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1、四级训练四级训练四级训练四级训练 翻翻翻翻译译一一 考试形式考试形式 二二 考核重点考核重点三三:答题步骤答题步骤 一考试形式一考试形式 1.考试时间：5 分钟 2.分值：5分3.由原来英译汉变为汉译英：06年6月4.名为翻译，实为补全句子二二.考点分析考点分析 1.核心语法（虚拟语气、定语从句，状语从句（最常考)2.重点单词3.固定搭配一语法结构（一语法结构（grammar）1动名词动名词（gerund）：）：2道87.Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路)(2006.6)finding the wa
2、y to the history museum87.Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学)(2009.6)difficulty(in)keeping up with his classmates/(in)catching up with his classmates1、有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，构、有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配，需特别记忆。常见的这类动成固定搭配，需特别记忆。常见的这类动词有：词有：admit（承认）（承认）advise（建议）（建议）allo
3、w（允许）（允许）appreciate（感激）（感激）avoid（避免）（避免）cant help（禁不住）（禁不住）consider（考虑）（考虑）deny（否认）（否认）dislike（不喜欢）（不喜欢）enjoy（喜欢）（喜欢）escape（逃脱）（逃脱）excuse（原谅）（原谅）feel like（想要），（想要），finish（结束），（结束），give up（放弃），（放弃），imagine（想象），（想象），involve（包含），（包含），keep（保持），（保持），mind（介意）（介意），miss（错过）（错过）permit（允许）（允许）recollect（记得）（记得
4、）recommend（推荐）（推荐）suggest（建议）（建议）stop（停止）（停止）resent（对（对感到愤恨、怨恨）感到愤恨、怨恨）risk（冒（冒危险）危险）cannot stand（受不了）（受不了）等。例如：等。例如：。exercise强化例句：After having spent whole mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty bag.Its driver had a lot of trouble _(试图停车)trying to stop it 预测：很可能会考不定式（infinitive）。也该考人家不
5、定式了2虚拟语气虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）：）：2道89.The victim _（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.（2006.12）might have survived88.If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary _(就不会被大雨淋了)（2009.6）答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain点评：本题的考点仍然为两个：第一个是考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二是考查对短语be caught by
6、的掌握，意思为“被所困”，另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议。而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓议。而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示语动词的特殊形式来表示（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 主句主句谓语形式谓语形式从句谓语形式从句谓语形式与现在与现在事实相事实相反反would(should,could,might)+动词原形动词原形过去式过去式(be用用were)与过去与过去事实相事实相反反would(sh
7、ould,could,might)+have+过去分词过去分词had+过去分词过去分词与将来与将来事实相事实相反反would(should,could,might)+动词原形动词原形过去式或过去式或were to(should)+动词动词原形原形exercise强化例句：If,at the time,the British,it would have been completed.（不害怕侵略）had not feared invasion预测：很可能会考一道虚拟现在的句子，如：If dad were alive,he would be horrified.或者对将来的虚拟If it were
8、 to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.3倒装倒装（inversion）：）：样题1道&真题1道Not only_（他向我收费过高）,but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he overcharge me 考点：Not only 引起的部分倒装（助动词提前）正常结构：He not only overcharged me,but he didnt do a good repair job either.强化例句：Only on one occasion have I ever felt fr
9、ightened.（新概念英语）91.(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.（2008.6）Not until he had finished the mission考点：Not until 引起的部分倒装（助动词提前）正常结构：He didnt realize that he was seriously ill until he had finished the mission 强化例句：直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talki
10、ng.倒倒 装装 结结 构构 1.概念：把概念：把谓语动词谓语动词的的全部全部或或一部分一部分放放在在主语主语之前，就叫之前，就叫“倒装结构倒装结构”.如：如：Are you fond of pop music?Away flew the bird.On the wall hangs a picture.2.分类：分类：部分倒装部分倒装&完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装：完全倒装：全部谓语全部谓语位于主语之前。位于主语之前。Here comes a bus.J部分倒装：部分倒装：只有助动词只有助动词位于主语之前。位于主语之前。Never shall I forget about it.Only in
11、this way can we succeed.一、完全倒装一、完全倒装()在在there,here 引导的句子中，谓语是引导的句子中，谓语是be,exist,live,lie 等表示状态的动词。等表示状态的动词。1.There is nobody in the classroom.2.There happened an event last week.3.There stands a temple at the foot of the mountain.(2)、在、在there/here,now/then,out/in,up/down/away,off等开头的句子中等开头的句子中,主语是名词
12、主语是名词,谓语动词为谓语动词为come,go,等动词时。等动词时。There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.Out rushed the boy.The door opened and in came Mr.smith.注意：注意：主语是人称代词时主语是人称代词时,则不需倒装。则不需倒装。Here he comes.Here it is.(3)、such提前时，整个句子需倒装。提前时，整个句子需倒装。*Such is our teacher,who loves his students very much.*Such is life!这就是生活这就是生活
13、!(4)、地点状语提前，且谓语是、地点状语提前，且谓语是be,stand,sit,lie 等动词时等动词时,为了保持句子平衡。为了保持句子平衡。1.On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.2.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.3.On the ground lay a sick goat.二二.部分倒装部分倒装1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no,not,never,2)seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in
14、no way,not until/not only/hardlywhen 等。等。I have never seen such a performance.Never have I seen such a performance.He could hardly read or write.Hardly could he read or write.She did not leave the room until the baby fell _asleep.Not until the baby fell asleep did she leave.注意注意hardlywhen/no soonert
