《被动语态的翻译.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《被动语态的翻译.ppt（41页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、被动语态的翻译 英语和汉语都有被动语态，但两种文字对被动语态的运用却不尽相同。同一个意思，英语习惯用被动语态表达，汉语却往往要用主动语态。例如We are kept strong and well by clean air.如译成“我们被清洁的空气保持得健壮”显然不符合汉语习惯，应译成“空气清洁能促使我们身体健壮。”汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，其原因比较简单：英语有表示主语和谓语动词之间处于“被动关系”（即受事者+行为）而不是“主动关系”（即施事者+行为）的形式程序，那就是：主语+be(.各式形态变化)+动词的过去分词式。在英语中，这种形态表示程序非常稳定，非常明确，可以使被动语态形成
2、一个界定十分清楚的语法范畴：Peter was robbed to pay Paul.如果说话者要指出施事者来，英语的表达方式也很简单，就是在谓语结构后面加一个由by引导的短语：Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul.他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。（“剜肉补疮”）汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们固然有“被”字可用来表示被动语态，但在更多的情况下，我们并不执着于主语与谓语之间究竟有什么关系，因而一律用主动形式。1.被动语态有强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、突出。例如：1)The happy man cannot be harried.吉人自有天相。（注意汉语用主动）2
3、)In an adversary spots are soon seen.对手的缺点最易发现。（注意汉语主动）2.当不必要说出主动者或无法说出主动者时。例如：1)New electronic devices are often shown to the students.常给同学门看新的电子装置。2)For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐蚀的材料。3.为更好地连接上下文。例如：Vulcanized r
4、ubber was a perfect insulating material;on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions.硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料，在铁路上可用来做减震器和减震垫。4.被动语态可在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬和说话者的谦恭。例如：1)Where can you be reached?在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？）2)When will I be interviewed?我什么时候来参加面试呢？5.被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题（或人或事或物）持有某种客观态度，因而比较婉转。
5、例如：1)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department.据说他是我们系最受尊敬的老师。2)It is suggested that each speaker is allotted five minutes.以上两句都暗示说话者力求避免主观、武断。如第2)句的意思是：“建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟”，言下之意是：“不是我个人的规定”。综上所述，英语被动语态除了表示语法关系外，还表示一定的意义，这是我们在翻译中要注意的。英语被动句在译成汉语时不存在现成的对应表达方式，而是需要我们依据汉语的习惯用法，从丰富的句式和辅
6、助词语中选一些适当的手段来表现出原文中的被动含意。顺译法Translation in Original Order顺译成被动句1.译成“被”字句They are deprived of their rights.他们被剥夺了权利。He was beaten black and blue.他被打得青一块紫一块。The novel I had thrown away was chosen by the Book Society.我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被书社选中。If the scheme is approved,work on the project will start immediately
7、.如果方案被批准了，工程将即刻动工。2.译成“挨”字句This time he was tipped over by his buddies.这次他挨了哥儿们一顿揍。The little boy was criticized three times last week.这个小男孩上周挨了三次批评。3.译成“给，叫，让，由，受，遭到，受到，予以，加以，为.所“等His father was killed beofore liberation.他爹在解放前给杀害了。Part or all of the light may be reflected,absorbed,or transmitted b
8、y the thing or object that comes into its way.一部分光或全部的光可能给挡住其去路的东西或物体所反射、吸收或投射。Our roof was damaged in last nights storm.在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的对外政策受到了世界人民的支持。The finished products must be carefuly inspected before delivery.商品出厂前必须仔细地予
9、以检查。The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article.运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。The atomic theroy was not accepted until the last century.原子学说知道上世纪才为人们所接受。The crops were washed away by the flood.庄稼让洪水冲毁了。History is made by the people历史是由人民创造的。PracticeThose who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.Tran
10、slation techniques should be paid enough attention to.When we were first captured,my own reaction was mainly in fear and suspicion.He was set upon by two masked men.The three machines can be controlled by a single operator.Problems should be resolved in good time.This new theory has now been adopted
11、 by many scientists who are searching life in outer space.The reactionary troops are being hit everywhere.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人将受到奖励。Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.翻译技巧应予以足够的重视When we were first captured,my own reaction was mainly in fear a
12、nd suspicion.我们刚被俘时，我本能的反应主要是又害怕又怀疑。He was set upon by two masked men.他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。The three machines can be controlled by a single operator.这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。Problems should be resolved in good time.问题应该及时加以解决。This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching life in outer space
13、.这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家说采纳。The reactionary troops are being hit everywhere.反动派的军队到处挨打。顺译成主动句1.顺译成形式上是主动，意义上是被动的句子He was assassinated in a theater last night.他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。His leg was broken in an accident.他的腿在一次事故中折断了。The thing must be handled with care.这东西必须轻拿轻放。A bald head is soon shaven.光头好剃。2.是.
