《《整体梗概》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《整体梗概》PPT课件.ppt（40页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、整体梗概第一节：托福（TOEFL iBT）雅思（IELTS）美国高考：赛达（SAT）ACT（American College Test)第二节：记忆方法（背单词）材料：GRE词汇精选（红宝书）-宇宙超级无敌可爱的分界线-还是宇宙超级无敌可爱的分界线-休息一下休息一下托福（TOEFLiBT）The TOEFLThe TOEFL iBT iBT Test-Test-Test of English as a Foreign Test of English as a Foreign Language Language Internet-based TestInternet-based Test Inf
2、act,moreinstitutionsacceptTOEFLtestscoresthananyothertestInfact,moreinstitutionsacceptTOEFLtestscoresthananyothertestscoresintheworldmorethanscoresintheworldmorethan6,000 colleges,universities and 6,000 colleges,universities and licensing agencies in 110 countrieslicensing agencies in 110 countries,
3、tobeexact.And,withmorethan,tobeexact.And,withmorethan4,000 test centers4,000 test centersworldwide,takingthetestisconvenientandeasy.worldwide,takingthetestisconvenientandeasy.Nearly8000words.Nearly8000words.王玉梅王玉梅50005000、俞敏洪托福词频俞敏洪托福词频托福（TOEFLiBT）考试内容托福（TOEFLiBT）PartPartTipsTipsExampleExampleReadin
4、gReading下课后来讲台领取模拟试题及答案下课后来讲台领取模拟试题及答案ListeningListening注意听力当中的主注意听力当中的主旨（旨（mainidea)mainidea)ConversationConversationLectureLecturebreakbreak再忍耐一下再忍耐一下speakingspeakingIfyoucouldliveaboard,whereIfyoucouldliveaboard,wherewouldyougo?Explanwhywouldyougo?Explanwhywouldyougothere.wouldyougothere.Independ
5、entIndependentansweranswerwritingwriting下课后来讲台领取模拟试题下课后来讲台领取模拟试题及满分作文与解析及满分作文与解析雅思（IELTS）IELTSIELTSInternationalEnglishLanguageInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystemTestingSystem IELTSisavailableintwoformatsAcademicIELTSisavailableintwoformatsAcademicandGeneralTrainingandGeneralTraining 7000-8000
6、words7000-8000words雅思（IELTS）雅思（IELTS）AllcandidatesmustcompletefourModules-Listening,Reading,WritingandSpeakingtoobtainanIELTSTestReportForm.CandidatesaretestedinListening,Reading,WritingandSpeaking.AllcandidatestakethesameListeningandSpeakingModules.ThereisachoicebetweenAcademicandGeneralTrainingint
7、heReadingandWritingModules.TotalTestTime2hours45minutesThefirstthreemodules-Listening,ReadingandWriting-mustbecompletedinoneday.TheSpeakingModulemaybetaken,atthediscretionofthetestcentre,intheperiodsevendaysbeforeoraftertheotherModules.Thetestsaredesignedtocoverthefullrangeofabilityfromnon-usertoexp
8、ertuser.雅思托福分数换算表赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）SATReasoningSATReasoningTestTestTheSATReasoningTestisaTheSATReasoningTestisameasureofthecriticalmeasureofthecriticalthinkingskillsyoullneedforthinkingskillsyoullneedforacademicsuccessincollege.academicsuccessincollege.TheSATassesseshowwellTheSATassessesh
