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1、4Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 一、学习目标： By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: 1.identify different elements in a sentence; 2.understand five basic sentence structures;3. apply the rules in new situations;二、 导读导学 ：简单句的五种类型三、 问题分层 层句子的成分及其功能层 简单句的五种类型层 运用所学内容判断句子结构主体参与 学习、探究简单句的
2、五种类型。Step 1 探索与发现句子的成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做 _。句子成分有_成分和_成分；主要成分有_语和_语；次要成分有_语、_语、_语、_语、_语和_语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于_。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（_词）We often
3、 speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（_词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（_式） Smoking does harm to the health.（_词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的_词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（_从句）It is necessary to master a f
4、oreign language.（_作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的_）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的_或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在_ 语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：用以说明_语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于_
5、动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如：Our teacher of English is an American.（_词）Is it yours?（_词）The weather has turned cold.（_词）The speech is exciting.（_词）Three times seven is twenty one?（_词）His job is to teach English.（_式）His hobby（爱好）is pl
6、aying football.（_词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（_词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的_或_者，一般位于_动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（_词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（_词） How many dic
7、tionaries do you have? I have five.（_词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（_短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语)I think（that）he is fit for his office.（_语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2） 复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They
8、elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（_词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（_词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（_短语）We
9、saw her entering the room.（_分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（_词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（_词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（_词） There are thirty women teach
10、ers is our school.（_词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（_词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（_词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（_词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式
11、表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（_词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（_短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（_词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six
12、?（_状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（_状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（_状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（_状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（_状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must w
13、ork harder.（_状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（_状语）She works very hard though she is old.（_状语）I am taller than he is.（_状语）Step 2简单句的五种类型Task 1.连词成句：Miss Yan， to， was excited to， the opportunity， give， be given， really， a speech_Task2 Exploring the rules：1. Ss. read the short speec
14、h on page ? and put the underlined sentences into the table according to their sentence structures._.S+V _. S+V+P _. S+V+O _. S+V+IO+DO _. S+V+O+OCTask 3 Working out the rules1. Learning about Rule 1Students observe the above five sentence structures and infer what elements are essential in a senten
15、ce and deduce Rule 1: The subject and the _ are necessary parts of a sentence.2. Learning about Rule 2 : Students observe the following two sentences: I agree. You will have a happy life. Work out Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _. Objects are usually nouns or pronouns.Practice:
16、 Complete the following sentences with proper verbs or objects. During the three years of senior high school, I_ great knowledge and_ personal growth. In order to improve my football skills, I will join _. To achieve my goal for the new term, I will learn_ll. (to-infinitive serving as the object)3.
17、Learning about Rule 3 Students observe the following sentences: You will live a happy life. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. Some transitive verbs can take two objects,_(DO) and_ (IO). The indirect object usually refers to_and the direct object_. Objects are usually_ or_.The sentence structu
18、re is like this: S+V+IO+DO. This is Rule 3. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. We can also change the structure into the following: Setting goals gives_in life.Practice: (1) What verbs have we learned that can take two objects?give,_(2) Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure_4. Learning abou
19、t Rule 4: An object can be followed by a complement(补足语） and it is called_(OC). The sentence structure is like this: S+V+O+OC. This is Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.T: Please complete the following sentences with proper object complements Mrs. Barrow named her
20、dog _.(点点） I wanted to paint my bedroom_ .（粉红色） I smelled something_ in the kitchen.（正在燃烧） The terrible news of Kobes death left us _.（非常震惊地） I watched a magician _ on TV.（表演一个魔术） Our principal encouraged us _.（充分发挥我们的潜能）Task 4 More explanation1. Distinguish(区分） the S+V+O structure from the S+V+P st
21、ructure. (1) Underline the sentence elements in the following sentences: We should keep positive in life. _ We should keep a positive attitude to life. _ Achieving a balance between my study and hobbies remains a challenge. _ (2) Make a summary. We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitive verbs (
22、vi.)(不及物动词）, transitive verbs (vt.（及物动词）) and linking verbs (linking v.)（系动词）. The verbs in the above sentences are should keep, should keep and remains.They each belong to the_ verb, the _ verb and the _ verb. Linking verbs include be verbs and verbs like look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, becom
23、e, turn, stay, remain, keep etc. A word or a group of words that follows a linking verb is the predicative (P).The way to decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transitive or an intransitive verb: Change the verb into be verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is a linking verb.五、 当堂检测1. Finish B1 on page 7 of the textbook.2. Finish B2 on page 7 of the textbook 六、课堂总结1. 问题总结（错题集）错题题号错因分析基础知识基本技能（方法）易错点分析审题答题规范性学法指导2. 学习报告（思维导图）学习报告班级： 姓名： 学科： 任课教师： 5