23、ucksarecapableofupto40feetofverticalmovement.Palletlessside-clampversionsareavailableforhandlingbulkyproductwithoutpallets.第19页/共50页第二十页，共50页。Otherlifttruckvariationsareavailablefornarrowaisleandside-loadingoperations.Particularattentiontonarrow-aislelifttruckshasincreasedinrecentyears,aswarehousess
24、eektoincreaserackdensityandoverallstoragecapacity.Thelifttruckisnoteconomicalforlong-distancehorizontalmovementbecauseofthehighratiooflaborperunitoftransfer;itismosteffectivelyutilizedinshippingandreceivingandplacingmerchandiseinhighcubestorage.第20页/共50页第二十一页，共50页。Walkie-rider pallet trucksWalkie-ri
25、derpallettrucksprovidealow-cost,effectivemethodofgeneralmaterialhandlingutility.Typicalapplicationsincludeloadingandunloadingoftransportationequipment,orderselectionandaccumulation,andshuttlingloadsoverlongertransportationdistancesthroughoutthewarehouse.Walkie-riderpallettrucksarewidelyusedingrocery
26、warehouse.第21页/共50页第二十二页，共50页。TowlinesTowlinesconsistofeitherin-floororoverhead-mountedcableordragdevices.Theyareutilizedtoprovidecontinuouspowertofour-wheeltrailers.Themainadvantageofatowlineiscontinuousmovement.However,suchhandlingdeviceshavefarlessflexibilitythanlifttrucks.Themostcommonapplicatio
27、noftowlinesisfororderselection.Orderselectorsplacemerchandiseonfour-wheeltrailersthatarethentowedtotheshippingdock.Anumberofautomateddecouplingdevicesareavailabletoroutetrailersfromthemaintowlinetotheshippingdocks.第22页/共50页第二十三页，共50页。Tow Tractor with TrailersAtowtractorwithtrailerconsistsofadriver-g
28、uidedpowerunittowinganumberofindividualfour-wheeltrailersthatholdseveralunitizedloads.Thetypicalsizeofthetrailersis4*8feet.Thetowtractorwithtrailer,likethetowline,isusedtofacilitateorderselection.Themainadvantageofatowtractorwithtrailersisflexibility.Itisnotaseconomicalasthetowlinebecauseitrequiresm
29、orelabor.第23页/共50页第二十四页，共50页。ConveyorsConveyorsareusedwidelyinshippingandreceivingoperationsandformthebasichandlingdeviceforanumberoforderselectionsystems.Conveyorsareclassifiedaccordingtopower,gravity,androllerorbeltmovement.Inpowersystems,theconveyorispoweredbyadrivechainfromeitheraboveorbelow.Con
30、siderableconveyorflexibilityisofferedinsuchpowerconfigurationinstallations.Gravityandrolleror第24页/共50页第二十五页，共50页。beltsystemspermitthebasicinstallationtoberearrangedwithminimumdifficulty.Portablegravity-stylerollerconveyorsareoftenusedforloadingandunloadingand,insomecases,aretransportedonover-the-roa
31、dtrailerstoassistinunloadingvehicles.Conveyorsareeffectiveinthatonlytheproductismoved,eliminatingtheneedforamovementunittoreturn.Carousels第25页/共50页第二十六页，共50页。Acarouseloperatesonadifferentconceptthanmostothermechanizedhandlingequipment.Ratherthanrequiringtheorderselectortogototheinventorystoragelocat
32、ion,thecarouselmovesinventorytotheorderselector.Acarouselconsistsofaseriesofbinsmountedonanovaltrackorrack.Theremaybemultipletracklevels,allowingforveryhigh-densitycarouselstorage.Theentirecarouselrotates,movingtheselectionbintoastationaryoperator.Thetypicalcarouselapplicationistheselectionofpackage
33、sinpack,repack,andserviceparts.第26页/共50页第二十七页，共50页。Therationalebehindcarouselsystemsistoshrinkorderselectionlaborrequirementsbyreducingwalkinglengthandtime.Carousels,particularlymodernstackablesystems,alsosignificantlyreducestoragespacerequirements.Somecarouselsystemsalsoutilizecomputer-generatedpic
34、klistsandcomputer-directedcarouselrotationtofurtherincreaseselectionproductivity.Thesesystemsarereferredtoaspaperlesspickingbecausenopaperworkexiststoslowdownemployeeefforts.第27页/共50页第二十八页，共50页。Avariationofthecarouselsystemismovableracks.Suchracksmovehorizontallytoeliminatethepermanentaislebetweenth
35、eracks.Thissystem,oftenusedinlibraries,providesmorestoragedensitybutreducespickingefficiencysincetheracksmustbemovedtoaccessspecificproducts.Themechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmentdiscussedisrepresentativeofawiderangeofalternatives.Mostsystemscombinedifferenthandlingdevices.Forexample,lifttrucksmaybe
36、usedforverticalmovementswhiletowtractorwithtrailersandwalkie-riderpallettrucksaretheprimarymethodsofhorizontaltransfer.第28页/共50页第二十九页，共50页。New Words and Expressions 第29页/共50页第三十页，共50页。第30页/共50页第三十一页，共50页。PART III Supplementary ReadingPART III Supplementary ReadingSafety in Material HandlingSafety in