9、owwellyouanalyzeandsolveyouanalyzeandsolveproblemsskillsyoulearnedproblemsskillsyoulearnedinschoolthatyoullneedininschoolthatyoullneedincollege.TheSATistypicallycollege.TheSATistypicallytakenbyhighschooljuniorstakenbyhighschooljuniorsandseniors.andseniors.EachsectionoftheSATisscoredEachsectionoftheS
10、ATisscoredonascaleof200800,withonascaleof200800,withtwowritingsubscoresfortwowritingsubscoresformultiple-choiceandtheessay.multiple-choiceandtheessay.ItisadministeredseventimesItisadministeredseventimesayearintheU.S.ayearintheU.S.SATSubjectTestSATSubjectTestSubjectTests(formerlySATII:SubjectTests)ar
11、edesignedtoSubjectTests(formerlySATII:SubjectTests)aredesignedtomeasureyourknowledgeandskillsinparticularsubjectareas,measureyourknowledgeandskillsinparticularsubjectareas,aswellasyourabilitytoapplythatknowledge.aswellasyourabilitytoapplythatknowledge.赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）赛达（SATScholasticApt
12、itudeTest）Example:Example:Hopingto-thedispute,negotiatorsproposedacompromisethattheyfeltHopingto-thedispute,negotiatorsproposedacompromisethattheyfeltwouldbe-tobothlaborandmanagement.wouldbe-tobothlaborandmanagement.A)enforce.useful A)enforce.useful B)end.divisive B)end.divisive C)overcome.unattract
13、ive C)overcome.unattractive D)extend.satisfactory D)extend.satisfactory E)resolve.Acceptable E)resolve.Acceptable Correct answer:(E)ExplanationOnewaytoanswerasentencecompletionquestionwithtwowordsmissingistofocusfirstonjustoneofthetwoblanks.Ifoneofthewordsinananswerchoiceislogicallywrong,thenyoucane
14、liminatetheentirechoicefromconsideration.Lookatthefirstblankintheexampleabove.Woulditmakesensetosaythatnegotiatorswhohaveproposedacompromisewerehopingtoenforceorextendthedispute?No,soneither(A)nor(D)canbethecorrectanswer.Nowyoucanfocusonthesecondblank.Wouldthenegotiatorshaveproposedacompromisethatth
15、eybelievedwouldbedivisiveorunattractivetobothlaborandmanagement?No,so(B)and(C)canbeeliminated,andonlychoice(E)remains.赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）词汇要求：13，000 备考时间：推荐半年准备 推荐书籍：GRE词汇精选（红宝书）俞敏洪NEW SAT词汇必备王文山、王海涛词以累记张红岩赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）Aspeciallotteryistobeheldt
16、oselectthestudentwhowillliveintheonlydeluxeAspeciallotteryistobeheldtoselectthestudentwhowillliveintheonlydeluxeroominadormitory.Thereare100seniors,150juniors,and200sophomoresroominadormitory.Thereare100seniors,150juniors,and200sophomoreswhoapplied.Eachseniorsnameisplacedinthelottery3times;eachjunio
