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1、The harder you work, the luckier you will be. 越努力越幸运教学服务质量家校互动卡初中语法专项-被动语态用法语态：根据主语与谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态与被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果 主语是动作的承受者，构成动宾关系，用被动语态。主动语态：Tom cleaned the window yesterday.(主语Tom 是动作clean的执行者，发出者；宾语 the window 是动作承受者)被动语态：The window was cleaned by Tom yesterday.(主语the window 是动作承受者，
2、用被动语态 be+done结构)被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者不知道，没必要或者出于礼貌避免提及动作的执行者为了使句子保持平衡动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物有些动词习惯上常用被动语态结构1. 被动语态基本结构：be+done (by sb ) ,被动语态中的人称，时态的变化通过be体现 一般现在时：am/is/are+done例句：They plant trees every year. The trees are planted by them every year. 一般过去时：was/were+done例句： They built a hospital last year. The
3、 hospital was built by them last year. 现在进行时：am/is/are+being done 例句： We are doing our homework. The homework is being done by us.一般将来时：will /be going to +be done过去将来时：would/should +be done现在完成时：have/has+been done例句： We have learned over 1000 words. Over 1000 words have been learned by us .过去完成时： ha
4、d+been done (被动语态时在肯定句，疑问句，否定句中done保持不变)例句：Was the hospital built by them last year ？ Is the car being repaired ? Have these windows been cleaned yet ?The homework isnt being done by us.(否定句注意not的位置)Over 1000 words havent been learned by us .(否定句注意not的位置)转化2.将主动语态转化成被动语态（本质是把宾语提前做主语）步骤：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句
5、中的主语，若宾语是人称代词，要把宾格变成主格主句中主语变成被动句中的宾语，由by 引出来，若是人称代词，变成宾格形式，有时by 可以省略。谓语动词变成 be done的形式，时态通过be的变化体现其他成分不变3.特别地 :不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，要把不定式的 符号to加上。例句： He makes the children stay at home. The children are made to stay at home by him.4.双宾语结构的被动语态V+sb +sth =V +sth+to/for sth 例句： Tom gave me these boo
6、ks.直接宾语做主语时 These books are given to me by Tom.间接宾语作主语时I was given these books by Tom.其他主动表示被动的用法跑：1.feel，look，smell，taste等系动词，主动形式表示被动含义例句：This silk feels soft.The soup tastes nice .2.sth need/want/require +doing，相当于sth need/want/require +to be done例句：The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be re
7、paired.车子需要修理3.sth be worth doing 表示被动，值得被.例句： The film is worth seeing. 4.表示开始，结束类的动词，start，begin，finish，end等，用主动表示被动。例句：The meeting starts at 10 oclock.当堂练习I.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Her diamondslast night.(steal)2.When I got there,hethem to dance.(teach)3.Usually Johnto school in his fathers beautiful car.(
8、take)4.Ito Beijing three years ago. (go)5.A new schoolin our hometown now.(build)6.Sheas an animal trainer since 2003.(work)7.The flowersby my father at the moment.(water)8.Shush! The babyin the next room.(sleep)9.Look at the sign. Smokinghere.(not allow)II.单项选择。( )1.Hurry up! Once the concert start
9、s,nobodyto enter the concert hall.A.allowsB.allowedC.is allowedD.is allowing( )2.When I called the taxi service,Ithat there was no taxi.A.were toldB.was toldC.was telling( )3.Many studentschances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.A.dont giveB.arent given C.havent given D.
10、wont give( )4.Look at our new school.Itlast year.A.builtB.was builtC.is builtD.will be built( )5.Children are not allowedin many countries.A.to drinkB.drinkC.drinkingD.drankIII.按要求完成句子。1 My father bought the book yesterday（改为被动语态）The bookmy father yesterday.2 They are painting their house（改为被动语态）Their house_by_.3She cleans the house every day（改为被动语态）The house_every day.4.He lent some of my old books to me（改为被动语态）I 5It is called a clavichord（对划线部分提问）_it_?4