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1、The river was seriously polluted.语态是动词的一种形式，表示语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语主语和和动词动词之间之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而被动，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的语态动词的主语是动作的承受者承受者。被动语态是动词。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。才有被动语态。英语语态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 worked
2、openedclosed seentaught asked work close openask seeteache.g.由助动词由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。构成。助动词助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。The flowersWhat does she do every day?every day.are watered by herShe waters the flowers every day.主 谓 宾后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态态英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak
3、 English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be,结构分别结构分别be+pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动变被动的方法:She waters the flowers every day.主 谓 宾The flowers are watered by her every day.总结:主动语态被动语态宾语 谓语 主语 其他 抄下来主语主语be+P.Pby+宾语宾语be+P.P.被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化考点一考点一:
4、主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.are3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them.1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.i
5、s spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+PPtask（一）（一）1.We like Miss Lin Very much.Miss Lin _ _ by us very much.2.Many young people love Jay Chou songs.Jay Chous songs _ _ by many young people.islikedareloved时态时态:结构：结构：am/is/are+done一般现在时一般现在时把下列句子改为被动语态：把下列句子改为被动语态：2.The lost boy _ at th
6、e street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+PPtask（二）（二）1.The man repaired the car yesterday.The car _ _ by the man yesterday.2.Mr Song encouraged us to study hard last week.We _ _ to study hard by Miss Peng last week.wasrepairedwereencouraged时态时态
7、:结构：结构：was/were+done一般过去时一般过去时把下列句子改为被动语态：把下列句子改为被动语态：3.Many houses _ in the future.A.will build B.will be built C.are built 一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+PPbe going to+be+PPtask(三三)1.The city will build the new airport next year.The new airport _ _ _ next year.2.Huidong Middle School is going to se
8、nd two students to Hongkong to study.Two students_ _ _ _ _ to Hongkong to study.willbe are be 时态时态:结构：结构：will/be going to+be+done一般将来时一般将来时builtgoing tosent4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+PPtask(四四)1.Li Ming has already
9、 watered some flowers.Some flowers _ _ _by Li Ming already.2.They have sold out the light green dress.The light green dress _ _ _ out.havebeen has 时态时态:结构：结构：Have/has+been+done现在完成时现在完成时wateredbeensold5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：
10、情态动词情态动词+be+PP含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+done1.You mustnt clean the room today.2.The room_ _ _ by you today.2.We should finish our homework on time.Our homework_ _ _ by us on time.（四）（四）mustnt should 结构：结构：be cleanedbefinishedPart 3练习:用be动词的正确形式填空.1.A knife _ used to cut apples.2.2.The air
11、_ polluted already.3.3.The rooms _cleaned later.4.4.The students _ asked to have breakfast.5.5.They_ encouraged to study hard in the past.6.6.Not only he but also I _ punished last night.ishas beenwill be arewerewas一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：情态动词情态动词:am/is/are+done 情态动词情态动词有有+be+done will +
12、be+done was/were +done以下时态的被动语态构成以下时态的被动语态构成Summary现在完成时：现在完成时：has/have+been+doneTask 4Read text-2 When can we use the passive voice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。作的执行者时。My bike was stolen last night.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。The desk was
13、made by Master Wang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。Homework1.Review passive voice2.Do exercises on the paper考点二考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:6.Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.s
14、ells感官动词感官动词,和和sell等动词用主动等动词用主动语态表被动语态表被动.思考思考3:选择选择1.The pen _well.A.is written B.writes 2.The music _ nice.A.sounds B.is soundedBA有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义注意问题注意问题3：1.read,sell,last,wash,write等带状语（well,easily)时。如:Her book sells well.2.感官动词感官动词feel,look,smell,sound,taste等等与形容词连用时。与形容词连用时。如：如：T
15、he cake tastes delicious.7.Many people _ during the earthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.diedhappen,last,die等动词不使用等动词不使用被动被动.1.It will happen in 50 years.()2.It will be happened in 50 years.()注意问题注意问题2：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen,take place,begin,become dissappear,come out.思考思考2:判断下列句子
16、的正误判断下列句子的正误挑战x8.The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish when the police walked past the park.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen throwing C.made;sawsee/hear sb.do sthbe seen/heard to do sthsee/hear sb.doing sth.be seen/heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.主动主动:被动
17、被动:主动主动:被动被动:主动主动:被动被动:思考思考4:把主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态变为被动语态I saw him fall off the tree.He _ _ _ fall off the tree.was seen to注意问题注意问题4：一些动词如（如：一些动词如（如：make,see,hear,watch 等），后接宾语补足语为不带等），后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，不定式时，变被动语态时要加上变被动语态时要加上“to”。挑战短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。的介词或副词不能
18、拆开或省略。They looked after the children The children were well looked after.We has put off the meeting till next week.The meeting has been put off till next week.注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken ca
19、re of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.9.Children should _.A.take good care of B.be taken good care C.be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词介词或副词注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio
20、was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.10.Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed,allow 可以用可以用-ing形式表示形式表示被动被
21、动need to be done =need doing动词不定时只变sb.to动词不变Ask sb to do sth 变为sb be asked todosth练习：练习：将下列句子变为被动句。将下列句子变为被动句。1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.3.We took care of the things.4.They gave us some work.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.6.My moth
22、er buys me a bike.His father is listened to carefully by Li Lei.The baby was looked after in the room.The things were taken care of by us.We were given some work.Some work was given to us by them.They were made to laugh all the time.A bike is bought for me.1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;
23、3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态被动语态，80词左右。词左右。1.树要在春天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里,扶直扶直;4.把把泥
24、泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和树树绑起来绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in Spring.The hole must be dug
25、 large enough but not too deep.Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight.Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet.Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight.Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope.And they must be watered well.