17、rswhoapplied.Eachseniorsnameisplacedinthelottery3times;eachjuniorsname,2times;andeachsophomoresname,1time.Whatistheprobabilityname,2times;andeachsophomoresname,1time.Whatistheprobabilitythataseniorsnamewillbechosen?thataseniorsnamewillbechosen?Correct Answer:DExplanation:Todeterminetheprobabilitytha
18、taseniorsnamewillbechosen,youmustdeterminethetotalnumberofseniorsnamesthatareinthelotteryanddividethisnumberbythetotalnumberofnamesinthelottery.Sinceeachseniorsnameisplacedinthelottery3times,thereare3100=300seniorsnames.Likewise,thereare2150=300juniorsnamesand1200=200sophomoresnamesinthelottery.Thep
19、robabilitythataseniorsnamewillbechosenis.赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）Thinkcarefullyabouttheissuepresentedinthefollowingexcerptandtheassignmentbelow.Thinkcarefullyabouttheissuepresentedinthefollowingexcerptandtheassignmentbelow.Manypersonsbelievethattomoveuptheladderofsu
20、ccessandachievement,theymustforgetthepast,Manypersonsbelievethattomoveuptheladderofsuccessandachievement,theymustforgetthepast,repressit,andrelinquishit.Butothershavejusttheoppositeview.Theyseeoldmemoriesasachancetorepressit,andrelinquishit.Butothershavejusttheoppositeview.Theyseeoldmemoriesasachanc
21、etoreckonwiththepastandintegratepastandpresent.reckonwiththepastandintegratepastandpresent.AdaptedfromSaraLawrence-Lightfoot,AdaptedfromSaraLawrence-Lightfoot,Ive Known Rivers:Lives of Loss and Ive Known Rivers:Lives of Loss and LiberationLiberation Assignment:Do memories hinder or help people in th
22、eir effort to learn from the past and succeed in Assignment:Do memories hinder or help people in their effort to learn from the past and succeed in the present?Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue.Support the present?Plan and write an essay in which you devel
23、op your point of view on this issue.Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience,or your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience,or observations.observations.ScoringTheessayisscoredbyexperiencedandtrainedhighscho
24、olandcollegeteachers.Eachessayisscoredbytwopeoplewhowontknoweachothersscore.Theywontknowthestudentsidentityorschooleither.Eachreadergivestheessayascorefrom1to6(6isthehighestscore)basedontheSATessayScoringGuide.SCORE OF 6Anessayinthiscategorydemonstratesclear and consistent mastery,althoughitmayhavea
25、fewminorerrors.Atypicalessayeffectivelyandinsightfullydevelopsapointofviewontheissueanddemonstratesoutstandingcriticalthinking,usingclearlyappropriateexamples,reasons,andotherevidencetosupportitspositioniswellorganizedandclearlyfocused,demonstratingclearcoherenceandsmoothprogressionofideasexhibitssk