15、han的结构的结构:I had hardly reached the bus stop when it began to rain.Hardly had I reached the bus stop when it began to rain.2)so,neither,nor2)so,neither,nor2)so,neither,nor2)so,neither,nor 作部分倒装作部分倒装作部分倒装作部分倒装 表示表示“也也”、“也不也不”的句子要部分倒装的句子要部分倒装.注注意意：当当soso引引出出的的句句子子用用以以对对上上文文内内容容加加以以证证实实或或肯肯定定时时,意为意为“的确如
16、此的确如此”,不用倒装。不用倒装。Tom can speak French._.jack也会也会 If you wont go,_.(我也不去）我也不去）So can Jack neither will ITom is a clever boy._ .“Its raining hard.”_.So he is“So it is.”3)3)、only+only+状语在句首引起的句子要倒装状语在句首引起的句子要倒装 1.Only in this way can you learn English well.2.Only after being asked three times did he co
17、me to the meeting.3.Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.4)as“4)as“虽然虽然”引导的倒装句引导的倒装句 Though he is a child,he knows something of electricity.Child as he is,he knows something of electricity.Though he pushed hard,he could not move it.Hard as he pushed it,he could not move it.5)so/suchthat
18、5)so/suchthat句型中的句型中的so/suchso/such位于句首时位于句首时,需倒装。需倒装。So angry was he that he declined to answer my questions.SuchSuch great great progress progress did did he he makemake thatthat we we were all proud of him.were all proud of him.4状语从句（状语从句（adverbial clauses）：）：六道。重要考点。1）目的状语目的状语（adverbial clauses
19、of purpose）：2道88.In order to_,Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.(挣钱支付我的学费)（2006.6）make money to support my schooling 89.Youb better take a sweater with you _(以防天气冷).（2008.12）In case it turns cold.强化例句：This time he was crying for help so that _有人会放他出去Someone would let him out目的状语从句
20、目的状语从句常用引导词：so that,in order that，that特殊引导词：lest,in case(以免),for fear that/of，in the hope that,for the purpose that,on purpose thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear mor
21、e clearly.Take your raincoat in case it rains/(should)rain.Ill explain it to him lest he(should)doubt me.exercise2)让步状语让步状语(adverbial clauses of concession)：3道道 91.Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.（2006.6）he was fired by the company89.I am going to pursue thi
22、s course,无论我要作出什么样的牺牲.(07.12)no matter whatever sacrifices I will make 89.Leaving ones job,不管是什么工作,is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.（2008.6）whatever job it is/no matter what job it is 2).让步状语从句让步状语从句(不管不管;尽管尽管)u常用引导词：though,although,even if,even thoughu特殊引导词：as，while
23、(一般用在句首),in spite of the fact that,;no matter，whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheveruThe old man always enjoys swimming even though the it is ice-cold outside.不管你有多忙,he always insists on coming with you.No matter how busy you are2）时间状语时间状语（adverbial clauses of time）：）：1道道90.Some psycho
24、logists claim that people（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）（2006.12）may feel lonely when theyre away from home.91.The anti-virus agent was not known(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)(2008.12)until a doctor discovered it accidentally/by chance.时间状语从句时间状语从句常用引导词：when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as特殊引导词：the minute,the mome
25、nt,the second,every time,the day,directly,immediately;(一 就)no sooner than,hardly when,scarcely whenexercise他直到妈妈进来才起床他一直工作到天黑He did not get up till his mother came in。He worked until it was dark3)条件状语（adverbial clauses of condition）：1道91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning 如果你方便的话.(2007.6)if it
26、s convenient for you.exercise：如果你得到这样的一个机会，千万不能错过它If you receive a opportunity like this,you cannot fail to seize it!条件状语从句条件状语从句常用引导词常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词特殊引导词：in case（万一);as/so long as,on condition that,only if;providing/provided that,suppose/supposing that(倘若假使)Well start our project if the presi
27、dent agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要坚持努力，你一定会成功的只要坚持努力，你一定会成功的如果总统同意的话，我们将开始我们的项目如果总统同意的话，我们将开始我们的项目4）比较状语比较状语 3道道&样题样题1道道88.Since my childhood I have found that（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力（2006.12）to me,nothing is more interesting than reading.90.The more you explain,（我愈糊涂）（20
28、06.6）the more confused I am 88.In my sixties,one change I notice is that(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)I get tired more easily than before 90.On average,it is said,visitors spend only(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.（样题）half as much(money)9)比较状语从句比较状语从句u常用引导词：as(同级比较)as,not soas;than(不同程度的比较)u特殊引导词：the mo
29、re the more,A is to B what/as X is to Y;no more than uShe is as bad-tempered as her father(is).uThe house is three times as big as ours.u她跟她的父亲脾气一样坏u那个房子跟我们的一样大More exerciseThe older I get,我越开心（新编英语语法教程）the happier I am预测：很可能会考结果状语（adverbial of result）、原因状语（adverbial of reason）、方式状语（adverbial of man
30、ner）、地点状语（adverbial of place）。5定语从句定语从句（attributive clauses）：）：3道道88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is（我们可以合作的领域）（2007.6）the field（where）we can cooperate.90.(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)Compared with the place where I grew up 87.Medical researchers are painfull