14、的China-ink stains cannot be washed out.墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.彩虹是在阳光透过天空中的小水滴形成的。PracticeThe sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.The quality of our products has been greatly improved.
15、Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily,and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.Roger,you are wanted on the phone.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，从来没有完全消除。The quality of our products
16、 has been greatly improved.产品质量有了很大的提高。Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily,and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.多数问题已圆满解决，只剩下几个次要问题有待讨论Roger,you are wanted on the phone.罗杰，你有电话Poets are born,but orators are made.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。Printing was in
17、troduced into Europ from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。The first explosive in the world was made and used in China.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。倒译法Translation in Reverse Order1 把 by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语We are kept strong and well by clean air.洁净的空气使我们身体健康。Other forms of energy can be changed to electric energy by generators.发电机
18、能把其他形式的能转变为电能。A book was given to me by him他给了我一本书。2 倒译成汉语的无主句When the anthem had been played,the Congress began.奏完国歌后，大会开始了。You are hoped to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做。The students should be enabled to develop morally,intellectually and physically in an all-round way.必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全面发展。Great
19、 strides have been taken in search of a cure,and preventative efforts have also been made.治疗方面已大有进步，预防方面也做了很大的努力。PracticeBy the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.He was regarded as a Republican by everyone,eve
20、n though he had always thought of himself as an Independent.By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁掉。He was regarded as a Republican by everyone,even though he had always tho
21、ught of himself as an Independent.所有人都把他看做共和党人，尽管他一直认为自己是“无党派人士”。The matter was never mentioned again ever since.You have been told so many times not to mention this.The complains were not well listened to.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in this century.The matter was never m
22、entioned again ever since.从那以后再也没有提起过那件事。You have been told so many times not to mention this.已经告诉你多少遍不要再提这件事了。The complains were not well listened to.没有很好地倾听这些批评意见。Many strange new means of transport have been developed in this century.在本世纪，发明了许多新奇的交通工具。分译法 Splitting Translation1.It+be+v-ed+that S+
23、be+v-ed+to do 有人，人们，大家，我们等It is known that a common form of thermometer is the mercury thermometer.大家知道常用哦温度计是水银温度计。Our teacher was seen to be working in the office.有人看见老师在办公室备课。It has been realized that wildlife is extremely important to us.人们已经认识到野生动植物对人类是极为重要的。It is believed that todays pop music
24、 can serve as a creature force by stimulating the thinking of its listeners.人们认为，今天的通俗音乐通过刺激听众的思维便能作为一种创造性的力量。PracticeThe lecture is considered very important for beginners.Hydrogen is known to be the lightest element.It is universally acknowledged that airline food is awful.Yet,what we say here wil
25、l not be long remebered.What we do here can change the world.The lecture is considered very important for beginners.大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。Hydrogen is known to be the lightest element.人们都知道，氢是最轻的元素。It is universally acknowledged that airline food is awful.人们普遍认为，飞机上的食物非常糟糕。Yet,what we say here will not be long remebered.What we do here can change the world.不过，我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。我们再这里所做的事却能改变世界。