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1、 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成：Forms of The Passive Voice 概念：概念：(conception):语态是动词的一种形式，用以说语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动作的如果主语是动作的执行者执行者，使用，使用主动语态主动语态。如果主语是动作的。如果主语是动作的承承受者受者，使用，使用被动语态被动语态。Example:Many people speak English.(主动语态主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被被动语态动语态)构成：被动语态的句子是以构成：被动语态的
2、句子是以be+Ved 的形的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接执行者时，句子后面需接by,译为译为“被被(由由)”句型句型:1.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+be+Ved+(by)2.否定句：主语否定句：主语+be(not)+过去分词过去分词+(by)3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?被动语态的时态是由被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的的时态决定的,be动动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，词是什么时态，全句就是什么时
3、态，be动动词后面的过去分词不变。词后面的过去分词不变。被动语态的十种时态：被动语态的十种时态：1.现在现在 am(is,are)done ;am(is,are)being done;has(have)been done2.过去过去was(were)done ;was(were)being done;had been done 3.将来将来 shall be done;shall have been done4.过去将来过去将来should be done should have been done一般现在时：一般现在时：History is made by the people.一般过去时：
4、一般过去时：These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.一般将来时：一般将来时：Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.现在进行时：现在进行时：A new railway is being built.过去进行时：过去进行时：The roads were building widened.现在完成时：现在完成时：He has been sent to work in Shanghai.过去完成时：过去完成时：A new hotel had been built when I got there.过去将
5、来时：过去将来时：He said a new hotel would be built in two months.被动语态的否定句和疑问句：被动语态的否定句和疑问句：1.否定句否定句 凡是有动词的句子，其否定句都凡是有动词的句子，其否定句都是在是在be 动词的后面加动词的后面加not,被动语态也不例被动语态也不例外外Examples:This song is not liked by young people.Rome was not built in a day.疑问句：把疑问句：把Be 动词放在句首，就构成了被动词放在句首，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而动语态的一般疑问句；而疑问词疑问
6、词+一般疑问一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了Examples:Is Chinese used only in China?Were these computers made in the U.S.A?Yes,they were.No,they werent.What language is spoken in China?Chinese.What was it made of?It was made of bamboo.将主动语态变为被动语态：将主动语态变为被动语态：1.把原句中的把原句中的宾语宾语变为变为主语主语2.动词改为被动形式，即动词改为被动形式
7、，即be+过过去分词去分词3.原来的主语，如果需要的话放原来的主语，如果需要的话放在在by 后面以指明做事的人或物。后面以指明做事的人或物。如果没必要，可以省略。如果没必要，可以省略。变换方法变换方法主动句：主动句：The hunter killed a tiger.被动句：被动句：A tiger was killed by the hunter.步骤步骤1：以主动句的宾语为主语：以主动句的宾语为主语步骤步骤2：将动词改为：将动词改为“be+过去分词过去分词”的被动语态构成。的被动语态构成。Be 要随新的主语要随新的主语变化，同时时态不变变化，同时时态不变步骤步骤3：将主动语态的主语改为：将主
8、动语态的主语改为by形式放在句尾，如果是代词，则由主形式放在句尾，如果是代词，则由主格改为宾格格改为宾格Examples:They visited the city two years ago.The city was visited by them two years ago.They dont use the room.The room is not used by them.He will repair the desk.The desk will be repaired by him.Did Tom use it?Was it used by Tom?Where did you mak
9、e them?Where were they made(by you)?被动语态的几种类型：被动语态的几种类型：1.由及物动词形成的被动语态由及物动词形成的被动语态a.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态有一个宾语的句子的被动语态The people make hostory.History is made by the peopleb.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态有两个宾语的句子的被动语态Tom gave me a present.I was given a present by Tom.A present was given(to me)by Tom.He teaches us English.We
10、are taught English by him.English is taught to us by him.3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 下面动词有宾补变被动时一律加下面动词有宾补变被动时一律加to(feel,see,hear,watch,make,let,have,help)They call him Bob.He is called Bob(by them)The landlord made him work.He was made to work(by the landlord)2.由不及物动词由不及物动词+介词或副词形成的被动语介词或副词形成的
11、被动语态态Many trees are cut down by workers.3.由情态动词形成的被动语态由情态动词形成的被动语态The person must be taken care of by his son.肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+情态动词情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远永远是原形是原形)+过去分词过去分词否定句：主语否定句：主语+情态动词情态动词+not+be+过去分词过去分词疑问句：情态动词疑问句：情态动词(can,may,must)+主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词Examples:We can change water into ice.Water can
12、 be changed into ice.You must not take out any books.Any books mustnt be taken out by you.Can you use it?Can it be used?被动语态注意事项被动语态注意事项一、适合被动语态的情况一、适合被动语态的情况1、不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种、不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。This jacket is made of cotton.The book was written for children.2、需要突
13、出或强调动作的承受者时、需要突出或强调动作的承受者时Food is needed by every living thing.二、主动语态不能变为被动语态的情二、主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况况1、当宾语是反身代词时、当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker.I found myself in the park.2、当谓语是表状态的及物动词时、当谓语是表状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting.Exercise:一、用括号中被动语态的适当时态填空一
14、、用括号中被动语态的适当时态填空1、English _ (speak)here.2、The songs _ (like)by us all twenty years ago.3、That clock _ (call)Big Ben.4、What language _ (speak)in your country?is spokenwere likedis calledis spoken5.The pictures _ (take)by Jack tomorrow.6.The film _ (show)again sometime next week.will be takenwill be s
15、hown二、变换句型二、变换句型1、Many people visited Nara.Nara _ _ by many people.2、Miss Ding teaches us English.English _ _ by Miss Ding.was visitedis taught 选择填空选择填空：1、I was surprised to hear that the colour TV set _ 5,000 yuan.A.Has cost B.cost C.costed D.was cost2.Great changes _ place since he came here.A.Have been taken B.have taken C.has been taken D.has taken BB3.He was seen _ something from the shop.A.Steal B.to steal C.to be stolen D.stealed4.She has _ by her classmates.A.Laughed B.laughed at C.been laughed D.been laughed at D