31、y aware that there are many problems(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)(which/that)they have not come up with/found a solution to.概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子.(Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句1.The man is a worker.2.Th
32、e man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子:The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:当先行词是物
33、时当先行词是物时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的
34、作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词
35、宾语时可 省略省略.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more t
36、han 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个
37、孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.预测：会越来越多综合性越来越强目前还没有考过非限制性定语从句6.名词性从句名词性从
38、句(Substantive Clause)，2道道91.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life is weighed upon (是用他们能够借道多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.（2007.12）how much they can borrow 90._(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.（2009.6）what many people dont realize/what a
39、 host of folks dont realize 1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3.My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类二重点单词（二重点单词（key words）：）：12道。89.The professo
40、r required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.（2006.6）we(should)hand in the research report 87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt(使自己适应另一种不同的文化)(2006.12)oneself to life in different cultures.87.The finding of this study failed to consider(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)the quality of
41、 humans sleep.87.(多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.(07.12)Owing to(或 thanks to)a series of new inventions 89.Because of the leg injury,the athlete(决定退出比赛)(2007.6)decided to quit the match90.To make donations or for more information,please contact us(按以下地址和我们联系)(2007.6)at the f
42、ollowing address 89.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are(更有可能增加体重)(2009.6)more likely to put on weight91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)(2009.6)closely linked to the lack of exercise 91.Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week bec
43、ause of the economic crisis.(2006.6)he was fired by the company 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because(它更方便和省时).(2007.12)it is more convenient and efficient 87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research.(能应用于新技术的开发)(08.6)can be applied to the develo
44、pment of the new technology.90.Through the project,many people have received training and(决定自己创业).(08.12)to launch/set up/establish/begin their own enterprise.三固定搭配三固定搭配(set structures)：三道 91.The nations population continues to rise.(以每年1200万人的速度).(2006.12)at a rate of 12 million per year 87.The fin
45、ding of this study failed to.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)take account of the quality of humans sleep91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6)at your convenience答题步骤答题步骤 第一步:通读句子，英汉一起读，理解句意。第二步：利用动词、时间状语等线索，确定句子的时态。如2006.12.88：Since my childhood I have found that(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)Have fou
46、nd 提醒：后面一定要用一般现在时。2006.12.to me,nothing is more interesting than reading.89：The victim（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.Had been 提醒句子谈的是过去，人现在已经死了。might have survived2006.6.91：Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.Last week 提醒句子要用过去时。he was fired
47、 by the company第三步：汉译英。注意，先翻译谓语动词，把它放在前面。动词（动词词组）一确定，你就成功了一半。如下面这个汉语句子：我邻居去东京渡假，因为钱不够，回不了家了。先找谓语动词。这句话中有两个动作，“去渡假”和“回家”。哪个重要？哪个是说话人要告诉你的重要信息？是“回不了家”，所以return是谓语动词。先翻译核心意思：Myneighborcouldntreturnhome.接着，“渡假”“钱不够”一前一后加上，把核心意思捧出来：Myneighbor,whowenttoTokyoforaholiday,couldntreturnhomebecausehedidnthavee
48、noughmoney.(新概念英语)再如2007.6.90：Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,pleasecontact(按以下地址和我们联系)usatthefollowingaddress.再如2006.12.90：Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）mayfeellonelywhentheyreawayfromhome.如果谓语动词不用你翻，就抓中文里面的关键词(keyword)。如2007.6.91：Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning(如果你方便的话)ifits
49、convenientforyou.迅速想出关键词“方便”的英文单词和用法：第一，it结构：Itisconvenientforsomebody第二，at结构：atonesconvenience有了主干，再往上添枝加叶就容易多了。第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺，你的翻译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。注意，实在翻不出来，就不要硬拼，绕过石头曲折前进，小溪才能汇入大海。.教大家一种“反译”的小技巧，非常管用。其中奥妙不必言传。各位都是明白人：1intherivers.（河还没有干）Theresstillwater2Studentsarestill（学生们还没有到齐）arriving.3他每次都赢：Heneverloses。4我天天想你：TheresneverbeenadaywhenIdidntmissyou.5我一夜没合眼：Ilayawakeallnight.比较：Ididntclosemyeyesallnight.