26、illfuluseoflanguage,usingavaried,accurate,andaptvocabularydemonstratesmeaningfulvarietyinsentencestructureisfreeofmosterrorsingrammar,usage,andmechanics赛达（SATScholasticAptitudeTest）Correct Answer:DExplanation:Theerrorinthissentenceoccursat(D).Whenacomparisonisintroducedbytheadverbmore,asinmoreeffect
27、ively,thesecondpartofthecomparisonmustbeintroducedbytheconjunctionthanratherthanandnot.Theotheroptionscontainnoerrors.In(A),thepluralverbhavediscoveredagreeswiththepluralsubjectstudents.In(B),thepluralpronountheycorrectlyreferstothepluralnounstudents.In(C),theprepositionthroughappropriatelyexpresses
28、themeansbywhichissuesareaddressed.Thesentencemaybecorrectedasfollows:Thestudentshavediscoveredthattheycanaddressissuesmoreeffectivelythroughletter-writingcampaignsthanthroughpublicdemonstrations.ACTAmericanCollegeTest The multiple-choice tests cover four skill areas:English,mathematics,reading,and s
29、cience.The Writing Test,which is optional,measures skill in planning and writing a short essay.词汇Vocabulary词汇Vocabulary俞俞敏敏洪洪老老师师托托福福词词汇汇讲讲座座中国新东方学校董事长词汇Vocabulary词汇Vocabulary词汇Vocabulary记忆法：记忆法：词根词缀记忆法；词根词缀记忆法；联想记忆法；联想记忆法；发音记忆法；发音记忆法；比较记忆法。比较记忆法。背单词要求：背单词要求：1.精确记忆及模糊记忆；2.记忆重复原则；3.一定要每次都大量地背；4.坚持，坚持
30、，再坚持做人，不能怂。重复原则 孔子曰：孔子曰：“豫则立，不豫则废豫则立，不豫则废”，意思是凡事如，意思是凡事如果不做好计划，必将失败。老祖宗的话今天已经果不做好计划，必将失败。老祖宗的话今天已经成为了工商管理界的金科玉律。能否成功地使用成为了工商管理界的金科玉律。能否成功地使用笔者的背单词的方法的关键，就在于能否作出周笔者的背单词的方法的关键，就在于能否作出周密的计划，并且坚决的执行下去。密的计划，并且坚决的执行下去。abandon放弃重复原则1 12 23 34 45 56 67 7List 1-3List 1-3*List 1-3*List 1-3 List 4-6List 4-6*Li
31、st 1-3*List 1-3*List 4-6*List 4-6List 7-9List 7-9*List 4-6*List 4-6*List 7-9*List 7-9List 10-12List 10-12*List 1-3*List 1-3*List 10-12*List 10-12List 13-15List 13-15*List 4-6*List 4-6*List 10-12*List 10-12*List 13-15*List 13-15List 16-18List 16-18*List 7-9*List 7-9*List 13-15*List 13-15*List 16-18*L
32、ist 16-18List 19-21List 19-21*List 10-12*List 10-12*List 16-18*List 16-18*List 19-21*List 19-218 89 910101111121213131414List 22-24List 22-24*List 1-3*List 1-3*List 13-15*List 13-15*List 19-21*List 19-21*List 22-24*List 22-24List 25-27List 25-27*List 4-6*List 4-6*List 16-18*List 16-18*List 22-24*Lis
33、t 22-24*List 25-27*List 25-27List 28-30List 28-30*List 7-9*List 7-9*List 19-21*List 19-21*List 25-27*List 25-27*List 28-30*List 28-30List 31-33List 31-33*List 10-12*List 10-12*List 22-24*List 22-24*List 28-30*List 28-30*List 31-33*List 31-33List 34-36List 34-36*List 13-15*List 13-15*List 25-27*List
