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1、Unit 7 Grammar-英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 A:词类及基本用法词类及基本用法各种词类及其在句子中的作用：各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：名词：主语主语(Subject):The dog is white.宾语宾语(Object):I love cats.表语表语(Predicative):I am a teacher./You look a girl.2.Verbs(v.)动词动词-谓语谓语(V)vt.及物动词及物动词 Tom likes apples.vi.不及物动词不及物动词 The sun rises early.各种词类及其在句子
2、中的作用：各种词类及其在句子中的作用：3.Pronouns （pron.)代词：代词：主语主语:They are beautiful.宾语宾语:She likes it very much.表语表语:Its you.4.Adjectives (adj.)形容词：形容词：定语定语(Attribute):This is a bright classroom.表语表语（P）:The classroom is bright.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：副词：状语（状语（Ad.)He walks slowly.(adv修饰修饰v)6.Articles(art.)冠词：冠词：a/the 一般不单独
3、构成句子成分一般不单独构成句子成分 7.Prepositions(prep.)介词（介词（in,at,on,)prep.+n.介词短语构成介词短语构成(表示方位）表示方位）状语状语(Ad.)：He is playing in the playground.表语表语(P):She is at home.9.Conjunctions (conj.)连词连词(and,or,but,so，while)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词感叹词(ah,oh,yeah)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用
4、英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 B:五种句型五种句型 英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。构的基础。基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型四基本句型
5、四:+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾）主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五基本句型五:+D+O（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型 一一(subject)(subject)+V(verb)(verb)（主谓）（主谓）（主谓）（主谓）特点特点:句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。VMy leg hurts.SThe sun rises.SV 基本句型基本句型 二二+（主谓宾主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表
6、 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。e.g.We like juice.S Vo1.She often helps her mother.2.I want a cup of tea.3.I had lunch.Have a try基本句型 三+（主系表主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思，必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。，才能
7、表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做(连连)系系动词。动词。系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类：1 1）be 连系主语和表语的作用连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词；2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等等 +adj.3）表示变化：）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay,keep,remain,stand等等 +adj.+adj.1.This is an English dictionary.1.Everything looks different
8、.2.The weather becomes cooler.The door stays open.Have a try 基本句型基本句型 四四 +IO+D（主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。通常可改为通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+IO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.1.She passed him a n
9、ew dress.2.2.John told me his idea.3.He shows me his new cap.4.My father buy a present for me.Have a try 基本句型基本句型 五五+OC（主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是VT及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。e.g.WeWe made him the manager.SVOOC1.We keep the table
10、 clean.2.I saw them getting on the bus.3.He asked me to come back soon.Have a try1.Plants need water.1.Plants need water.S+V+O S+V+O (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾 )2.The flower is so fresh.2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P S+V+P (主主主主 +系系系系 +表表表表)3.They work hard.3.They work hard.S+V S+V (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 )4.He gives me
11、some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+In O+DO S+V+In O+DO (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +直宾直宾直宾直宾 +间宾间宾间宾间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +宾宾宾宾 +宾补宾补宾补宾补)6.Many animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees.S+V S+V (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓)同一
12、个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例：Hes getting angry.(S V P)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O）I found the book easy.我觉得这本书
13、很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。（S V O C）Attention:按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，简单句，并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him wh
14、en I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句Study skillsLook at the sun.Its a sun day.nyThe shine of the morning sun is bright.Its a shiny morning.The high temperature makes people sleepy in summer.sunshine
15、阳光阳光cloudcloudywindwindyfunfunnyWe cant see clearly in the fog.Its foggyThe snow is very heavy.It is snowy.People often have snowball fightsin winter.How heavy the rain is!Its a rainy day.Work out the rulesnounadjective nounadjectivewindwindyfogfoggyrainrainysunsunnysnowsnowyfunfunnycloudcloudyshine
16、shinysleepsleepynoisenoisyhealthhealthytastetasty luckluckyTask 1:Fill in the blanks1.Its a_ day.Look,the _is shining brightly.I feel a bit hot.(sun)2.The radio says it is going to _ later in the afternoon.I hate_ days.Its wet everywhere,and I will have to take my umbrella.(rain)sunnysunrainrainy3.W
17、hats the weather like tomorrow?Its _.Cant you see the _ in the sky?They look like sheep and cotton.(cloud)4.Its very _ this morning.The _ is so thick that I cant even see the man standing in front of me.(fog)5.Look,it is _ outside,lets go out and play with the _.we can make a lovely snowman.(snow)cl
18、oudycloudsfoggyfogsnowysnowTaskMy favourite seasonThe land is covered in deep white snowRivers are frozen.深的深的结冰的结冰的大地大地What activities can we do?make a snowman雪人雪人 have snowball fights.They throw snowballs at each other.scream扔扔,投投Its _!excitingv.尖叫尖叫Enjoy the winter in HarbinSimon is reading an ar
19、ticle about the winter in Harbin on the Internet.A good article Nice languages好的语句好的语句Rich content丰富的内容丰富的内容Clear structure清楚的结构清楚的结构Conjunctions连接词连接词Par1;Par2-3;Par4;Favourite season Reasons weather view activities Feelings My favourite season is-Its /-Blue sky/clouds/trees/flowers-Its /to do-In spring we-,screaming and laughingWinter is ./-And,but,however,Also,moreover,此外此外Whats more.另外另外snowy/windy/sunny white green beautiful great wonderful exciting ineresting fun Homework1.write an artical about seasons2.recite My favourite season