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1、大学英语四级翻译专项训练主讲人：缪爽主要问题n一、核心语法 虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词n二、固定搭配和常规用法 虚拟语气n一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反were, didwould (should, could, might) +v.与将来事实相反should do, were to +v.would (should, could, might) +v. 与过去事实相反had done would (should, could, might) +have done例句nI would certainly go if I had the time
2、.(与现在事实相反)nIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. (与将来事实相反)nShe would have come if we had invited her.(与过去事实相反)在错综时间句中n谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”nIf you hadnt watched television so late, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)nIf I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, to
3、o. (从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 )nIf they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 nIf he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 nIf she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught in the rain. （2009，6月真题） nThe v
4、ictim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年12月真题)特殊的固定搭配用法n一想要一想要(desire)二宁愿二宁愿(prefer)三命令三命令(order. command)四建议四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求五要求(demand. require. request. desire. insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + do。should可
5、以省略。可以省略。nThe professor required that we (should) hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006年6月真题)nI suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真题) 定语从句句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物代替人或物主语 who whichthat宾语 whom whichthat定语whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)关系副词nWhere的用法n在定
6、语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。nPotato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice. n有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。nWhen的用法n在定语从句中做时间状语， 指代时间。nI shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.nWhy的用法n在定语从句中做原因状语。nI have come around to explain the reason why I was absent form the meeting.nThe reason that
7、the car broke down caused the accident. nIs he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） nHe is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） nThe book which/that is on the table is mine.（做主语）nThe book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做宾语)nThe book w
8、hose cover is blue is mine.(做定语)nMedical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now /to which they havent found answers so far.（2008年12月真题）nThe prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where (in which) we can cooperate.（2007年6月真题）n
9、They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）nA prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） nThe package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语
10、） 非谓语动词n动词不定式n动名词动词不定式nto +动词原型n可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”nJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus.nHe hate to be misunderstood by others.nWere happy to have been working with you.nIts kind of you to say so.动名词n动词原形+ing (是名词)时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done I am sure that h
11、e will come in time.=I am sure of his coming in time. He is proud that he is selected as monitor.=He is proud of being selected as monitor.Im confident that he have passed the exam.=Im confident of his having passed the exam.He complained that he have been wronged by others.=he complained of having
12、been wronged by others.动名词充当主语nAsking for help is sometimes necessary.nEating too much is not good for your health.nTeaching offers something besides money and power.主语从句nwhat =the thing that What many people havent realized is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. (2009年6月真题) What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008年12月真题)