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1、非谓语动词知识点一知识点一 非谓语动词的形式和句法功能非谓语动词的形式和句法功能话题微型写作知识巧记速记重点突破方法形式形式成分成分不定式不定式V-ingV-ing分词分词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语非谓语动词的句法功能考点一考点一：不定式与V-ing形式作主语的区别1.能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体或将来的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。(1)Smoking is prohibited here.(2)Having a good knowledge of English will make a differe
2、nce to us in finding a job.(3)Playing computer games is a waste of time and energy.(3)To make a plan first is a good idea.It is a good idea to make a plan first. (4)For farmers, to reduce the number of cattle is necessary.=It is necessary to reduce Attention:1) Being taken to the Disneyland is excit
3、ing. Being devoted to caring for the poor made herself respected by the people around the world. 2) It is + adj. of/ for sb to do I t is considerate of him to arrange for a car to be at our service. I t is very important for students to think independently.3) It takes sb sth to do sth2. 主表一致1）Seeing
4、 is believing. To see is to believe.2) To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.3. V-ing 作主语的固定句型 It is no use/ no good /no pleasure/ a waste of time doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no good staying up too late.4. V-ing 特殊句型 There is no point /sense (in) doing sth Th
5、ere is no denying (the fact) that we human beings should take responsibility for present situation of the Earth. There is no telling what the future may have in store for us.考点二考点二：非谓语动词作宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的词组成的顺口溜： 同意提出做计划，agree /offer/ intend / plan 要求答应来帮忙。Demand / ask/ promise/ help 准备决定遭拒绝，prepare/ dec
6、ide / refuse 敢于选择有希望。Dare / choose / wish/ hope/ expect /want 不能做到莫假装，fail/ pretend 设法做成决心坚。Manage/ determine 常跟动名词作宾语的词组成的顺口溜：考虑建议盼原谅consider/ advise,suggest,advocate /excuse, pardon ,forgive sb for (ones doing ) 承认推迟没得想admit/ delay, postpone, put off/ fancy避免错过继续练avoid/ miss/ keep ,keep on/ practi
7、ce否认完成就欣赏deny /finish/ enjoy, appreciate禁止想象才冒险forbid/ imagine/ risk不禁介意准逃亡cant help/ mind/ allow, permit/ escape难以忍受始反对cant stand/ set about / oppose, object to想要成功坚持忙feel like/ succeed in/ stick to, insist on/be busy doing习惯放弃有困难be used(accustomed) to/ give up/have difficulty(in)导致专心防道歉 lead to/ d
8、evote to /preventfrom/ apologize for考点三考点三：非谓语动词作表语1. 1)My favorite sport is playing basketball. 2)My life goal is to be a CEO in IT industry.2. The window is broken now. It was broken（被动） by the boys playing football yesterday.3. 情绪变化的分词 surprised/ surprising; amazed/ amazing;4. sb/ sth seems /appe
9、ars to do/ to be doing/to have done= It seems/ appears thatHe seems to be ill.=It seems that he is ill now. 考点四考点四：非谓语动词作补语 I saw her enter the classroom. I saw her entering the classroom. I heard the song sung.Attention: 使役动词，感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语， 常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear，watch, obse
10、rve, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。此种句子一旦变成被动句以后，即原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，则一定要带上不定式符号to。I saw him go into the room just now.He was seen to go into the room常跟不带to的不定式做宾补的词可记住以下顺口溜：“五看(watch/look at/see/notice/observe)”、“二听(hear/listen to)”、“一感觉(feel)”、“三个使役(let/have/make)”紧跟着，“一个帮助(help)”、“两均可(help sb d
11、o/help sb to do)” 考点五考点五：非谓语动词作定语(1)The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. (2)The question being discussed at the meeting now is of quite importance. (3)The question to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance. 考点六考点六：非谓语动词作状语 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作
12、什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。1) He hurried home only to find his money stolen.2) To make himself heard, he raised his voice.3) All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 4)Given a chance, I can do it well. 5)He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased 6)Please make
13、a sentence using this word 7)His parents died when he was very young, leaving him an orphan. 8 )He hurried to his house only to find his house broken into. 考点七考点七：独立主格及with的复合结构(已打印） 1) The manager looks worried, many things to settle. The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 2) The food bein
14、g cooked, the boy was watching TV. The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 3) There being no one to turn to, he had to stand up himself. It being fine, we can go to the beach.比较： 1） Taking everything into consideration, we decided to go ahead. Everything taken into consideration, we decided to go ahea
15、d. 2）If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. Time permitting, wed better have a holiday at weekends.*非谓语动词解题步骤1. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语，一般是句子的主语，独立主格特殊。2. 判断主被动关系。看非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系（英语用法而不是单纯看中文翻译）3. 判断时间关系。看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前用done，之后用to do，同时用doingSeeing from the hilltop, we can find our school more beautiful.Seen from the top, our school is more beautiful.Devoted to the research, the scientist has no time to accompany his son.