34、25-27*List 31-33*List 31-33*List 34-36*List 34-36List 37-39List 37-39*List 16-18*List 16-18*List 28-30*List 28-30*List 34-36*List 34-36*List 37-39*List 37-39List 40-42List 40-42*List 19-21*List 19-21*List 31-33*List 31-33*List 37-39*List 37-39*List 40-42*List 40-42151516161717List 43-45List 43-45*Li
35、st 1-3*List 1-3*List 22-24*List 22-24*List 34-36*List 34-36*List 40-42*List 40-42*List 43-45*List 43-45List 46-48List 46-48*List 4-6*List 4-6*List 25-27*List 25-27*List 37-39*List 37-39*List 43-45*List 43-45*List 46-48*List 46-48List 49-51List 49-51*List 7-9*List 7-9*List 28-30*List 28-30*List 40-42
36、*List 40-42*List 46-48*List 46-48*List 49-51*List 49-51遗忘记忆曲线1第一个记忆周期：5分钟2第二个记忆周期：30分钟3第三个记忆周期：12小时4第四个记忆周期：1天5第五个记忆周期：2天6第六个记忆周期：4天7第七个记忆周期：7天8第八个记忆周期：15天 1 1、词根、词缀记忆法词根、词缀记忆法词根、词缀记忆法词根、词缀记忆法 这是最基本也最有效的记忆方法，必须要掌握。这是最基本也最有效的记忆方法，必须要掌握。这是最基本也最有效的记忆方法，必须要掌握。这是最基本也最有效的记忆方法，必须要掌握。举举举举GREGRE中最臭名昭著的一个单词为例
37、：中最臭名昭著的一个单词为例：中最臭名昭著的一个单词为例：中最臭名昭著的一个单词为例：arteriosclerosisarteriosclerosis。这个词让无数人口喷鲜血，。这个词让无数人口喷鲜血，。这个词让无数人口喷鲜血，。这个词让无数人口喷鲜血，但了解了词根，无非是但了解了词根，无非是但了解了词根，无非是但了解了词根，无非是arterio+sclero+sisarterio+sclero+sis，即，即，即，即动脉、硬化症，过目不忘。用词根记忆法，往动脉、硬化症，过目不忘。用词根记忆法，往动脉、硬化症，过目不忘。用词根记忆法，往动脉、硬化症，过目不忘。用词根记忆法，往往事半功倍，如往事
38、半功倍，如往事半功倍，如往事半功倍，如carnivorous,herbivorous,carnivorous,herbivorous,omnivorous,omnivorous,本来一个都记不住，放在一起，本来一个都记不住，放在一起，本来一个都记不住，放在一起，本来一个都记不住，放在一起，一目了然。而且以后记一目了然。而且以后记一目了然。而且以后记一目了然。而且以后记carnage,carnalism,carnage,carnalism,herbaceous,herbiferous,omnicompetent,herbaceous,herbiferous,omnicompetent,omnif
39、icent,omnipotentomnificent,omnipotent等，更是不费吹灰之力。等，更是不费吹灰之力。等，更是不费吹灰之力。等，更是不费吹灰之力。词根词缀记忆法词根词缀记忆法 agricultureagriculture农业，农艺；农学农业，农艺；农学 agriculturalagricultural农业的农业的 agriculturistagriculturist农学家农学家 agrimotoragrimotor农耕用拖拉机农耕用拖拉机 agronomyagronomy农艺学农艺学,农学农学 agronomicagronomic农艺学的农艺学的,农事的农事的 agrology
40、agrology土壤学土壤学 agrobiologyagrobiology农业生物学农业生物学agr 农业农业词根词缀记忆法 anniversaryanniversary周年纪念日周年纪念日 annualannual每年的每年的 annalsannals纪年表纪年表,年鉴年鉴,年报年报 annalistannalist纪年表编者纪年表编者,编年史作者编年史作者 annuityannuity年金年金,年金享受权年金享受权;年金保险年金保险 annuitantannuitant领受养老金者领受养老金者 superannuationsuperannuation年老退休年老退休,退休金退休金 pere
41、nnialperennial终年的；多年生长的终年的；多年生长的 semiannualsemiannual(每每)半年的半年的,一年两次的一年两次的 biannualbiannual一年二次的一年二次的 biennialbiennial二年生植物二年生植物,二年一次的事二年一次的事 triennialtriennial每三年一次的每三年一次的 centennialcentennial百年纪念百年纪念 annuallyannually一年一次一年一次,每年每年 centenariancentenarian百岁或逾百岁以上的人百岁或逾百岁以上的人 bicentennialbicentennial二
42、百年的二百年的,每二百年的每二百年的 millenniamillennia一千年一千年,千年纪念千年纪念ann 年年词根词缀记忆法 circuscircusn.n.马戏；马戏团马戏；马戏团 circlecirclen.n.圆；圈；环圆；圈；环 encircleencirclevt.vt.环绕环绕 semicirclesemicirclen.n.半圆，半圆形体半圆，半圆形体 circularcirculara.a.圆的；循环的圆的；循环的 circulatecirculatevt.vt.使循环使循环 vi.vi.循环循环 circulationcirculation循环；循环；(货币等货币等)流
