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1、1/5 中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如：The flowers and grass should be watered.(_语态)We should water the flowers and grass.(_语态)一 构成 1.被动语态是由“助动词 be+过去分词”构成的，助动词 be 有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup.(主动语态)The cup was broken by Tom.(被动语态
2、)2.被动语态有以下 8 种：一般现在时：be(am/is are)+过去分词 Trees are planted in spring.一般过去时：be(was/were)+过去分词 The house was built last year.现在进行时：be(am/is are)+being+过去分词 The car is being repaired.过去进行时：be(was/were)+being+过去分词 现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词 The light has been turned off.过去完成时：had+been+过去分词 一般将来时：will be+过去
3、分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever.含情态动词的：情态动词+be+过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours.3.被动语态常用于以下场合：不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+动作的执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father.这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如 rise/come/go/take/place/happen
4、 等，没有被动形式。二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 通常遵循以下三个步骤：2/5 1把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。3将主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，置于句末。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。主动语态：Many people speak English.这里还需要连线！被动语态：English.is spoken by many people.如：Lu Xun wrote this book.This book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。People are cu
5、tting down many trees now.Many trees are being cut down now.现在许多树正被砍伐。三 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.双宾语的被动形式 双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法：如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如：His teacher gave him a book.He was given a book by his teacher.He has bought me a present.I have been bought a present.如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那么动词后要用介词 to/for，
6、这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如：His teacher gave him a book.A book was given to him by his teacher.He has bought me a present.A present has been bought for me.常见的能接双宾语的动词有 give/show/bring/lend/send 等，这些词与介词 to 搭配；buy/make/draw 等，这些词与介词 for 搭配。2.动词短语的被动语态 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开
7、，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：We should speak to old men politely.Old men should be spoken to politely.He always takes care of his sister.His sister is always taken care of(by him).3/5 She turned off the radio.The radio was turned off(by her).3.省略的 to 动词不定式用于被动语态 在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如 hear/watch/see/feel/noti
8、ce/listen to/look at/let/make/have 和help 等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加 to。如：He made the girl stay at home.The girl was made to stay at home.We often hear her sing in the room.She is often heard to sing in the room.The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.They were made to work for 16 hours a
9、day(by the boss).4.主动形式表被动意义 动词 need，want 以及短语 be（well）worth 等后面常接动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义。如：The room needs cleaning.这房子需要打扫。The piece of music is worth listening to.这首曲子值得听。某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如 write/wash/sell/clean/cook等，常和副词 well 或 easily 连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The cloth washes easily.这种布容易洗。The pen writes well.这
10、支笔很好用。练习 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Many TV sets _(make)every year in this factory.2.All the exercises must _(finish)before class is over.3.The PRC _(found)on October 1,1949.二、单项选择 1.English _ by many countries,but Chinese people _ Chinese.A.is spoken;speak B.is spoken;are speak C.speaks;speak 2.They _ a n
11、ew school in the village now.It _ before September this year.A.are building;will be built B.are building;will build C.are building;will built 3.If the small trees _,they will grow up quickly.A.are taken good care of B.are taken good care C.take good care of 4/5 4.Where did you go last night?I _ to T
12、oms birthday party.A.am invited B.was invited C.invited 5.These shirts _ well,because they _ nice.A.are sold;are looked B.sell;look C.sell;are looked 6.The flowers _ every day,or theyll die.A.should be water B.must be watered C.must water 7.Dont worry,Your son _.A.must be find B.must be found C.must
13、 be found 8.Your dress looks beautiful.Thank you.It _ by my mother last year.A.made B.is made C.was made 9.The window _ last night,so it _.A.isnt closed;was broken B.didnt close;was broken C.wasnt closed;was broken 10.Most science books _ in English.A.are written B.is written C.wrote 11.Bob _ by his
14、 boss.A.was made to work B.was made work C.made to work 12.The little boy _ Jack.A.is called B.called C.is calling 13.Water _ into ice.A.can been changed B.can be changed C.can change 14.What _ last night?A.was happening B.happened C.was happened 15.The Party _ in 1921.A.is found B.was founded C.was
15、 found 答案：AAA BBB CCC AAA BBB 三、按要求改写句子，每空一词。1.She made her son do his homework after supper.(改为被动语态)5/5 Her son _ _ _ _ his homework after supper.2.Is this game often played by them in the afternoon?(改为主动语态)_ _ often _ this game in the afternoon?3.You can answer my question after you think it over.(改为同义句)My question _ _ _ after it is thought over.四、翻译句子，每空一词。1.我的汽车出毛病了，需要修理。Something is wrong with my car and it _ _.2.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。Old people should _ _ _ _ _.3.这个故事很值得听。This story is well worth _ _.4.昨天有人给他买了一个 MP4。An MP4 _ _ _ him yesterday.