37、 Material HandlingIntroductionIntroduction HandlingandstoringmaterialsinvolveoperationsHandlingandstoringmaterialsinvolveoperationssuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingasuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingatruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carryingbagsortruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carry
38、ingbagsormaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialssuchasdrums,barrels,andlumber.materialssuchasdrums,barrels,andlumber.TheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsareTheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsare第31页/共50页第三十二页，共50页。veryimportanttoindu
39、stry.Unfortunately,theimproperhandlingandstoringofmaterialsoftenresultincostlyinjuries.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsassociatedwithworkplaceequipment,workersmustbetrainedintheproperuseoftheequipmenttheyoperate,includingsafelyandeffectivelyuseequipmentssuchaspoweredindustrialtrucks,conveyors,cranesands
40、lings.第32页/共50页第三十三页，共50页。What Should Workers Know Before Handling Materials?Applyinggeneralsafetyprinciplessuchasproperworkpractices,equipment,andcontrolscanhelpreduceworkplaceaccidentsinvolvingthehandlingmaterials.Whethermovingmaterialsmanuallyormechanically,workersshouldknowandunderstandthepotent
41、ialhazardsassociatedwiththetaskathandandhowtocontroltheirworkplacestominimizethedanger.第33页/共50页第三十四页，共50页。Becausenumerousinjuriescanresultfromimproperlyhandlingandstoringmaterials,workersshouldalsobeawareofaccidentsthatmayresultfromtheunsafeorimproperhandlingofequipmentandfromimproperworkpractices.
42、Inaddition,workersshouldbeabletorecognizethemethodsforeliminating,orminimizing,theoccurrenceofsuchaccidents.Workersshouldexaminetheirworkplacestodetectanyunsafeorunhealthfulconditions,practices,orequipmentandtakecorrectiveaction.第34页/共50页第三十五页，共50页。Potential Hazards for WorkersWorkersfrequentlymenti
43、ontheweightandbulkinessofobjectsthattheyliftasmajorfactorsoftheirinjuries.In1999,forexample,morethan420,000workplaceaccidentsresultedinbackinjuries.Bending,followedbytwistingandturning,werethemorecommonlymentionedmovementsthatcausedbackinjuries.Otherhazardsincludefallingobjects,improperlystackedmate
44、rials,andvarioustypesofequipment.第35页/共50页第三十六页，共50页。Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials ManuallyWhenmovingmaterialsmanually,workersshouldattachhandlesorholderstoloads.Inaddition,workersshouldalwayswearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentanduseproperliftingtechniques.Topreventinjuryf
45、romoversizeloads,workersshouldseekhelpinthefollowing:第36页/共50页第三十七页，共50页。lWhenaloadissobulkythatworkerscannotproperlygrasporliftit,lWhenworkerscannotseearoundoroveraload,orlWhenemployeescannotsafelyhandleaload.Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials Mechanically第37页/共50页第三十八页，共50页。Usingmec
46、hanicalequipmenttomoveandstorematerialsincreasesthepotentialofinjuries.Workersmustbeawareofsafeequipmentoperatingtechniques.Employeesshouldavoidoverloadingequipmentwhenmovingmaterialsmechanicallybylettingtheweight,size,andshapeofthematerialbeingmoveddictatethetypeofequipmentused.Allmaterialhandlinge
47、quipmenthasratedcapacitiesthatdeterminethemaximumweighttheequipmentcansafelyhandleand第38页/共50页第三十九页，共50页。andtheconditionsunderwhichitcanhandlethatweight.Workersmustensurethattheequipmentcapacityisdisplayedoneachpieceofequipmentandisnotexceededexceptforloadtesting.Althoughworkersmaybeknowledgeableabo
48、utpoweredequipment,theyshouldtakeprecautionswhenstackingandstoringmaterial.Whenpickingupitemswithapoweredindustrialtruck,workersmustdothefollowing:第39页/共50页第四十页，共50页。lCentertheloadontheforksasclosetothemastaspossible,lAvoidoverloadingalifttruck,lAdjusttheloadtothelowestpositionwhentraveling,lFollowt
49、hetruckmanufacturersoperationalrequirements,andlPileandcross-tierallstackedloadscorrectlywhenpossible.第40页/共50页第四十一页，共50页。Safety measures regarding conveyorsWhenusingconveyors,workersmaygettheirhandscaught,bestruckbymaterialfallingofftheconveyor,ormaygetcaughtintheconveyoranddrawnintotheconveyorpath
50、asaresult.Topreventorreducetheseverityofaninjury,followingprecautionsmustbetakentoprotectworkers:第41页/共50页第四十二页，共50页。lInstallanemergencybuttonorpullcorddesignedtostoptheconveyorattheworkstation.lDesigntheemergencystopswitchsothatitmustberesetbeforetheconveyorcanberestarted.lProhibitworkersfromriding