43、通流通 circulativecirculative循环性的循环性的,促进循环的促进循环的,具有具有流通性的流通性的 circulatorycirculatory循环的循环的 circletcirclet小圈小圈,小的环小的环,饰环饰环 circuitcircuit电路，回路电路，回路 circuitouscircuitous迂回的，绕圈子的迂回的，绕圈子的 circuitycircuity迂曲迂曲,迂回迂回,迂阔迂阔 encirclementencirclement 环绕环绕,围绕围绕,包围包围 circumferencecircumference圆周，周长，圆周线圆周，周长，圆周线 cir
44、cumstancecircumstance 条件；境遇条件；境遇 circumlocutioncircumlocution迂回累赘的陈述迂回累赘的陈述 circumscribecircumscribe 限制限制Cir、cyc圈圈Circumspectadj.Circumspectadj.慎重的，仔细的慎重的，仔细的Circumventv.Circumventv.智胜智胜,回避回避,绕行绕行cyclecyclevi.vi.骑自行车，循环骑自行车，循环cyclicalcyclical adj.adj.循环的循环的,周期性的周期性的unicycleunicycle n.n.单轮脚踏车单轮脚踏车cyc
45、lonecyclone n.n.旋风，飓风旋风，飓风bicyclebicycle n.n.自行车自行车bicyclistbicyclist n.n.骑脚踏车者骑脚踏车者tricycletricycle n.n.三轮车三轮车Encyclopedian.Encyclopedian.百科全书百科全书EncyclopedicEncyclopedic广博的，知识渊博的广博的，知识渊博的cycloidcycloid 摆线摆线,轮转线轮转线CyclometerCyclometer记转器计程器记转器计程器,圆弧测圆弧测定器定器Tetracyclinen.Tetracyclinen.抗生素的一种抗生素的一种Cy
46、cloraman.Cycloraman.圆形幻画圆形幻画,大风景画大风景画幕幕autocycleautocyclen.n.摩托车摩托车recyclerecycle vt.(vt.(使使)再循环再循环cyclotroncyclotronn.n.回旋加速器回旋加速器（省略号）联想记忆法 2 2、联想记忆法、联想记忆法 什么是托福什么是托福TOEFLTOEFLTOTOuchuchE EnglishnglishF FororL Loveove联想记忆法abridgeabridge缩短缩短aboveboardaboveboard光明正大光明正大accostaccost搭话搭话fetidfetid恶臭恶臭
47、adamantadamant固执固执adageadage格言格言alphabeticalalphabetical字母表顺序字母表顺序aplombaplomb镇静镇静arsenalarsenal军械库军械库aspenaspen白杨白杨belittlebelittle轻视轻视bragbrag吹嘘吹嘘castigatecastigate惩治惩治charismacharisma领袖气质领袖气质collapsecollapse坍塌坍塌 consentconsent同意同意flinchflinch畏缩畏缩 obtuseobtuse愚钝的愚钝的 phlegmaticphlegmatic冷淡的冷淡的prude
48、nceprudence谨慎的谨慎的quench慈禧太后queen的一只眼睛因为疾病瞎了（主要是指对新政的无知），成了quen（e看作一只眼睛），脾气变得残暴，对当时充满维新热情中国人（Chinese）进行“压制”、“抑制”（quench）。flairflyintheair天资,才能camouflagecome,oh,uareaflag过来，哦，原来你是旗子伪装coffin联想到coffeein喝的过多过的的coffee话,哎那coffin(棺材)就在等你了.lethargiclet让，har就当是拟声词哈欠吧gic：让你打哈欠昏睡的metabolism：me:我ta:他boli:玻璃这三样变来
49、变去新陈代谢。frustrate灰心，挫败-fru(fruit水果)+str(strong强，硬的)+ate(就是吃了)想吃水果，又碰到一个很硬的家伙（椰子）还吃不着，是不是很灰心丧气呀penchant喜欢，嗜好-pen(钢笔)+chant(chat聊天)frenetic狂乱的，发狂的-free+net-免费互联网.adulate奉承-add+u+late，你加我的MSN加太晚了，我现在不让你通过，不加你。你就一个劲的奉承我omit忽略，疏忽-o哦+mit（MIT著名的麻省理工），你在申请完学校，忽然发现少了它，于是惊呼哦MIT-又是宇宙超级无敌可爱的分界线-。（省略号）发音记忆法 3 3、译
50、音记忆法译音记忆法 其实大部分单词都可以用译音法记忆。另一大其实大部分单词都可以用译音法记忆。另一大类是现成的商标：如类是现成的商标：如robustrobust（乐百氏）（乐百氏）canoncanon（佳能）。另外还有一些词现在有对应的义译，（佳能）。另外还有一些词现在有对应的义译，但五四前后或港台的文章能用音译，用中文音但五四前后或港台的文章能用音译，用中文音来记英语单词，有点好笑，却能记得饶有兴致，来记英语单词，有点好笑，却能记得饶有兴致，不易忘却，如不易忘却，如ultimatumultimatum（哀的美敦书），（哀的美敦书），boycottboycott（杯葛），（杯葛），carniv